Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Lymphatic drainage of the breast
|
Medial breast by parasternal nodes; deep breast by axillary nodes; lateral breast by pectoral nodes. Lymphatic obstruction by cancer causes thick leathery skin
|
|
|
Cooper ligaments
|
Attach the mammary gland to the skin. Distortion by breast cancer produces skin dimpling.
|
|
|
Irrigation of the breast
|
Internal thoracic,lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries.
|
|
|
Hematogenous route of breast metastasis to brain
|
Intercostal vein --> external vertebral plexus --> internal venous plexus --> cranial dural sinuses
|
|
|
Throracic outlet syndrome
|
Anomalous cervical rib compresses the lower trunk of brachial plexus, subclavian artery or both. Atrophy of thenar and hypothenar eminences, sensory deficit on medial side of forearm and hand
|
|
|
Boundaries of the mediastinum
|
Laterally by the pleural cavities, anteriorly by sternum, posteriorly by vertebral column.
|
|
|
Structures of the superior mediastinum
|
Thymus, superior vena cava, arch of the aorta, vagus, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct
|
|
|
Branches of the arch of the aorta
|
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
|
|
|
Right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves
|
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve is in the neck and passes under the right subclavian artery to ascend to larynx. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under aortic arch in the thorax to ascend to larynx. Both are branches of vagus nerves.
|
|
|
Landmarks of the trachea
|
From below the cricoid cartilage (C6) to the carina (behind sternal angle)
|
|
|
Landmarks of the esophagus
|
Cricoid cartilage (C6) to esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm (T10). It lies posterior to the trachea.
|
|
|
Structures of the middle mediastinum
|
Pericardium, phrenic nerves, heart
|
|
|
Phrenic nerves
|
Arise from ventral rami of C3, C4, C5. Motor inervation of the diaphragm. Pass through the middle mediastinum lateral to the pericardium.
|
|
|
Structures of the anterior mediastinum
|
Thymus, fat and areolar tissue
|
|
|
Structures of the posterior mediastinum
|
Descending aorta, esophagus, thoracic duct, azygous vein, splachnic nerves, vagus nerves and sympathetic trunk.
|
|
|
Borders of the heart
|
Right border is right atrium; left border is left atrium and ventricle; inferior border is right ventricle.
|
|
|
Surfaces of the heart
|
Posterior surface (base) is left atrium; anterior surface is right ventricle; diaphragmatic surface (inferior) left ventricle
|
