Anatomy- Thigh

Front 1

What is the name of the deep fascia in the thigh and what reinforces it laterally?

Back 1

1.fascia lata
2.reinforced laterally by iliotibial tract

Front 2

How does the great saphenous vein ascend?

Back 2

medially it ascends cutaneously

Front 3

Follow the path of the saphenous vein from foot to its joining the femoral vein.

Back 3

1.dorsal venous arch, anterior to medial malleolus
2.crosses lower 1/3 of medial surface of tibia
3.runs 1cm posterior to tibial medial border
4. runs a handwidth posterior to the patella at the knee
5.runs up and passes through the fascia lata(saphenous opening)
6. joins femoral vein 4cm inferolateral to pubic tubercle

*runs mostly on anterior/medial side of leg except runs posterior at knee joint*

Front 4

Where and with what does the great saphenous vein anastomose?

Back 4

with small saphenous vein below the knee

Front 5

What is another use for the great saphenous vein?

Back 5

can be harvested to be used for coronary bypass surgery

Front 6

What causes varicose veins?

Back 6

reduced elasticity and incompetent valves in the veins

Front 7

What are the superficial branches of the femoral artery?

Back 7

1.superficial external pudendal artery
2. superficial epigastric artery
3. superficial circumflex iliac artery

Front 8

Where does the superficial external pudendal artery run and what does it supply?

Back 8

1.crosses anterior to spermatic cord
2. supplies scrotum and labium majus

Front 9

Where does the superficial epigastric artery run?

Back 9

runs subcutaneously upward toward the umbilicus

Front 10

Where does the superficial circumflex iliac artery run?

Back 10

runs laterally and inferior to the inguinal ligament

Front 11

What are the 2 types of inguinal lymph nodes?

Back 11

1.superficial
2.deep

Front 12

What are the two types of superficial lymph nodes and what are their functions?

Back 12

1.superior horizontal-drain subcut. tissues of anterior abdominal wall below umbilicus, the penis and scrotum or vulva and distal vagina, gluteal region, perineum, and distal anal canal
2. inferior vertical- receives most lymph vessels from lower limb along saphenous vein

Front 13

Where do the cutaneous nerves of the thigh come from?

Back 13

ventral rami of L1,2,3,4

Front 14

What are the cutaneous nerves of the thigh and where do the pierce the deep fascia?

Back 14

1.intermediate cutaneous nerve
2. medial cutaneous nerve
3. saphenous nerve
pierce deep facia along the upper border of the sartorius

Front 15

What is the femoral sheath?

Back 15

1.prolongation of extraperitoneal areolar tissue whcih envelops external iliac vessels in the abdomen

Front 16

What do each of the three compartments of the femoral sheath contain?

Back 16

1.lateral-femoral artery
2. middle- femoral vein
3. medial-femoral canal(lymph vessels and deep nodes/where femoral hernia appears)

Front 17

What is the femoral ring?

Back 17

the mouth of the femoral canal

Front 18

What is the femoral ring bounded by?

Back 18

1.laterally by femoral vein
2.posteriorly by superior ramus of pubic bone
3. medially by lacunar ligament and conjoint tendon
4. anteriorly by inguinal ligament and round ligament of uterus or spermatic cord

Front 19

What attaches on the intertrochanteric line?

Back 19

anterior attachment of iliofemoral ligament

Front 20

What attaches to the lesser trochanter and which direction does it face?

Back 20

1.attachment of iliopsoas muscle
2. points medially

Front 21

What bony landmark appears on the shaft of the femur?

Back 21

linea aspera

Front 22

What makes up the femoral triangle?

Back 22

1.base-inguinal ligament
2. apex-10cm inferior to cross of sartorius over lateral edge of adductor longus

Front 23

Where does the femoral artery begin?

Back 23

the mid-inguinal point, anterior to femoral head

Front 24

Where does the femoral artery leave the femoral triangle and where does it go?

Back 24

at its apex where it enters the adductor canal

Front 25

What is contained in the femoral triangle?

Back 25

1.femoral vein, artery, and nerve, and branches
2. deep inguinal lymph nodes
3. deep femoral artery and vein and circumflex branches

Front 26

What are the branches of the deep femoral artery?

Back 26

1.medial femoral circumflex artery
2. lateral femoral circumflex artery

Front 27

Where does the medial femoral circumflex artery run after branching off of the deep femoral artery?

