Anatomy Test 3 Respiratory

Front 1

function

Back 1

respiration--exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) with the environment

Front 2

four processes of respiration

Back 2

1. ventilation

2. external respiration

3. gas transport via blood

4. internal respiration

Front 3

internal respiration

Back 3

gas diffuses between blood and cells

Front 4

external repiration

Back 4

gas diffuses between lungs and blood

Front 5

ventilation

Back 5

move air in/out of lungs

Front 6

respiration functions of the respiratory system

Back 6

1. ventilation

2. external respiration

Front 7

respiration functions of the cardiovascular system

Back 7

1. gas transport via blood

2. internal respiration

Front 8

zones

Back 8

1. conducting zone

2. respiratory zone

Front 9

conducting zone

Back 9

1. ventilation process

2. passageways for air; no diffusion

3. external nose through most tubes in lungs

Front 10

respiratory zne

Back 10

1. the anatomical zone where oxygen diffuses into blood

2. external respiration process

3. pulmonary alveoli

4. respiratory bronchioles

Front 11

glands that secrete mucus to tap debris

Back 11

1. goblet cells (1 celled glands)--in mucosal epithelium

2. seromucous glands--in lamina propria and submucosa

Front 12

organs of the respiratory system

Back 12

1. external nose

2. nasal cavity

3. paranasal sinuses

4. pharynx

5. larynx

6. trachea

7. primary bronchi

8. lungs

Front 13

external nose

Back 13

includes external nares--nostrils (entrance/exit)

Front 14

nasal cavity

Back 14

1. nasal septum separates L and R nasal cavities

2. psuedostratified ciliated columnar

3. debris are swept posteriorly to be swallowed

4. highly vascularized lamina propria--warms and moistens the inspired air

Front 15

paranasal sinuses

Back 15

paired air spaces in the bones of skull

1. connect to nasal cavities by drainage ducts

2. warm and moisten the inspired air

3. sinusitis--sinus infection

Front 16

pharyns

Back 16

where respiratory/digestive tracts intersect

3 divisions

1. during swallowing soft palate folds upward to seal off nasopharynx

Front 17

divisions of the pharynx

Back 17

1. nasopharynx

2. oropharynx

3. laryngoparynx

Front 18

larynx functions

Back 18

1. "gateway" to the lungs

2. speech ("voicebox")

Front 19

larynx structures

Back 19

most are hyaline cartilage

1. thyroid cartilage

2. cricoid cartilage

3. arytenoid cartilage

4. epiglottis

5. vocal folds--true vocal cords

6. vestibular folds--false vocal cords

Front 20

thyroid cartilage

Back 20

1. laryngeal prominence--"adams apple", larger in males

2. most superior

Front 21

cricoid cartilage

Back 21

inferior to thyroid cartilage

Front 22

arytenoid cartilage

Back 22

attached to back of cricoid cartilage

Front 23

epiglottis process and type of cartilage

Back 23

1. swallowing elevates the larynx

2. epiglottis passively tiltes down

3. laryngeal inlet (opening) closes

made of elastic cartilage

Front 24

vocal folds

Back 24

true vocal cords

1. vibrated by air to produce sound

2. rima glottidis--opening between vocal folds

3. glottis--rima glottidis and vocal folds

4. attached directly to thyroid cartilage at anterior end and arytenoid cartilages at posterior end

5. open/close by moving arytenoid cartilages in transverse plane

Front 25

vocal folds control of pitch

Back 25

cricoid cartilage moves in sagittal plane (around joint between cricoid and thyroid), carries arytenoid cartilages along

-->increases tension in vocal cords so higher pitch

Front 26

vestibular folds

Back 26

false vocal cords

1. superior to vocal folds

2. no direct role in most sound production

3. important for holding the breath against pressure in the thoracic cavity

Front 27

trachea location

Back 27

mediastinum

Front 28

trachea

Back 28

1. rings of hyaline cartilage to prevent collapse

2. smooth muscle

3. elastic connective tissue for elastic recoil (more efficient ventilation)

4. ciliated pseudostratified columnar

*** same tissues continue through most of the conducting zone

Front 29

primary bronchi

Back 29

1. first part of the bronchial tree

2. the only bronchi outside the lungs

3. located in the mediastinum

Front 30

what do the lungs contain?

Back 30

1. most of bronchial tree (except for primary bronchi)--part of conducting zone

2. pulmonary alveoli--part of respiratory zone

Front 31

pleurae

Back 31

the serous membranese surrounding the lungs

Front 32

superficial to deep pleurae

Back 32

1. parietal pleura

2. pleural cavity--space

3. visceral pleura

Front 33

pleural cavity

Back 33

space

1. contains pleural fluid

2. slight vacuum is important for breathing

Front 34

divisions of the lungs

Back 34

1. lobes

2. broncopulmonary segments

Front 35

lobes of lungs

Back 35

1. left lung--2 lobes

2. right lung--3 lobes

Front 36

number of bronchopulmonary segments

Back 36

about 10 per lung

Front 37

bronchial tree

Back 37

1. connects trachea to alveoli

2. right and left primary (main) bronchi (outside lung)

Front 38

secondary (lobar) bronchi

Back 38

1 per main bronchi

Front 39

tertiary (segmental bronchi)

Back 39

1 per secondary bronchi

Front 40

bronchioles size

Back 40

<1 mm

Front 41

nasopharynx

Back 41

connects to the nasal cavity, non keritinized stratified squamous epithelium

Front 42

oropharynx

Back 42

--connects to the oral cavity, ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Front 43

laryngopharynx

Back 43

--connects to larynx and esophogus, ciliated pseudostratified epithelium