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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What does a "popeye" muscle indicate?
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a proximal rupture of the long head of the bicep
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What does scapular winging indicate?
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serratus anterior injury due to long thoracic nerve injury
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What does a "piano key" sign or "tenting" indicate?
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acromioclavicular separation or clavical fracture
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What are some tests that can be done to evaluate for impingement syndrome?
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• impingement sign: passive forward flexion; (+) pain > 90º
• Hawkins Test: passive forward flex to 90º and internal rotation; pain = impingement syndrome |
None
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What is the apprehension test?
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• abduction to 90º and external rotation
• positive apprehension test = anterior shoulder instability |
None
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What is the difference between the anatomical and surgical neck?
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• the anatomical neck is directly distal to the head of the humerus
• the surgical neck is distal to the anatomical neck, below the greater and lesser tubercles |
None
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The olecranon is a part of which bone?
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ulna
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What is the treatment for shoulder dislocation?
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• closed reduction
• immobilization in internal rotation |
None
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List 5 types of closed reduction
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• stimson maneuver: pt prone on table with weight on arm
• mitch maneuver • hippocratic maneuver: examiner places sole of foot in axilla • traction/countertraction • scapular manipulation: stimson maneuver with medial manipulation of the tip of scapula |
None
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What are 2 lesions associated with recurrent shoulder dislocations?
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• Bankhart lesion: anterior capsular injury associated with a tear of the glenoid labrum
• Hill-Sachs lesion: compression fracture of the articular surface of the humeral head |
None
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What is the most common bone in the body fractured?
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clavicle
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What is weakest part of the clavicle?
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the junction of the middle and lateral thirds
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Name and describe the 3 classes of clavicle fractures
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• Class A: middle third fracture
• Class B: distal third fracture • Class C: proximal third fracture |
None
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What is the mechanism of injury for AC separation?
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fall onto point of shoulder
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What is the textbook sign for AC separation on physical exam?
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tenderness at the AC junction
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What are bursa?
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• closed, round, flattened sacs that separate bare areas of bone from overlapping muscles (deep bursae) or separate skin and tendon (superficial bursae)
• function to reduce friction and allow a greater range of movement when muscle contracts |
None
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What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
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supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
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A "waiter's tip" position or Erb-Duchenne palsy is caused by injury to which nerves?
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C5 & C6
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A "claw hand" or Klumpke paralysis is due to injury to which nerves?
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C8-T1
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What is a Yergason test?
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• resisted supination test
• used to test for bicipital tendonitis |
None
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Which nerve crosses over the "funny bone"?
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ulnar nerve
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A fracture of the humerus at the surgical neck can injure which nerve?
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axillary nerve
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A fracture of the humerus at the radial groove can injure which nerve?
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radial nerve
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A fracture at the distal end of the humerus can injure which nerve?
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median nerve
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A fracture of the humerus at the medial epicondyle can injure which nerve?
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ulnar nerve
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What is the treatment for midshaft humerus fracture?
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• coaptation splint
• change to Sarmiento brace after 2 weeks |
None
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Which part of the humerus articulates with the radial head?
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capitulum
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Which part of the humerus articulates with the ulna?
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trochlea and olecranon fossa
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What is a Nursemaid's elbow?
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subluxation of the radial head from the annular ligament
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What 2 tendons form the snuffbox?
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extensor pollicis brevis tendon and extensor pollicis longus tendon
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What is lateral epicondylitis?
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• pain at the lateral humeral epicondyle, reproduced by extending the wrist against resistance
• aka Tennis elbow • seen in patients who perform repetitive wrist extension |
None
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What is medial epicondylitis?
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• pain at the medial humeral epicondyle
• seen in patients who golf, or perform throwing sports, such as baseball, football, javelin |
None
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What is a Die Punch Fracture?
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intra-articular distal radius fracture with impaction of the dorsal aspect of the lunate fossa
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What is the definitive treatment for a scaphoid fracture?
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• long arm thumb spica cast x 4-8 weeks
• if scaphoid is displaced, may require ORIF |
None
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What is a Boutonneiere Deformity?
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• a flexed PIP joint & a hyperextended DIP joint
• caused by a central slip of the extensor digitorum communis tendon from its insertion at the dorsal base of the middle phalanx |
None
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What is a mallet finger?
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• flexion at the DIP joint & extension or hyperextension at the PIP joint
• caused by a disruption of the extensor tendon over the distal phalanx |
None
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What is flexor tenosynovitis?
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infection of the digital synovial sheaths
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What are the 4 classic findings for diagnosis of flexor tenosynovitis?
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• tenderness over flexor tendon sheath
• symmetric swelling of the finger (sausage finger) • pain with passive extension • flexed posture of the involved digit at rest |
None
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What is trigger finger?
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• a painful condition caused by a narrowing of the sheath that surrounds the finger tendon
• inflamed nodule of tendon gets trapped behind tendon sheath and finger becomes stuck in flexed position |
None
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Which muscles allow for abduction and adduction of the hand?
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lumbrical muscles
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What is De Qyervain's Tenosynovitis?
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• an entrapment tendonitis of the tendons contained within the first dorsal compartment at the wrist
• results in pain with thumb motion |
None
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What is the Finkelstein test?
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• the most classic finding in De Quervain tenosynovitis is a positive Finkelstein test
• have the patient make a fist with the thumb inside the fingers • the clinician applies passive ulnar deviation of the wrist to reproduce the chief complaint of dorsolateral wrist pain |
None
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What is paronychia?
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• a superficial infection of the epithelium lateral to the nail plate
• most frequently caused by staphylococci |
None
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What is a felon?
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• closed-space infections of the fingertip pulp
• infection occuring within these fingertip pulp compartments can lead to abscess formation, edema, and increased pressure in a closed space • can compromise blood flow and lead to necrosis of the skin and pulp |
None
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What is Herpetic Whitlow?
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• an intense, painful skin infection caused by the herpes simplex virus
• tiny fluid-filled blebs (vesicles) on the fingers • fingertip is sore and swollen but is not as firmas in a felon |
None
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What parts of the hand does the radial nerve innervate?
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• sensation to the dorsum of the hand on the radial side
• sensation 3rd metacarpal, dorsal thumb, index, and middle fingers as far as the distal phalanges • evaluate motor by testing thumb extension (hitchhiking) |
None
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What part of the hand does the ulnar nerve innervate?
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- sensation to the ulnar side of hand (dorsal & palmar) of the pinkie and half of the ring finger
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What part of the hand does the median nerve innervate?
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• palmar sufrace of thumb, index, middle and half of ring finger
• may supply dorsum of terminal phalanges of these fingers |
None
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What causes Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
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irritation of C8 and T1
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What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
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the radial side of the forearm
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What is Carpal Tunnel?
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a syndrome characterized by pain, paresthesias, and weakness in the median nerve distribution of the hand
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What are 2 tests used to evaluate for Carpal Tunnel?
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Tinel's test and Phalen's Test
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What is Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
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pressure on the "funny bone" causing pain, paresthesia to the ulnar nerve distribution
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What is Saturday Night Palsy?
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• injury of the upper arm, usually by sleeping with arm over the back of a chair
• decreased or absent sensation on the radial and dorsal side of hand and wrist and • inability to extend wrist, thumb, and finger joints • when the hand is pronated, the wrist and hand will drop |
None
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