Anatomy Unit 21: Superficial Face And Parotid

Front 1

Opthalmic Division of Trigeminal Nerve (Branches and function)

Back 1

Sensory from top of head to front and tip of nose.
-Supraorbital nerve (supraorbital foramen)
-Supratrochlear nerve
-Lacrimal nerve (superior orbital fissure)
-Infratrochelar nerve
-External nasal nerve

Front 2

Maxillary Division of Trigeminal Nerve (Branches and function)

Back 2

Sensory from nose to lips and up side of head.
-Infraorbital nerve (infraorbital foramen)
-Zygomaticotemporal nerve (zygomaticotempral foramen
-Zygomaticofacial nerve (zygomaticofacial foramen)

Front 3

Mandibular Division of Trigeminal Nerve (Branches and function)

Back 3

Motor and Sensory. Motor innervation of muscles of mastication. Sensory of lower lip to chin and up side of head in front of ear.
-Auriculotemporal Nerve
-Buccal Nerve
-Mental Nerve (mental foramen)

Front 4

Superficial Fascia of Face

Back 4

Thin over eyelids, thick over cheeks (which has buccal fat pad).
Contains blood vessels, motor nerves to facial muscles, sensory nerves to skin of face.
Muscles of facial expression pass through it.

Front 5

Deep Fascia

Back 5

Nearly absent over muscles.
Parotid Fascia - thick and strong
Bucoopharyngeal Fascia - covers buccinator muscle and extends posteriorly to cover pharyngeal constrictor muscles.
Temporal Fascia - Strong fascia over temporal fossa attached to superior temporal line and zygomatic arch.

Front 6

Epicranius Muscle

Back 6

Consists of frontal belly and occipital belly connected by galea aponeurotica.
Frontalis
Origin: galea aponeurotica
Insertion: Skin of eyebrow
Action: Draws scalp backwards and elevates eyebrows
Innervation: Temporal of CN 7

Front 7

Orbicularis Oculi Muscle

Back 7

Palpebral Part
Origin: Medial palpebral ligament
Inserts: Lateral palpebral raphe
Action: blinks eye, closes orbit
Innervation: Temporal and zygomatic branch of CN 7
Orbital Part
Origin: Nasal part of frontal bone
Inserts: Frontal process of maxilla
Action: Tightly covers globe. Also helps drain tears.
Innervation temporal and zygomatic branches of CN7

Front 8

Corrugator Supercilli Muscle

Back 8

Origin: Supercilliary arch
Inserts: Skin of medial half of eyebrow
Action:Creates vertical wrinkles in skin between eyebrows
Innervation: Temporal and Zygomatic branches of Cn 7

Front 9

Procerus Muscle

Back 9

Origin: Nasal Bone/Lat. nose cartilage.
Insertes: Skin of lower forehead between eyebrows.
Action: Scrunches between eyebrows
Innervation: Buccal Nerve of Cn 7

Front 10

Nasalis Muscle

Back 10

Transverse Part
Origin: Maxilla Lateral to nose
Inserts: Midline/dorsum of nose/aponeurosis
Action:?
Alar part
Origin: Maxilla, over lateral incisor
Inserts: Alar cartilage of nose
Action: ?
Innervation: Buccal branch of CN 7

Front 11

Levator Labii Superioris Alaque Nasi Muscle

Back 11

Origin: Maxilla/Frontal process
Insert: Alar cartilage of nose and upper lip
Action: Dialates Nostril and raises upper lip (disgust)
Innervation: Buccal branch of CN 7

Front 12

Levator Labii Superioris

Back 12

Origin: Maxilla
Inserts: Skin of upper lip/orbicularis oris muscle
Action: Elevates Upper lip (horse)
Innervation: Buccal Branch of CN 7

Front 13

Levator Anguli Oris Muscle

Back 13

Origin: Maxilla
Inserts: Skin at corner of mouth/obicularis oris muscle
Action: Smiling (mona lisa)
Innervation: Buccal Branch of CN 7

