Anatomy Thoracic Cage And Back

Front 1

3 things that make up thoracic cage and back

Back 1

bony thorax
muscular thorax
deep back musculature

Front 2

bony thorax consists of

Back 2

sternum
vertebrae
ribs

Front 3

muscular thorax consists of

Back 3

intercostals
diaphragm

Front 4

thoracic cage osteology
how many bones and what is the breakdown

Back 4

37 bones
-sternum (1)
-manubrium
-gladiolus
-xiphoid process
thoracic vertebrae (12)
ribs (24)
-12 pairs

Front 5

what makes up the sternum

Back 5

7 ossification centers fuse to 3 parts
manubrium: handle
gladiolus: blade of knife
xiphoid process (ensiform process)

Front 6

manubrium

Back 6

suprasternal (jugular) notch
top part of sternum
clavicular notches

Front 7

gladiolus

Back 7

sternal angle (of Louis)

Front 8

xiphoid process

Back 8

ensiform process

Front 9

thoracic inlet

Back 9

superior thoracic aperture
borders
-posterior-body of T1
-medial/lateral-R/L 1st ribs
-anterior-manubrium

Front 10

6 attachments of sterni to clavicle/ribs

Back 10

articular capsule
anterior sternoclavicular lig
posterior sternoclavicular lig
interclavicular lig
costoclavicular lig
articular disk

Front 11

spinal (vertebral) column
5 regions

Back 11

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

Front 12

spinal column
2 curvatures

Back 12

primary
-thoracic/sacral
secondary (compensatory)
-cervical/lumbar

Front 13

@ birth

Back 13

c- 7
T- 12
L- 5
S- 5
C- 4
total 33

Front 14

@ adult

Back 14

C- 7
T-12
L-5
S-1
C-1
total 26

Front 15

abnormal curvatures

Back 15

kyphosis
lordosis
scoliosis

Front 16

kyphosis

Back 16

hunchback
-excess primary thoracic curvature

Front 17

lordosis

Back 17

hollowback
-excess secondary lumbar curvature

Front 18

scoliosis

Back 18

any lateral curvature
<15% is okay

Front 19

intervertebral discs

Back 19

fibrocartilagenous
2 parts
-fibrous outer ring
-anulus fibrosis
-soft interior
-nucleus pulposus- notocord

Front 20

cartilage is ___

Back 20

avascular aneural meaning that it doesn't feel pain

Front 21

1st cervical vertebrae

Back 21

atlas

Front 22

2nd

Back 22

axis

Front 23

7th

Back 23

vertebra prominens

Front 24

other 2 named vertebrae

Back 24

sacrum and coccyx

Front 25

the remainders are named simply after ___

Back 25

location (i.e. C, T, L) and level (i.e. T4)

Front 26

btw 1st and 2nd cervical

Back 26

atlo-axial joint = "no"
lateral rotation

Front 27

alto-occipital

Back 27

= 'yes'

Front 28

"typical" thoracic vertebrae has

Back 28

a body and a neural (vertebral) arch

Front 29

he body consists of

Back 29

superior costal facet(s)
inferior costal facet(s)

Front 30

neural (verteral) arch

Back 30

consist of pedicle(s)
lamina(e)

Front 31

pedicle(s)

Back 31

superior vertebral notch
inferior vertebral notch

Front 32

lamina(e)

Back 32

spinous process
transverse process(es)
-transverse costal facet
superior articular process(es)/facet(s)
inferior articular process(es)/facet(s)

Front 33

zygopophyseal joint

Back 33

prevents a lot of twisting

Front 34

ribs fit between

Back 34

a suprior costal facet and an inferior costal facet

Front 35

cervical vertebrae (typical)

Back 35

transverse foramina
uncal process(es)
superior articular facet direction
bifid spinous process (c2-c6)
c1 has no spine
c7 has a single spine
transverse process
-anterior tubercle
-spinal (neural) sulcus
-posterior tubercle