Back 27

leaves the femoral triangle between pectineus and iliopsoas

Front 28

Where does the lateral femoral circumflex artery run after branching off of the deep femoral artery?

Back 28

1.passes laterally through or posterior to branches of the femoral nerve
2. disappears below the sartorius and rectus femoris muscle and terminates in 3 branches.

Front 29

Where does the femoral vein run in the femoral triangle?

Back 29

1.lies medial to femoral artery in femoral sheath
2. slips posterior to the artery at the apex

Front 30

Of the saphenous, femoral, inferior vena cava, and common iliac veins; which contain valves?

Back 30

valves:saphenous and femoral veins
no valves: inferior vena cava and common iliac veins

Front 31

What is the order of structures lateral to medial in the femoral triangle?

Back 31

femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein

Front 32

What 2 branches of the femoral nerve follow the femoral artery on its lateral side into the adductor canal and what is their function?

Back 32

1.nerve to vastus medialis (motor)
2. saphenous nerve (sensory)

Front 33

What muscle does the femoral nerve lie anterior to above the inguinal ligament?

Back 33

iliacus

Front 34

What does the femoral artery lie anterior to near the inguinal ligament?

Back 34

psoas major tendon

Front 35

What does the femoral vein and most of the lymph vessels lie anterior to in the femoral triangle near the inguinal ligament?

Back 35

pectineus

Front 36

What is the adductor canal (of Hunter), where does it end, and what encloses it?

Back 36

1.outlet of femoral triangle
2. ends 10cm above adductor tubercle
3. encloses by sartorius

Front 37

Where is the adductor tubercle of the femur located?

Back 37

1.just superior to the medial condyle of the femur
2. where the medial line of the linea apsera ends in the distal femur

Front 38

What makes up the walls of the adductor canal?

Back 38

1.sartorius anteriorly
2. iliopsoas and vastus medialis laterally
3. adductors(magnus and longus) posteromedially

Front 39

What are the adductor muscles in the thigh from superior to inferior?

Back 39

1. adductor brevis
2. adductor longus
3. adductor magnus
4. adductor gracilis

Front 40

Where do the adductor brevis, longus, and magnus muscles in the thigh attach?

Back 40

1.from pubis and ischium
2.linea aspera

Front 41

Where does the adductor brevis lie?

Back 41

between pectineus and adductor longus

Front 42

Where does the adductor magnus lie?

Back 42

between adductor longus and gracilis

Front 43

What is the distal attachment of the adductor magnus?

Back 43

adductor tubercle

Front 44

Where does the adductor longus lie?

Back 44

between adductor brevis and magnus

Front 45

What are the attachments of the gracilis muscle?

Back 45

1.body and inferior pubic ramus
2. medial surface of tibia

Front 46

Where does the gracilis lie?

Back 46

deep to sartorius

Front 47

What is contained in the adductor canal?

Back 47

1.femoral artery which becomes popliteal artery
2. saphenous nerve
3. nerve to vastus medialis

Front 48

What does the femoral artery become in the adductor canal?

Back 48

popliteal artery

Front 49

What are the attachments of the sartorius?

Back 49

1.anterior superior iliac spine
2. medial surface of tibia(medial to tuberosity)

Front 50

What innervates the sartorius?

Back 50

femoral nerve

Front 51

What is the name of the position when the sartorius is contracted?

Back 51

tailor's position(leg crossed)

Front 52

What is a hip pointer?

Back 52

bruise at the top of the iliac crest

Front 53

What are the four sections of the quadriceps femoris?

Back 53

1.rectus femoris
2.vastus lateralis
3.vastus intermedius
4.vastus medialis

Front 54

What are the attachments of the rectus femoris?

Back 54

1.anterior inferior iliac spine(straight head) and acetabular margin (reflected head)
2.tibial tuberosity,base of patella

Front 55

What is the function of the rectus femoris?

Back 55

1.flexes thigh
2.extends leg
3.flexes hip joint

Front 56

What are the attachments of the vastus lateralis?

Back 56

1.aponeurosis from lateral lip of linea aspera
2.tibial tuberosity, lateral side of patella

Front 57

What are the attachments of the vastus intermedius?

Back 57

1.upper shaft of femur(anterior and lateral aspects)
2.tibial tuberosity, upper border of patella
3.also attaches to synovial capsul of knee and retracts the capsule upon knee extension

Front 58

What are the attachments of the vastus medialis?

Back 58

1.aponeurosis from medial lip of linea aspera
2.tibial tuberosity, medial side of patella

Front 59

What is the distal portion of the quardriceps femoris tendon called?

