Anatomy Unit 40: Anteior And Medial Thigh

Front 1

Superficial Epigastric Vessels

Back 1

Cutaneous. Supplies lower abdominal wall. Branch of femoral artery. Vein drains into greater saphenous vein.

Front 2

Superficial Circumfelx iliac vessels

Back 2

Cutaneous. Branch of Femoral artery. Supplies upper lateral aspect of thigh. Vein empties into great saphenous.

Front 3

Superficial/Deep External Pudendal vessels

Back 3

Cutaneous. Supplies external genitalia. Artery is branch of femoral. Vein enters into greater saphenous.

Front 4

Great Saphenous Vein

Back 4

Begins as dorsal venous arch and dorsal digital vein of big toe. Passes up medial side of leg. Passes a palms breadth from patella. Ascends into saphenous opening in fascia lata and empties into femoral vein. Can have accessory saphenous vein medial to it.

Front 5

Consistent dermatomes of the leg

Back 5

L1 = Inguinal Ligament
L4 = Patella
L5 = Anterolateral Leg
S1 = 5th Digital
S2 = Posterior Thigh

Front 6

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Back 6

(Posterior branch of L2, L3) Branch of lumbar plexus. Enters thigh by passing deep to lateral edge of inguinal ligament, then pierces fascia lata.
Supplies Aterior/lateral surface of thigh down to knee.

Front 7

Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Back 7

Branches of femoral nerve which supply anterior and medial surface of thigh.

Front 8

Lymph drainage of thigh and nearby regions

Back 8

Skin and superficial fascia from llower abdomen, gluteal region, and external genitalia send lymph to superficial lymph nodes > superficial inguinal nodes > Deep inguinal nodes > External Iliac nodes.

Front 9

Fascia Lata

Back 9

Deep fascia of the thigh. Attached above to:
Pubic bone
Inguinal ligament
Iliac crest
Back of sacrum
sacrotuberous ligament
ischial tuberosity
Ischiopubic rammus

Front 10

Boundaries and Contents of femoral triangle

Back 10

Superior: Inguinal ligament
Laterally: Medial border of sartorius muscle
Medially: Lateral border of adductor longus
Contents: Femoral artery, Vein, Nerve, and deep inguinal lymph nodes.

Front 11

Femoral sheath

Back 11

Downward extension of deep fascia of abdomen. Attached above to inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament, and fascias of the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles. Contain (from lateral to medial) Femoral artery, Vein, and lymphnodes/vessels.

Front 12

Femoral RIng

Back 12

Proximal opening of femoral canal. Boundaries are:
Anterior: Inguinal Ligament
Posterior: Pectineal Ligament
Medial: Lacunar ligament
Lateral: Femoral Vein

Front 13

Anterior Osteofascial Compartment: Boundaries, Blood and nerve supply, and muscles

Back 13

Bound by fascia lata and medial and lateral intermuscular septa. All muscles supplied by femoral nerve and vessels:
Rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis

Front 14

Rectus femoris muscle

Back 14

Origin: Straight head - AIIS
Reflected head - just above acetabulum
Inserts: Onto tibial tuberostiy and retinacula to tibial condyles via patellar tendon.
Action: Extends knee joint. Weak flexor of hip
Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Front 15

Vastus Lateralis Muscle

Back 15

Origin: Upper end of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral intermuscular septum.
Inserts: Onto tibial tuberostiy and retinacula to tibial condyles via patellar tendon.
Action: Extends knee joint.
Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Front 16

Vastus Intermedius muscle

Back 16

Origin: Almost entire circumference of femur except linea aspera
Inserts: Onto tibial tuberostiy and retinacula to tibial condyles via patellar tendon.
Action: Extends knee joint.
Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Front 17

Vastus Medialis Musce

Back 17

Origin: Medial lip if linea aspera and medial intermuscular septum. Most inferior fibers extend lower that vastus lateralis and are more horizontal.
Inserts: Onto tibial tuberostiy and retinacula to tibial condyles via patellar tendon.
Action: Extends knee joint.
Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Front 18

Adductor canal

Back 18

Begins as apex of femoral triangle, ends where femoral vessles enter adductor hiatus. Runs underneath sartorius muscle. Contains 4 structures:
Femoral artery, femoral vein, Saphenous nerve, and nerve to vastus medialis.