Front 36

transverse process

Back 36

anterior tubercle
spinal (neural) sulcus
posterior tubercle

Front 37

atlas

Back 37

has no body or spine
just a bony ring and smooth and flattened articular facets on which occipital bones lie, missing a lot of features

Front 38

tubercle of rib articulates with

Back 38

transverse process

Front 39

thoracic cage consists of

Back 39

ribs (12 pairs)
true ribs- vertebrosternal (7)
false ribs- vertebrochondral (3)
-vertebral (2) (floating ribs)

Front 40

floating ribs

Back 40

c11 and c12 have no cartilage to connect up to sternum

Front 41

head of rib articulates with

Back 41

body of vertebrae

Front 42

"typical" rib features

Back 42

head
-crista capituli
-superior/inferior facets
neck
tubercle
-tubercular articular facet
shaft
costal groove

Front 43

external intercostals for inspiratory

Back 43

each muscle pull up and out the rib below

Front 44

internal intercostals for

Back 44

expiratory- pull down and in

Front 45

what is the most important thing for inspiratory?

Back 45

thoraco-abdominal diaphragm

Front 46

intercostal muscles

Back 46

external intercostals
interal intercostals
innermost intercostals
tranversus thoracis m.
neurovascular plane btw 2 & 3

Front 47

intercostal muscles

Back 47

external (inspiratory)
internal (expiratory)
innermost (expiratory)

Front 48

the diaphragm is ___ on outside and ___ on inside

Back 48

muscular on outside and tendenous on inside

Front 49

deep muscles thorax-breathing

Back 49

external intercostal muscles
-lift the ribcage during inspiration
internal intercostal muscles
-may aid expiration during heavy breathing

Front 50

deep muscles- thorax- breathing
innervated by the

Back 50

phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

Front 51

inspiration

Back 51

major--> TA diaphragm, external intercostals
sternocleidomastoid
pec. minor
erector spinae group (3 muscles in back that help in deep breathing)

Front 52

expiration

Back 52

internal intercostals
abdominals

Front 53

what are the 3 types of expansion during respiration of the thoracic cage

Back 53

superoinferior
lateral
anteroposterior

Front 54

muscles of the vertebral column has ___

Back 54

trunk extension

Front 55

trunk extension consists of

Back 55

deep muscles of the back
erector spinae group
lower back

Front 56

deep muscles of the back

Back 56

maintain normal curvatures of the spine
form a column from sacrum to the skull

Front 57

erector spinae group is the ____

Back 57

largest of the deep back muscles
-iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

Front 58

lower back

Back 58

quadratus lumborum
-from iliac crest to twelfth rib

Front 59

pleural cavities have ____

Back 59

1 pleura
2 layers but same membrane; continuous

Front 60

serous membrane

Back 60

secretes fluid in space it surrounds and lubricates it
-all pleural cav, mediastinum, sup med, etc have

Front 61

parietal pleura

Back 61

outside (chest wall)

Front 62

the thorax primarly consists of ____ separated by the _____

Back 62

2 pleural cavities separated by the mediastinum

Front 63

the mediastinum is divided by a _____ through the ____ angle of Louis to the T4/T5 disk,

Back 63

is divided by a transverse plane through the sternal angle of Louis to the T4/T5 disk separating into

Front 64

separating into a...

