Anatomy Unit I: Regional Anatomy-Back

Front 1

Regional features of vertebrae

Back 1

-cervical=transverse foramina
-thoracic=costal facest (body/transverse foramina)
-lumbar=mamillary processes/large body

Front 2

Normal curvatures of spine

Back 2

-cervical=lordosis
-thoracic=kyphosis
-lumbar=lordosis
-sacral=kyphosis

Front 3

Lordosis

Back 3

-posterior curvature
-extended
-forms "C" (from sagital view)

Front 4

Kyphosis

Back 4

-anterior curvature
-flexed

Front 5

Primary curvatures of the spine

Back 5

-curves present at birth
-kyphotic curves: thoracic, sacral

Front 6

Secondary curvatures of the spine

Back 6

-develop during growth
-lordotic: cervical, lumbar

Front 7

Abnormal curvatures of the spine

Back 7

-excessive kyphosis of thoracic (hunched upper back)
-excessive lordosis of lumbar (sway back)
-scoliosis: lateral deviation/curvature of spine

Front 8

Contents of the vertebral canal

Back 8

-spinal cord from foramen magnum to L2
-meninges surround spinal cord
-conus medullaris at end of spinal cord
-cauda equina
-filum terminale

Front 9

filum terminale

Back 9

-extension inferiorly of pia mater

Front 10

cauda equina

Back 10

-string of spinal nerve roots extending below L2
-includes roots of L2-L5, S1-S5, and coccygeal nerve

Front 11

superficial layer of extrinsic back muscles

Back 11

-trapezius
-rhomboid
-latissimus dorsi
-levator scapulae

Front 12

extrinsic back muscle (definition)

Back 12

muscles of the back that have only one attachment in the axial region

Front 13

innervation of superficial layer of extrinsic back muscles

Back 13

-cranial nerve XI
-ventral rami of spinal nn.

Front 14

intrinsic back muscles

Back 14

muscles of the back the have both attachments within the axial skeleton

Front 15

intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles

Back 15

-erector spinae: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Front 16

action of intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles

Back 16

extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Front 17

innervation of intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles

Back 17

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 18

deep layer of intrinsic back muscles

Back 18

-transversospinalis: semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

Front 19

action of deep layer of intrinsic back muscles

Back 19

-extension and rotation of vertebral column

Front 20

innervation of deep layer of intrinsic back muscles

Back 20

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 21

blood supply of intrinsic back muscles

Back 21

dorsal branches of arteries

Front 22

Thoracolumbar fascia layers

Back 22

-posterior
-middle
-anterior

Front 23

Posterior thoracolumbar attachments

Back 23

attach @ spinous processes, passes posterior to erector spinae to fuse with middle layer

Front 24

Middle thoracolumbar attachments

Back 24

attach @ transverse processes, pass posterior to quadratus lumborum m.

Front 25

Anterior thoracolumbar attachments

Back 25

attach @ transverse processes and passes anterior to quadratus lumborum to fuse with middle