Front 14

Zygomaticus Major Muscle

Back 14

Origin: Zygomatic Bone
Inserts: Skin at corner of mouth/oricularis oris muscle
Action: Pulls corners of mouth upwards and lateral
Innervation: Buccal Branch of CN 7

Front 15

Zygomaticus Minor Muscle

Back 15

Origin: Zygomatic Bone
Inserts: Skin at corner of mouth/oricularis oris muscle
Action: Elevates lateral part of upper lip
Innervation: Buccal Branch of CN 7

Front 16

Buccinator

Back 16

Origin: Pterygomandibular raphe, maxilla, and mandible.
Inserts: Angle of mouth/obicularis oris muscle
Action: Closes lips, chews food, sucking, blowing.

Front 17

Risorius Muscle

Back 17

Origin: Fascia over masseter muscle
Inserts: Skin over corner of mouth
Action: Broadens smile
Innervation: Bucal branch of CN 7

Front 18

Obicularis Oris Muscle

Back 18

Origin: Muscle fibers surrounding the mouth
Inserts: Integument of lips/adjacent muscles
Action: Closes mouth
Innervation: Bucal Branch of CN 7

Front 19

Depressor Anguli Oris Muscle

Back 19

Origin: Mandible
Inserts: Skin at corner of mouth/adjacent muscles
Action: Depresses Lower Lip (presedential)
Innervation: Mandibular branch of CN 7

Front 20

Depressor Labi Inferioris Muscle

Back 20

Origin: Mandible
Inserts: Integument of lower lip/adjacent muscles
Action: Depresses lower lip
Innervation: Mandibular Branch of CN 7

Front 21

Mentalis Muscle

Back 21

Origin: Mandible/incisive fossa
Inserts: Skin of chin
Action: Dimples chin
Innervation: Mandibular Branch of CN 7

Front 22

Platysma Muscle

Back 22

Largest muscle of facial expression
Origin: Superficial fascia, clavical and pectoralis
Inserts: Fascia over lower mandible, skin over lower face
Action: Depresses corners of mouth, widens oral aperture
Innervation: Cervical Branch of CN 7

Front 23

Parotid Gland Relationships

Back 23

Superior: External acoustic meatus and TMJ
Posterior: Mastoid process and SCM
Anterior: Ramus of mandible, masseter, and medial pterygoid muscle
Medial: Styloid process, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, styloglossus muscle, external carotid artery.

Front 24

Structures passing through parotid gland

Back 24

Facial nerve and its branches
retromandibular vein
external carotid artery

Front 25

Structures emerging from margins of parotid gland

Back 25

-Parotid Duct - crosses masseter, pierces buccinator @ lvl of 2nd upper molar
-Superficial temporal artery and vein
-Auriculotemporal Nerve
-Branches of facial nerve
-Transverse facial Artery
-Posterior auricular artery and vein

Front 26

Path of facial nerve pre parotid gland

Back 26

Exits skull via stylomastoid foramen.
Supplies posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscles
gives off posterior auricular nerve
then enters parotid gland

Front 27

5 Branches of facial nerve post parotid gland (Superior to Inferior)

Back 27

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

Front 28

Path of facial artery

Back 28

Leaves external carotid and passes through submandibular gland. Travels up face, gives off inferior and superior labial arteries to the lower and upper lip and continues up face lateral to nose as angular artery.

Front 29

Deep Facial Vein

Back 29

Allows Angular facial vein/facial vein to communicate with pterygoid plexus.

Front 30

Scalp Acronym

Back 30

Skin
Connective tissue (very dense, gaps when cut and bleeds profusely)
Aponeurosis (between here and connective tissue is where blood vessels are)
Loose connective tissue (alows epicranius to move)
Periosteum

Front 31

Nerves of Scalp

Back 31

Trigeminal, anterior primary rammus of C2 and C3 of cervical plexus, posterior primary rammus of c2 and c3

Front 32

Blood supply of scalp

Back 32

Supraorbital and supratrochlear branches of opthalmic artery of internal carotid
Posterior auricular, occipital, maxillary, and superficial temporal branches of external carotid