Back 64

superior mediastinum
inferior mediastinum

Front 65

inferior mediastum consists of

Back 65

anterior mediastinum
middle mediastinum (biggest, contains the heart)
posterior

Front 66

pleural cavities

Back 66

viscus (an internal organ) (pl. viscera)

parietal pleura
visceral pleura

Front 67

parietal pleura

Back 67

attached to the chest wall

Front 68

visceral pleura

Back 68

attached to the organ

Front 69

heart 2/3 is ____ of the midline

Back 69

2/3 is left of midline

Front 70

right lung is ___ % of total lung volume

Back 70

55%

Front 71

trachea

Back 71

hollow cervicothoracic viscus
lower respiratory organ
approximately 3.5-5" long
courses typically from C6 superiorly (laryngo-tracheal junc) to T5 inferiorly (carina, division into maintain)

Front 72

how long is the trachea

Back 72

3.5-5"

Front 73

courses typically from

Back 73

c6 superiorly (laryngo-tracheal junction) to

Front 74

from the c6 posteriorly to

Back 74

T5 inferiorly (carina, division into mainstem bronchi)

Front 75

c6 vertebral level

Back 75

anterior tubercle of c6
-carotid tubercle
laryngo-tracheal junction level
pharyngo-esophageal junction level

Front 76

what are the 2 levels that c6 vertebral levels divides into

Back 76

laryngo-tracheal junction
pharyngo-esophageal junction

Front 77

mainstem bronchi (2)

Back 77

left
right
-shorter, wider, more vertically dropped

Front 78

mainstem bronchi is also known as

Back 78

primary bronchi
pulmonary bronchi
extrapulmonary bronchi

Front 79

lobar bronchi

Back 79

there are 5
one to each lobe of the lung
right 3
left 2
also known as: secondary bronchi

Front 80

segmental bronchi

Back 80

there are 18
one to each bronchopulmonary segment

Front 81

right
superior
middle
inferior

Back 81

3
2
5

Front 82

left
superior
inferior

Back 82

4
4

Front 83

each bronchopulmonary segment serves as

Back 83

functionally independent unit of lung tissue

Front 84

more people choke on what side of the trachea

Back 84

the right side

Front 85

primary 1 degree
secondary 2 degrees
tertiary 3 degrees

Back 85

mainstem
lobar
segmental

Front 86

nerves of the thorax

Back 86

-phrenic nerve (c3,4,5)
-vagus nerve (CN X) - recurrent laryngeal n.
-intercostal nn (11 pairs)
accessory phrenic n. (occasional)
autonomic nerves

Front 87

phrenic nerve is

Back 87

c3,4,5

Front 88

vagus nerve

Back 88

CN X
recurrent laryngeal n.

Front 89

vessels of the thorax

Back 89

arterial
-ascending aorta
-aortic arch
-descending aorta
-supreme intercostal a.
-internal thoracic a.
-pulmonary trunk

Front 90

aortic arch

Back 90

brachiocephalic a.
L. common carotid a.
L. subclavian a.

Front 91

descending aorta

Back 91

posterior intercostal aa (usually 3-11)
L. bronchial aa. (usually 2)
R. bronchial a. often a branch of 3rd posterior intercostal a.

Front 92

internal thoracic a.

Back 92

and its branches from last time

Front 93

pulmonary trunk consists of

Back 93

R/L pulmonary aa.

Front 94

vessels of the thorax

Back 94

venous
-superior vena cava
-inferior vena cava
-pulmonary veins

Front 95

superior vena cava

Back 95

breaks down to brachiocephalic
-internal jugular v.
-subclavian v.
-external jugular v.
-inferior thyroid v. (usually only Brachiocephalic tributary)

Front 96

azygous vein

Back 96

-R. posterior intercostal vv. (~4-11)
-right superior intercostal v.
-R. posterior intercostal vv. (1-3)
-hemiazygous v.
-left posterior intercostal vv. (~7-11)
-accessory hemiazygous v.

Front 97

azygous vein loops ____

Back 97

over hilum of right lung

Front 98

aortic arch lopps over

Back 98

hilum of left lung

Front 99

phrenic nerve travels ____

Back 99

anteriorly to the root of the lung

Front 100

vagus nerve (CN X) travels

Back 100

posterior to the root of the lung

Front 101

phrenic nerve sits on top of

Back 101

ant. scalene

Front 102

what are there more of... spinal nerves of vertebrae for cervical?

Back 102

more spinal nerves