Back 59

patella ligament

Front 60

How do you test the quadriceps femoris strength?

Back 60

Patient lies on back, and extends the leg 170 degrees. You try to flex the leg at the knee while the patient resists.

Front 61

Where does the internervous line run in the pelvic region and what does it separate?

Back 61

1.runs vertically down from anterior superior iliac spine
2. runs between the motor territories of the gluteal and femoral nerves

Front 62

What makes up the anterior wall of the posterior region of the thigh?

Back 62

1.adductor magnus
2.vastus lateralis

Front 63

What is contained in the posterior and medial region of the thigh?

Back 63

1.hamstring muscles
2.sciatic nerve
3.posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
4. vessels

Front 64

What makes up the hamstring muscle?

Back 64

1.long head of the biceps femoris
2. short head of the biceps femoris
3.semitendinosus
4.semimembranosus

Front 65

Where do the hamstring muscles attach?

Back 65

1.arise from ischial tuberosity
2.insert into tibia or fibula

Front 66

What innervates the hamstring muscles?

Back 66

tibial division of the sciatic nerve

Front 67

What is the function of the hamstring muscles?

Back 67

extend hip and flex knee joint

Front 68

Where does the long head of the biceps femoris attach proximally and distally?

Back 68

1.ischial tuberosity
2.head of fibula

Front 69

Where does the short head of the biceps femoris attach?

Back 69

1.linea aspera,lateral supracondylar line, and lateral intermuscular septum
2. head of fibula

Front 70

What innervates the short head of the biceps femoris?

Back 70

peroneal division of sciatic nerve

Front 71

What is the function of the biceps femoris?

Back 71

1.extends thigh
2.flexes and rotates leg laterally

Front 72

Where do the semimebranous and semitendinous muscles attach distally?

Back 72

medial head of the tibia

Front 73

What is the function of the semimembranous and semitendinous muscles?

Back 73

1.extend the thigh
2.flex and medially rotate the leg

Front 74

What part of the hamstring muscles are most likely torn when a hamstring injury occurs?

Back 74

proximal attachments to the ischial tuberosity

Front 75

Where is the sciatic nerve accessible on the posterior thigh?

Back 75

between the gluteus maximus and long head of the biceps femoris

Front 76

What does the sciatic nerve divide into and where does it do it?

Back 76

1.tibial and peroneal nerves
2.deep to biceps femoris

Front 77

What innervates the muscles of the medial region of the thigh?

Back 77

obturator nerve

Front 78

What is the function of the muscles from the medial region of the thigh?

Back 78

adduct, flex, and medially rotate thigh

Front 79

What vascularizes the muscles of the medial region of the thigh?

Back 79

deep femoral artery and obturator arteries

Front 80

What muscles make up the medial region of the thigh?

Back 80

1.pectineus
2.adductor longus
3. adductor gracilis
4.adductor brevis
5. adductor magnus
6.obturator externus

Front 81

What is the pectineus's proximal attachment?

Back 81

pectineal line on pubic bone

Front 82

What are the attachments of the obturator externus?

Back 82

1.margin of obturator foramen and membrane
2. intertrochanteric fossa of femur(medially under the greater trochanter)

Front 83

What is a femoral hernia?

Back 83

When abdominal viscera (bowel loop) protrudes though the femoral ring into the femoral canal.

Front 84

What vertebral levels make up the obturator nerve?

Back 84

L2,3,4

Front 85

Where does the obturator nerve divide into anterior and posterior divisions?

Back 85

past the obturator foramen

Front 86

What nerve becomes the only cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve and what muscle does it innervate?

Back 86

1.nerve to the gracilis
2.gracilis

Front 87

What is the path of the deep femoral artery?

Back 87

1.arises from lateral side of femoral artery below inguinal ligament
2.posterior to femoral vessels at apex of femoral triangle
3.descends with adductors
4.has branches to muscles, hip, and knee joints

Front 88

What are the branches of the deep femoral artery and what are their branches?

Back 88

1.lateral femoral circumflex (ascending, transverse, and descending branches)
2.medial femoral circumflex (transverse and ascending branches)
3. 1st, 2nd,3rd, and 4th perforating branches-hug shaft of femur and provide it nutrients
4. muscular

Front 89

What makes up the cruciate anastomosis?

Back 89

1.medial circumflex artery
2.lateral circumflex artery
3.inferior gluteal artery
4.1st perforating artery