Anatomy Thorax Starred

Front 1

bony thorax

Back 1

1. thoracic vertebrae
2. ribs
3. sternum

Front 2

osseus boundaries of thoracic inlet

Back 2

1. 1st ribs
2. 1st sternebrae (manubrium)
3. 1st thoracic vertebra (or last cervical vertebra)

Front 3

three major parts of typical vertbra

Back 3

1 spine
2 transverse processes
4 articular (2 cranial and 2 caudal)

Front 4

intervertebral foramen

Back 4

opening b/w adjacent vertebrae allowing passage of the spinal nerves

Front 5

cavities associated with bony thorax

Back 5

1. whole thoracic cavity (2 pleural cavities) -and-
2. intrathoracic part of the abdomen

Front 6

3 ways costal cartilage can terminate

Back 6

1. connect to sternum
2. costal arch
3. end free

Front 7

part of the rib that articulates with contiguous thoracic vertbrae

Back 7

head of the rib

Front 8

articulates with the tubercle of the rib

Back 8

transverse process of the same numbered vertebra

Front 9

formed by the costal cartilages of the last sternal ribs and all the asternal ribs

Back 9

costal arch

Front 10

unpaired bones that make the floor of the bony thorax

Back 10

sternebrae

Front 11

how ribs articulate with thoracic vertebrae

Back 11

head articulates with bodies of contiguous vertbrae and the tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the same numbered

Front 12

distinguishes thoracic vertebrae

Back 12

articular facets (fovea) for ribs

Front 13

how inspiration is accomplished

Back 13

increased size of thorax decreases pressure= air rushes in

Front 14

main respiratory muscle

Back 14

diaphragm

Front 15

2 muscles extending between adjacent ribs

Back 15

external and internal intercostal muscles

Front 16

opening into the thorax

Back 16

thoracic inlet

Front 17

palpable structure formed by the costal cartilages of the false ribs

Back 17

costal arch

Front 18

divides thorax into two spaces

Back 18

mediastinum

Front 19

location of heart

Back 19

(2nd)3rd to (5th)6th intercostal space in the bottom 2/3 of the cavity

Front 20

cylindrical tube extending for the larynx to the lungs

Back 20

trachea

Front 21

covers the trachea in the cranial neck

Back 21

only strap muscles: sternohyoideus and sternothyroideus mm.

Front 22

part of trachea that splits into right and left primary bronchi

Back 22

tracheal bifurcation

Front 23

left lobes of dog lung

Back 23

(2):
1. cranial (cranial and caudal parts)
2. cauda

Front 24

right lobes of dog lung

Back 24

(4):
1. cranial
2. middle
3. caudal
4. accessory

Front 25

brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Back 25

pulmonary veins

Front 26

artery that supplies lung tissue

Back 26

bronchoesophageal artery

Front 27

separates lobes of lungs

Back 27

interlobar fissures

Front 28

thin walled sac of the bronchial trees for gas exchange

Back 28

alveoli

Front 29

radiology term from pulmonary trunk

Back 29

MPA: main pulmonary artery/ segment

Front 30

mediastinum

Back 30

space or wall separating the thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities

Front 31

mediastinum filled by all thoracic organs except

Back 31

lungs

Front 32

fibroserous sac enclosing the heart

Back 32

percardium

Front 33

potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium

Back 33

pericardial cavity

Front 34

located in pericardial cavity

Back 34

scant amount of serous fluid

Front 35

3 layers of the heart

Back 35

1. endocardium
2. myocardium
3. epicardium

Front 36

side of the heart that receives blood from body

Back 36

right side (right atrium): pulmonary side

Front 37

left side of heart part of this circulation

Back 37

systemic circulation, pumps blood to body

Front 38

right atrium receives blood primarily through these 2 veins

Back 38

1. cranial vena cava
2. caudal vena cava

Front 39

side of the heart with right ventricle

Back 39

cranial

Front 40

side of heart with left ventricle

Back 40

caudal

Front 41

vestigial fetal connection from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

Back 41

ligamentum arteriosum

Front 42

adult remnant of the fetal foramen ovale

Back 42

fossa ovale

Front 43

separates the atria

Back 43

interatrial septum

Front 44

thin cords that anchor the AV valves to the papillary muscles

Back 44

chordae tendinae

Front 45

wall separating the two ventricles

Back 45

interventricular septum

Front 46

side of heart with opening into right ventricle

Back 46

right side

Front 47

side of heart with exit of the right ventricle

Back 47

left side (wraps around cranial side)

