Anatomy Unit 41: Leg And Dorsum Of Foot

Front 1

Sustentaculum Tali

Back 1

On medial surface of calcaneus. Supports posterior part of talus.

Front 2

What muscle forms a groove on the bottom of the calcaneus?

Back 2

Flexor hallicus longus

Front 3

Greater Saphenous Vein

Back 3

Formed medially from dorsal venus arch of the foot. Passes anterior to medial malleolus, up medial side of leg, palms breadth from patella. Empties into sapehnous opening in femoral vein.
Accompanied by Saphenous branch of femoral nerve

Front 4

Lesser Saphenous Vein

Back 4

Formed laterally from dorsal venous arch of the foot. Passes posterior to lateral malleolus. Pierces fascia at popliteal fossa and enters popliteal vein.
Accompanied by sural and medial sural nerves.

Front 5

Saphenous Nerve

Back 5

Branch of femoral nerve which travels in subsartorial canal. Supplies medial side of leg to foot. Gives off omfrapatellar branch which supplies medial knee.

Front 6

Sural Nerve

Back 6

Formed from medial (from tibial) and lateral (from common fibial) sural nerves after they supply the upper calf. Descends with saphenous vein and supplies posterior and lateral leg and foot.

Front 7

Superficial Fibular Nerve

Back 7

Supplies Fibularis longus and brevis. Then supplies skin over dorsum of foot except area between 1st and 2nd toe.

Front 8

Actions and insertions of muscles in Superficial posterior leg

Back 8

All planterflexors of ankle joint and all insert on the calcaneal tubercle.

Front 9

Innervation of muscles in posterior compartment of leg

Back 9

Tibial Nerve

Front 10

Gastrocnemius muscle

Back 10

Origin: Lateral head - lateral aspect of laterla femoral condyle
Medial head - Popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
Inserts: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (achilies).
Action: 1) Flexor of leg at knee. 2) Plantar flexor of foot at ankle
Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Front 11

Soleus Muscle

Back 11

Origin: Head and upper part of fibula and soleal line of tibia.
Inserts: Through calcaneal tendon (achilies) to back of calcaneus
Action: 1) Assist in plantar flexion. Does not cross knee joint.
Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Front 12

Plantaris Muscle

Back 12

Origin: On lateral condyle of femur next to gastrocnemius muscle.
Inserts: On medial side of calcaneus, adjacent to achilies tendon.
Action: Weekly plantor flexes ankle and flexes knee.
Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Front 13

Popliteus Muscle

Back 13

Origin: Inside capsule of knee joint, from lateral side of lateral condyle of femur deep to llateral collateral ligament.
Inserts: On back of tibia above soleal line.
Action: 1) Medially rotates leg if foot not fixed. Laterally rotates femur if fixed. 2) Unlocks knee joint
Innervation: Tibial nerve

Front 14

Tibialis Posterior Muscle

Back 14

Origin: Interosseus membrane and adjacent bones
Inserts: sustentaculum tali, tubercle of navicular bone, 3 cuneform bones, cuboid bone, and 2-4 metatarsals.
Action: 1) Inverts foot. 2) Adducts foot. 3) Plantar flexes foot.
Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Front 15

Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Back 15

Origin: Medial part of posterior tibia, inferior part of interosseus membrane.
Inserts: Distal Phalanx of lateral 4 toes.
Action: Flexes lateral 4 digits and plantarflexes ankle
Innervation: Tibial nerve

Front 16

Flexor Hallucis longus muscle

Back 16

Origin: Fibula and posterior intermuscular septum.
Inserts: Grooves inferior surface of sustentaculum tali. Inserts on distal phalanx of great toe.
Action: 1) flexes hallux 2) weakly plantarflexes ankle
Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Front 17

Flexor retinaculum

Back 17

Attached to medial malleolus anteriorly and to cancaneus posteriorly.

Front 18

4 Sinovial compartments of flexor retinaculum

Back 18

Tom Dick And Nervous Hary
1) Tendon of Tibialis Posterior
2) Tendond of flexor digitorum longus
3) Neurovascular bundle:
Posterior tibial artery
Tibial Nerve
4) Tendon of flexor hallucis longus

Front 19

Fibularis Longus Muscle

Back 19

Origin: Head and lateral superior part of fibula.
Inserts: Descends superficial, then posterior to fibularis brevis and lateral malleolus, turns under cuboid bone, passes under foot and inserts on medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone.
Action: 1) Everts foot
2) Abducts foot
Innervation: Superficial Fibular nerve

Front 20

Fibularis Brevis muscle

Back 20

Origin: Lower portion of fibula.
Inserts: Passes posterior to lateral malleolus and inserts on base of fifth metatarsal.
Action: 1) everts foot 2) abducts foot
Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve

Front 21

Superior fibular retinnaculum

Back 21

Attaches to lateral malleolus and calcaneus. Holds both fibularis muscle tendons in place in common sinovial sheath.

