Anatomy Unit 7: Trachea, Lungs, And Posterior Mediastinum

Front 1

Beginning and end of Trachea

Back 1

Starts at CV6, ends at TV5 or TV6 during deep inspiration.

Front 2

Carina

Back 2

Last cartilage of trachea.

Front 3

Bronchus Angles

Back 3

Right = 25 degrees. Left = 37 Degrees.

Front 4

Characteristics of Right and Left Primary Bronchus

Back 4

Right = shorter, wider, more verticle. Enters lung at TV5
Left = Longer, thinner, more horizontal.
Enters lung at TV6

Front 5

Hilus

Back 5

Contains root of each lung and the pulmonary ligament.

Front 6

Lobes and Segments of Right Lung

Back 6

Upper Lobe = apical, posterior, anterior.
Middle Lobe = lateral and medial
Lower lobe = superior, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, and posterior basal.

Front 7

Lobes and Segments of Left Lung

Back 7

Upper Lobe = Apico-posterior, anterior, superior lingular, and inferior lingular.
Lower Lobe = superior, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal.

Front 8

Oblique Fissure

Back 8

Separates upper and middle lobes from lower lobe. Starts at 5th rib posteriorly to 6th rib at diaphragmatic border anteriorly.

Front 9

Organization of Right Lung Hilus

Back 9

Artery is anterior and inferior to primary bronchus.
2 Veins are anterior and inferior to all other structures.

Front 10

Organization of Left Lung Hilus

Back 10

Artery is anterior and superior to primary bronchus.
2 Veins are anterior and inferior to all other structures.

Front 11

Superficial Lymphatic Plexus

Back 11

Lies in or near visceral pleura. Has no nodes of own so empties into hilar nodes.

Front 12

Deep Lymphatic Plexus

Back 12

Follows conducting system. Has 3 kinds of nodes.
1) Pulmonary Nodes - Located in bronchopulmonary segments.
2) Bronchopulmonary Nodes - Located near lobar bronchi.
3) Tracheobronchial Nodes - Have superior and inferior; located near primary bronchi.

Front 13

Thymus Location

Back 13

In front of great vessels behind sternum.

Front 14

Esophagus Beginning and End

Back 14

Begins at CV6 as continuation of pharynx. Ends at TV11 in abdomen of stomach.

Front 15

4 Layers of Esophagus

Back 15

Tunica Adventita - Related to esophageal plexus of nerves, contains plexus of veins.
Tunica Muscularis - Nerve plexus of sympa. and para. fibers and postganglionic para. cell bodies.
Tunica Submucosa - Contains plexus similar to tunica muscularis plus a venous plexus.
Tunica Mucosa - Stratified squamous epithelium with tunica propria.

Front 16

Arteries of Esophagus

Back 16

Inferior Thyroid - Supply upper esophagus.
Bronchial, Esophogeal, and Mediastinal - Off Aorta, supply middle esophagus.
Esophageal branch of left gastric artery - supply lower esophagus.

Front 17

Veins of Esophagus

Back 17

Upper Veins - Drain into superior vena cava via inferior thyroid and azygos vein.
Lower Veins - Drain into portal system via esophageal branch of left gastric vein.

Front 18

Porto-Caval Anastomose

Back 18

Venous plexus of the middle and lower thirds of esophagus.

Front 19

Nerve Supply of Esophagus

Back 19

Esophageal Plexus formed from:
-Vagus nerve giving preganglionic para. and sensory fibers.
-Splanchnic nerves from sympa. chain giving postganglionic and sensory fibers.

Front 20

Descending Aorta Path

Back 20

Begins at TV4 to left of body; moves medially as it descends. Is at mid line by TV12 where it passes behind diaphragm into abdominal cavity. Now called abdominal aorta.

Front 21

Descending Aorta Branches

Back 21

- 3rd - 11th intercostal arteries and subcostal artery
- 2 Left bronchial arteries
-Esophageal arteries
-Mediastinal and Pericardial arteries
-Superior phrenic arteries

Front 22

Drainage of Right Intercostal Space Veins

Back 22

Azygous Vein

Front 23

Drainage of First Intercostal Space Veins

Back 23

Drains into brachiocephalic or vertebral vein.

Front 24

Azygous Vein Start and End

Back 24

Begins in abdomen as right ascending lumbar vein, travels up right side, arches anterio-superiorly to the right primary bronchus and enters superior Vena Cava.

Front 25

Tributaries into Azygous Vein

Back 25

-Right Superior intercostal veins (2,3,4 spaces)
-Lower right 7-8 Intercostal Veins
-Right Subcostal Vein (below 12th rib)
-Accessory Hemizygous Vein at TV8
-Hemizygous Vein at TV9
-Esophageal, Mediastinal, pericardial, and bronchial veins.

Front 26

Left intercostal Drainage of Veins

Back 26

-Superior Intercostal Vein (spaces 2,3,4) Drain into brachiocephalic Vein.
-Accessory Hemizygous (spaces 5,6,7,8) drain into Azygous Vein.
-Hemizygous (spaces 9,10,11,12) drain into Azygous Vein)

Front 27

What is the collateral pathway of the superior and inferior Vena Cava?

Back 27

Azygos Veins

Front 28

Hemiazygos Vein

Back 28

Begins as continuation of left ascending lumbar vein. Enters thorax through crus of diaphragm. Drains left lower 3 intercostal and left subcostal veins. Crosses at TV9 into Azygos.

Front 29

Accessory Hemizygos Vein

Back 29

Drains left middle intercostal veins. Crosses at TV8 into azygos Vein

Front 30

Where do viceral sensory impulses travel through?

Back 30

White communicating ramus.

Front 31

Greater Splanchnic Nerve

Back 31

Splanchnic Nerves from TV 5-9 of sympa. chain. Enters abdominal cavity. Copntains mainly pre-ganglionic sympa. some post ganglionic sympa. and sensory fibers. Esophageal branches containing postganglionic sympa. fibers are given off along the way.

Front 32

Lesser Splanchnic Nerve

Back 32

Viceral Branches from TV 10,11 of sympa. chain. Goes to abdominal cavity.

Front 33

Least Splanchnic Nerve

Back 33

Viceral Branches from TV 12 of sympa chain.

Front 34

Fate of Splanchnic Nerves of TV4-5 of Sympa Chain.

Back 34

Go to pulmonary, cardiac, and esophageal plexuses. Are joined by branches of the cervical sympa. ganglion.