Anatomy Unit 9: Axilla

Front 1

Connects the posterior triangle of neck and axilla

Back 1

cervicoaxillary canal

Front 2

Axillary Fossa

Back 2

armpit

Front 3

Subscapularis Muscle

Back 3

Origin - Subscapular fossa of of scapula
Insertion - Passes In Front of shoulder joint, fuses with its capsule, and inserts on the lesser tubercle of humerus.
Job - medially rotates arm
Innervation - Upper and Lower scapular nerves
Bloody supply - subscapular vessels.

Front 4

Teres Major Muscle

Back 4

Origin - inferior angle and adjacent axillary border of scapula.
Insertion - passes anterior to the long head of the triceps brachii muscle and neck of humerous to insert on lesser tubular ridge.
Job - abducts and medially rotates arm
Innervation - Lower scapular nerve
Blood supply - subscapular vessel

Front 5

Serratus Anterior Muscle

Back 5

Origin - Upper eight ribs
Insertion - vertebral border of scapula
Job - Prevents retraction of scapula and shoulder. Can also assist trap in scapula rotation.
-Loss of nerve supply = winged scapula

Front 6

Beginning and End of Axillary Artery

Back 6

Subclavian turns into axillary at lateral border of first rib.
Ends at lower border of teres major becoming the brachial artery.

Front 7

Superior thoracic artery

Back 7

Superficially supplies the first 2 intercostal spaces

Front 8

Acromial artery

Back 8

Supplies region of the acomion process of the scapula.

Front 9

Pectoral Arteries

Back 9

Pierce costocoracoid membrane and supply pec major and minor.

Front 10

Clavicular Artery

Back 10

Small branch that goes to region of subclavius muscle.

Front 11

Deltoid Artery

Back 11

Enters deltopectoral triangle and travels distally with cephalic vein

Front 12

Lateral Thoracic Artery

Back 12

Arises behind lower border of pec minor.
Supplies lower anterior and medial aspects of axilla and mamary gland.

Front 13

Scapular Circumflex Artery

Back 13

Goes around scapula between scapula and teres muscle. Ends deep in infraspinatus muscle where it joins suprascapular artery forming collateral route from beginning of subclavian to third part of axillary.

Front 14

Thoracodorsal Artery

Back 14

Travels with thoracodorsal nerve to Lat.

Front 15

Anterior and Posterior Humeral circumflex

Back 15

Both pass to humerus. Posterior is larger and accompanies axillary nerve.

Front 16

Axillary Vein

Back 16

Lies anterior and Inferior to the artery

Front 17

Thoracoepigastric Vein

Back 17

Formed from an astomosis of the superficial epigastric vein and the lateral thoracic vein. Forms an alternate route for blood between the superior and inferior vena cava.

Front 18

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Back 18

To rhomboid muscle. Anterior Primary ramus of C5. Peirces scalenus medius muscle.

Front 19

Long Thoracic Nerve

Back 19

To Serratus anterior. From anterior primary rami of C5,6,7. Pierces scalenus medius muscle.

Front 20

Suprascapular nerve

Back 20

To supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. Goes through scapular notch.

Front 21

Lateral Pectoral Nerve

Back 21

To Pec major, goes through costocoracoid membrane.

Front 22

Upper scapular nerve

Back 22

To subscapularis Muscle.

Front 23

Lower subscapular nerve

Back 23

to subscapularis and teres major muscle.

Front 24

Axillary Nerve

Back 24

To deltoid and teres minor muscles

Front 25

Radial Nerve

Back 25

To all dorsal muscles of upper limb

Front 26

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Back 26

To anterior compartment of the arm

Front 27

Median Nerve

Back 27

Major nerve to anterior forearm, minor nerve to hand.

Front 28

5 Lymph Nodes of the Axilla

Back 28

Pectoral, Brachial, Subscapular, Central nodes, apical nodes.