Front 48

valves of the heart

Back 48

1. right AV: tricuspid
2. left AV: bicuspid/mitral
3. aortic: semilunar
4. pulmonic: semilunar

Front 49

intake valves for ventricles

Back 49

1. right AV: tricuspid
2. left AV: biscuspid

Front 50

function of AV valves

Back 50

prevents backflow during ventricular contraction

Front 51

function of semilunar valves

Back 51

prevents return to heart during diastole

Front 52

3 parts of conduction system of the heart

Back 52

1. sinoatrial (SA) node
2. atrioventricular (AV) node
3. atrioventricular bundle branches

Front 53

term for ventricular contraction

Back 53

ventricular systole

Front 54

ventricular diastole

Back 54

when ventricles relax and fill with blood

Front 55

"shape" and representation of heart sounds

Back 55

1. LUB: closure of AV valves, start of systole
2. DUB: closure of semilunar valve, diastole

Front 56

relation of esophagus to arch of aorta

Back 56

esophagus is normally to the right of the aortic arch

Front 57

returns blood to the right atrium from the head, neck, thoracic limb, and cranial part of the thoracic walls

Back 57

cranial vena cava

Front 58

returns blood from the abdomen, pelvis and pelvic limb

Back 58

caudal vena cava

Front 59

3 fetal structure that bypass the lungs and liver

Back 59

1. ductus arteriosus
2. ductus venosus
3. foramen ovale

Front 60

2 fetal bypasses of the lung circulation

Back 60

1. foramen ovale
2. ductus arteriosus

Front 61

before and after location of ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale

Back 61

pulmonic to systemic circulation

Front 62

adult remnant of ductus arteriosus

Back 62

ligamentum arteriosum

Front 63

adult remnant of foramen ovale

Back 63

fossa ovale

Front 64

adult remnant of umbilical arteries

Back 64

round ligaments of the urinary bladder

Front 65

adult remnant of umbilical vein

Back 65

round ligament of the liver

Front 66

glandular structure located cranial to mediastinum in young animals

Back 66

thymus

Front 67

large lymphatic channel draining the caudal animal

Back 67

thoracic duct: drains from abdomen, pelvis and pelvic limbs

Front 68

lymph nodes near the bifurcation of the trachea

Back 68

tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Front 69

lymphatic structure in cranial medistinum

Back 69

cranial mediastinal lymph node

Front 70

nerves that supply the intercostal muscles and a lot of the thoracic wall

Back 70

intercostal nerves: ventral branches of the thoracic nerves

Front 71

autonomic functions mainly set up by

Back 71

reflex arches: visceral sensory and motor nerves

Front 72

innervation of the visceral effectors of the ANS

Back 72

dual

Front 73

structural difference between ANS and somatic NS

Back 73

ANS has two motor (efferent) fibers instead of one

Front 74

location of preganglionic fiber and postganglionic efferent fiber synapse

Back 74

preganglionic distal to,
outside the CNS

Front 75

ANS controlled by

Back 75

1. cerebral cortex
2. hypothalamus
3. medulla oblongata

Front 76

NTs of ANS

Back 76

1. ACH
2. Nor Epi

Front 77

ANS structures in the neck

Back 77

1. vagosympathetic trunk
2. vertebral nerves

Front 78

sympathetic innervation to pelvis

Back 78

hypogastric nerves

Front 79

parasympathetic innervation to the pelvis

Back 79

pelvic nerves

Front 80

parasympathetic innervation to thorax and abdomen

Back 80

vagus nerve

Front 81

structure in neck which consists of ANS fibers going to and coming from the thorax

Back 81

vagosympathetic trunk

Front 82

direction of motor fibers in the vagosympathetic trunk

Back 82

1. sympathetic: towards head
2. vagus: away from head

Front 83

serosa

Back 83

thin, continuous membrane lining a closed cavity and covering the cavity's organs

Front 84

serosa covers the wall of a cavity

Back 84

parietal serosa

Front 85

serosa covers an organ

Back 85

visceral serosa

Front 86

connects parietal and visceral , or visceral with visceral serosa

Back 86

connecting serosa

Front 87

serosa lining the thoracic cavity

Back 87

pleura

Front 88

location of lungs

Back 88

not in pleural cavities

Front 89

line of pleural reflection

Back 89

point of costal pleura reflects onto diaphragm

Front 90

pleural cupula

Back 90

cranial pleural sac extending out through the thoracic inlet