Front 19

Lateral Femoral circumflex artery

Back 19

Usually branch of deep femoral. Has 3 branches:
Ascending branch - Passes above greater trochanter of femur to enter gluteal region
Transverse - Passes below lateral to greater trochanter
Descending branch - Accompanies nerve to vastus lateralis into the muscle, supplies it, then enters the knee.

Front 20

Medial Femoral circumflex artery

Back 20

Usually branch of deep femoral. Passes between iliopsoas and pectinus muscle. Branches:
Ascending - Appears in gluteal region above quadratus femoris.
Transverse branch - Appears in back of thigh between quadratus femoris and adductor magnus

Front 21

Branches of Femoral Nerve

Back 21

Nerve to pectineus muscle - passes behind femoral vessels
Nerve to vastus lateralis - Accompanies descending branch of of lateral femoral circumflex artery
Nerve to sartorius - usually multiple and some continue as anterior femoral cutaneous
Nerve to femoris muscle - usually 2
Nerve to vastus intermedius
Nerve to vastus medialis - travels w/ saph. nerve in adductor canal
Saphenous nerve - Gives off infrapatellar branch which pierces sartorius muscle. In superficial fascia, accompanies vein.

Front 22

Nerve supply of hip and knee joints

Back 22

Femoral nerve, usually from adjacent muscular branches

Front 23

Medial osteofascial compartment; boundaries, arterial and nerve supply, muscles.

Back 23

Bounded by fascia lata, and medial and posterior intermuscular septa. Begins above pubis and ischium and ends at linea aspera. Supplied by deep femoral artery (mostly) and the obturator nerve:
Pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator internus, gracilis.

Front 24

Pectineus Muscle

Back 24

Origin: Upper surface of superior rammus of pubic bone.
Inserts: Pectineal line below lesser trochanter of femur.
Action: Flexes hip joint , medially rotates and adducts thigh.
Innervation: Primarily Femoral nerve; accessory obturator if present.

Front 25

Adductor Longus Muscle

Back 25

Origin: Pubis
Inserts: Middle third of linea aspera
Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh.
Innervation: Obturator nerve

Front 26

Adductor Brevis Muscle

Back 26

Origin: Inferior pubic ramus
Inserts: Back of upper half of femur
Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh
Innervation: Obturator Nerve

Front 27

Adductor Magnus Muscle

Back 27

Origin: From ischiopubic ramus back to ischial tuberosity adjacent to the origin of hamstring.
Inserts: Along entire back of shaft of femur, down to adductor tubercle on medial supracondylar line.
Upper fibers (horizontal fibers)
Action: Adduct and medially rotate thigh, assist in flexion.
Innervation: Posterior division of obturator
Lower fibers (hamstring esq)
Action: Extend and medially rotate thigh.
Innervation: Tibial division of sciatic nerve.

Front 28

Obturator Externus muscle

Back 28

Origin: From obturator membrane and around foramen.
Inserts: Passes beneath capsule of hip joint and inserts in trochanteric fossa of femur.
Action: Lateral rotator of thigh
Innervation: Posterior division of obturator nerve

Front 29

Gracilis Muscle

Back 29

Origin: Margin of pubis and inferior ischiopubic ramus
Inserts: Below medial condyle to the tibia as part of pes anserinus.
Action: Adducts thigh and insists in flexion of leg at knee
Innervation: Obturator Nerve

Front 30

Muscles supplied by anterior and posterior branch of obturator nerve

Back 30

Anterior: Adductor longus, gracilis, and adductor brevis
Posterior: Obturator Externus and adductor magnus muscle

Front 31

Sesimoid Bone

Back 31

Bone which develops within a tendon. Patella is largest.

Front 32

Job of Patella

Back 32

Increase moment arm of patella and protect distal femur.

Front 33

Action of Pes anserinus muscles on knee

Back 33

Flex and Medially rotate knee

Front 34

On what muscle does the femoral nerve sit?

Back 34

Iliopsoas Muscle

Front 35

What stages of gate are quads active?

Back 35

Heel strike and toe off.

Front 36

What stages of gate are adductors active

Back 36

Heel strike and toe off