Front 22

Inferior Fibular Retinaculum

Back 22

Attaches to calcaneus near inferior extensor retinaculum, crosses tendons and attaches to lateral surface of calcaneus. In seperate synovial sheaths.

Front 23

Arterial and Nerve supply of anterior Compartment of leg.

Back 23

Deep fibular Nerve and Anterior tibial artery.

Front 24

Tibialis Anterior Muscle

Back 24

Origin: Tibia and interosseus membrane
Inserts: Medial/Inferior surface of medial cuneform and base of first metatarsal.
Action: 1) Dorsiflex foot 2) Invert foot 3) Adduct foot
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
SHIN SPLINTS

Front 25

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Back 25

Origin: Middle third of leg from interosseus membrane and fibula.
Inserts: Distal phalanx of great toe.
Action: Extends distal phalanx of great toe and dorsiflexes ankle.
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve

Front 26

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Back 26

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia, fibula, anterior intermuscular septum and interossues membrane.
Inserts: Middle and Distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits (extensor expansion).
Action: Extends lateral 4 digits and dorsafelxes ankle
Innervation: Deep fibular Nerve

Front 27

Fibularis Tertius Muscle

Back 27

Origin: Inferior third and anterior surface of the fibula and interosseus membrane.
Inserts: Looks like part of extensor digitorum longus but has a seperate tendon which inserts on Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal.
Acion: Dorsiflexes ankle and aids in foot eversion.
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve

Front 28

Superior Extensor Retinaculum

Back 28

Thickening of deep fascia between tibia and fibula above the malleoli.

Front 29

Inferior Extensor retinacculum

Back 29

Y shaped. Stem of Y is attaches to upper surface of calcaneus, passes medially over tendons, then divides. One limb over medial malleolus. One limb to deep fascia on medial side of foot to plantar surface.
3 Short synovial sheaths protect the tendons of extensors (not tertius) as they pass under.

Front 30

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Back 30

Origin: Superior/Lateral surface of calcaneus.
Inserts: Middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits via longus tendon.
Action: Extend PIP joints of lat. 4 digits.
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve

Front 31

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Back 31

Origin: Superior/Larteral aspect of calcaneus
Inserts: Base of proximal phalanx of hallus.
Action: Extend MTP joint of hallus.
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve

Front 32

Crural Fascia

Back 32

Deep Fascia of the leg

Front 33

Triceps Surae Muscle

Back 33

Formed by 2 heads of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. Fuse togeather to form achilies tendon.

Front 34

What innervates posterior compartment of leg?

Back 34

Tibial nerve. Supplies superficial and deep, but only runs in deep.

Front 35

Oblique Popliteal Tendon

Back 35

Extra capsular ligament which strengthens Posterior aspect of knee joint. Contains tendonous fibers from semimembranous muscle.

Front 36

Action of tibialis Muscles

Back 36

Inverters of foot

Front 37

Path of popliteal artery

Back 37

Continuation of femoral. Splits into anterior and posterior tibial artery.

Front 38

Anterior Tibial Artery

Back 38

Branch of popliteal. Passes through interosseus membrane to supply anterior of leg. Once crosses ankle joint, becomes dorsal artery of foot (dorsalis pedis). Forms arcuate artery which sends perforating branches between metatarsal heads; first one called Deep plantar artery. Arcuate will anastomose with deep plantar arterial arch.

Front 39

Posterior Tibial Artery

Back 39

Supplies posterior compartment of the leg. Gives off fibular artery which mainly supplies lateral leg via perforating branches. Posterior tibial will split into medial and lateral plantar arteries. Lateral plantar forms deep plantar arterial arch.

Front 40

Action of dorsiflexors in gait

Back 40

Prevent footslap at heelstrike
Lift foot to clear ground during swing phase.

Front 41

Actions of plantarflexors in gait

Back 41

Muscles begin to contract at stance phase and continue until just before toe-off.