Anatomy Thorax Bones

Front 1

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular articulation?

Back 1

a saddle type of synovial joint

Front 2

What are the two articualtions fo the clavicle?

Back 2

manubrium part of the sternum and acromion of the scapula

Front 3

Identify numbers 1, 3, and 4.

Back 3

1. acromion
3. spine of the scapula
4. coracoid process

Front 4

What is the first bone in the body to ossify

Back 4

clavicle

Front 5

1) What does failure of the clavicle to fuse cause?

2) What is this confused with in injuries of the upper limb?

Back 5

1)separatation of the outer third and inner 2/3 of the clavicle

2)clavicle fracture

Front 6

The clavicle starts suuperiorly at the 2nd rib and goes to the ______rib.

Back 6

7th rib

Front 7

What is the consequence of the weak attachment of the clavicle to acromion?

Back 7

site of common dislocations

Front 8

T/F: the transfer of energy from the clavicle to the sternum increases the likely hood of fracture.

Back 8

False

Front 9

What vertebral level is the medial end of the scalular spine?

Back 9

T3

Front 10

what articulates in the glenoid fossa of the scapula?

Back 10

the head of the humerus

Front 11

What can happen with posterior dislocations of the clavicle?

Back 11

it can can impinge on the trachea and cause shortness of breath

Front 12

1. which pectoralis muscle serves as an accessory of respiration?

2. How is this done?

Back 12

1. pectoralis minor

2. if it's fixed by holding firmly to a table, it elevates the ribs

Front 13

what is the clinical relevance to lymphatics that lie deep to the pectoralis minor?

Back 13

they cannot be palpated for cancer.

Front 14

Give the rib number for the following:

1. True Ribs

2. False Ribs

3. Floating Ribs

Back 14

1. 1-7

2. 8-10

3. 11 & 12

Front 15

How are false ribs connect to the sternum?

Back 15

indirectly via the cartilage of the rib above it.

Front 16

How do floating ribs attach to the sternum.

Back 16

They don't attach at all

Front 17

In terms of numbering, which vertebra is a rib associated (inferior or superior)?

Back 17

superior

Front 18

what does the tubercle of a rib articulate with?

Back 18

the transverse process of its matched vertebra

Front 19

1. What grooves are seen on the first ribs?

2. Do these grooves sit on the superior or inferior surface?

Back 19

1. Subclavian vein and artery.

2. superior

Front 20

Which rib is smooth, flat and has a tubercle for the serratus anterior muscle?

Back 20

2nd rib

Front 21

What is a rib incision?

Back 21

it is when surgeons remove a piece of a rib for throacic access, where the periosteum is cut along the curve of the rib... the rib regenerate from the remaining periosteum

Front 22

1. Which ribs are most commonly fracture?

2. Which is the weakest part of the rib?

Back 22

1. middle ribs

2. weakest part of the ribs is just anterior to the angle.

Front 23

What the name of the canal that the carries the intercostal VAD?

Back 23

costal groove

Front 24

what is a flail chest and what causes it?

Back 24

1. when a sizeable part of the anterior or lateral throacic wall moves freely due to multiple rib fractures. (the section moves paradoxically-outward on inspiration and inward on experation.

It is very painful and impairs inspiration

Front 25

What is the role of the costal cartilages?

Back 25

contribute to elasticity and prevents fracture of the sternum and the ribs... it calcifies in the elderly

Front 26

1. At what vertebral levels does the manubrium rest?

Back 26

1. T3-T4

Front 27

1. At what vertebral level is the sternal angle (manubrialsternal joint)?

Back 27

1. T-5

Front 28

1. At what vertebral level is the xiphoisternal joint?

Back 28

1. T-9

Front 29

1. At what vertebral level does the body of the sternum rest?

Back 29

T5-T9

Front 30

What is the name of the articular surfaces on the sternum for the ribs?

Back 30

costal notches

Front 31

At what vertebral level is the xiphoid process

Back 31

T-10

Front 32

Are sternal fractures common?

Back 32

no, but crush injuries can occur during traumatic compression of the throcic wall (stering wheel)

Front 33

What type of fracture is seen in the sternum?

Back 33

comminuted fracture (broken into bits)

Front 34

What is a comminuted fracture

Back 34

broken into several pieces

Front 35

what is a median sternectomy?

Back 35

sternum cut down th median plane for surgery, rejoined after surgery and held by wire sutures

Front 36

What diagnostic test is the sternum useful for?

Back 36

sternal biopsies and to obtain samples for bone marrow transplants

Front 37

Which artery is compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome?

Back 37

subclavian artery (between the clavicle and the first rib, which is worsened whent the angle between the neck and the shoulders is increased.)

Front 38

At which vertebral levels are the following?

1. Superior thoracic aperture

2. Inferior throacic aperature

Back 38

1. Superior thoracic aperture: T1 (first rib and manubrium)

2. Inferior throacic aperature: T-12

Front 39

In determining the names of the sternum, rib and cartilage joints, how are the following named?

1. Sternum
2. Ribs
3. Costal cartilatges
4. clavicle

5. give order for naming:
6 what is the name of the joint where the rib joins the vertebra

Back 39

1. Sternum: sterno
2. Ribs: chondral
3. Costal cartilatges: costo
4. clavicle: clavicular
5. Manubrio> sterno> costo > chondral > vertebral
6. costovertebral joint

Front 40

1. What is the site of rib dislocations?

2. What is a possible sequelae of rib dislocations?

Back 40

1. Sternocostal joint

2. damage to nerves, vessels and muscles

Front 41

1. where does does a dislocation occur in a "separation of the ribs?

Back 41

1. at the costochondral joint

Front 42

In passive expiration, what happens to the following?

1. intrathroacic pressure
2. intrathoracic volume
3. Elastic tissue of the lungs
4. intra-abdominal pressure
5. vertical diameter of diaphram
6. transverse diameter of the diaphram

Back 42

1. intrathroacic pressure: increases
2. intrathoracic volume: decrease
3. (once stretched) recoils
4. intra-abdominal pressure: decreases
5. vertical diameter of diaphram: decrease
6. transverse diameter of the diaphram: decrease

Front 43

Upon inspiration what happens to the middle parts of the ribs (which are most lateral)?

Back 43

they rise

Front 44

Because the ribs slop inferiorly off the vertebra, what effect does their elevation have on the manubrium/sternum?

Back 44

inferior -->anterior movement
superior --> posterior movement

Front 45

What type of joint is the intervertebral joint?

Back 45

symphysis (cartilaginous joint)

Front 46

what type of joint is the costovertebral joint?

Back 46

synovial plane joint

Front 47

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Back 47

synovial saddle joint

Front 48

what types of joints are the 2-7 sternocostal joints?

Back 48

synovial plane joints

Front 49

what type of joint is the first sternocostal joint?

Back 49

cartilaginous joint

Front 50

what type of joint is the costochondral joint?

Back 50

cartilaginous joint

Front 51

what type of joint are the interchondral joints

Back 51

synovial plane joint

Front 52

What type of joint is the sternomanubrial joint?

Back 52

cartilaginous (symphysis)

Front 53

what type of joint ist he xiphisternal joint?

Back 53

cartilaginous (synchondrosis)

Front 54

How does paralysis of the diaphram show up radiographically upon inspiriation?

Back 54

paradoxically: thus if right side is paralyzed it wil move superiorly (being forced by the internal organs on that side, which were displaced by the organs on the opposite side that were displaced by the functioning side of the diaphram.)