Anatomy Test 3 Head And Neck

Front 1

What are the 5 muscles of the suprahyoid?

Back 1

-Digastric (ant/post belly), geniohyoid, stylohyoid, mylohyoid

Front 2

What are the 4 muscles of infrahyoid?

Back 2

- thyrohyoid, omohyoid (upper/lower belly), sternohyoid, sternothyroid

Front 3

What 4 muscles do the mandibular nerve CN V3 innervate?

Back 3

- Temporalis, massester, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid

Front 4

What innervates digastric?

Back 4

- facial and mandibular nerves

Front 5

What innervates styolohyoid?

Back 5

- facial nerve

Front 6

What innervates mylohyoid?

Back 6

Mandibular nerve

Front 7

What innervates geniohyoid?

Back 7

Nerve to geniohyoid

Front 8

What 3 muscles do the ansa cervicalis from cervical plexus (C1-C3)?

Back 8

- omoyhoid, sternohyoid, sternohyoid,

Front 9

What innervates thyrohyoid?

Back 9

- C1 via hypoglossal

Front 10

What action does the lateral pterygoid perform?

Back 10

- acting bilaterally, protracts mandible and depresses chin; acting unilaterally, swings jaw toward contralateral side; alternate unilateral contraction produces larger lateral chewing movements

Front 11

What 2 muscles elevate the mandible?

Back 11

- temporalis
- masseter

Front 12

First Mandibular Artery

Back 12

- middle meningeal artery- via foramen spinosum, dura mater
- inferior alveolar artery- supplies mandible, mandibular teeth, chin, mylohyoid muscle

Front 13

Second Pterygoid Artery

Back 13

- Deep temporal artery- mainly muscle
- Buccal artery- runs w/ buccal nerve~fat pad, buccinators, oral mucosa

Front 14

Third Pterygoidpalatine Artery

Back 14

Posterior superior alveolar artery- maxilarry molar and premolar teeth
- infra orbital artery- inferior oblique, maxillary caninines and incisors
- Sphenopalatine Artery- terminal branch of maxillary artery; nasal cavity, frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoid, maxially sinuses, anteriormost palate

Front 15

What are the arteries of SALFOPSM?

Back 15

- Superior thyroid artery, Ascending pharyngeal artery, Lingual artery, Facial artery, Occipital artery, posterior auricular artery, superior temporal artery, maxillary artery.

Front 16

What does the precentral gyrus make up?

Back 16

- motor area

Front 17

what does postcentral gyrus make up?

Back 17

- sensory area

Front 18

Cerebrum

Back 18

- consist of hemispheres and lobes
o temporal, occipital, frontal, parietal
• hearing, vision, higher learning, spatial awareness
- central sulcus
- precentral gyrus
- postcentrral gyrus

Front 19

Dienchephalon

Back 19

- consists of thalamus (relay system) and hypothalamus (hunger, thirst)

Front 20

Brainstem (necessary for life)

Back 20

- consist of medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

Front 21

Cerebellum

Back 21

- balance and motor coordination

Front 22

Motor (efferent)

Back 22

Motor fibers to voluntary skeletal muscles [GSE]
– Motor fibers to involuntary cardiac/smooth muscles or glands [GVE] *hint...this is all autonomic nervous system control!
– Motor fibers to voluntary skeletal muscles in the head & neck that undergo a specific process during development [SVE] – these are known as “branchiomeric” structures; pharyngeal arches

Front 23

• Sensory (afferent)

Back 23

General sensation (touch, heat, pressure, etc.) [GSA]
- – Sensations from the viscera (stretching, etc.) [GVA]
- – Unique/special sensations (hearing, balance, smell, etc.) [SSA/SVA]
Olfactory CN 1

Front 24

Olfactory CN 1

Back 24

Type: Sensory (nose)
• Foramen: cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
• Function: Sense of smell
– Also plays an important aspect in regards to taste (bring back memories of eating foods while having a sinus infection...didn’t taste the same did it?)
• Clinical Correlates: anosmia, olfactory hallucinations

Front 25

Optic CN II

Back 25

Type: Sensory (eyes)
• Foramen: Optic canal of sphenoid bone
• Function: Vision
– Lack of vision in certain areas can be indicative of several pathologies
• Clinical Correlates: Visual field deficits demyelinating diseases, optic neuritis

Front 26

Oculomotor CN III

Back 26

Type: Motor (eye)
• Foramen: Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone
• Function: Motor to the majority of the muscles of the eye (AO3)
– Assists with movements of the eye; constriction of the pupil (GVE)
• Clinical Correlates: movement deficits; pupillary light response, cerebral aneurysms

Front 27

Trochlear CN IV

Back 27

Type: Motor (eye)
• Foramen: Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone
– Arises from the dorsal side of the contralateral brainstem
• Function: Motor to the superior oblique muscle (SO4)
• Clinical Correlates: diplopia while looking down (as in walking down stairs)

Front 28

Trigeminal CN V

Back 28

Type: Both motor & sensory to face
• Foramen:
– V1:superiororbitalfissure – V2:foramenrotundum
– V3:foramenovale
• Function: Motor to the muscles of mastication & sensation to the face
- V1:OphthalmicNerve – V2:MaxillaryNerve
– V3:MandibularNerve
• Clinical Correlates: tic douloureux; loss of corneal reflex; dental anesthesia

Front 29

Abducens CN VI

Back 29

Type: Motor (eye)
• Foramen: Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone
• Function: motor to the lateral rectus muscle (LR6); abduction of the eye
• Clinical Correlates: medial strabismus, abducent nerve palsy

Front 30

Facial CN VII

Back 30

Type: Both motor & sensory to the face
• Foramen: Internal acoustic meatus & Stylomastoid foramen
• Function: Motor to the muscles of facial expression & branchial motor (SVE); sensation; parasympathetic innervation to a few salivary glands (GVE); taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
• Clinical Correlates: Bell Palsy, corneal reflex

Front 31

Vestibulocochlear CN VIII

Back 31

Type: Sensory (ear)
• Foramen: Internal acoustic meatus
• Function: Balance & hearing – Vestibular Nerve: balance
& equilibrium
– Cochlear Nerve: hearing
• Clinical Correlates: Vertigo, deafness: conductive & sensorineural

Front 32

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Back 32

Type: Both motor & sensory to the throat
• Foramen: Jugular foramen
• Function: Motor to the stylopharyngeus muscle; sensation of the pharynx; innervation carotid sinus & body & parotid gland; sensation of taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
• Clinical Correlates: Gag reflex, lesions

Front 33

Vagus CN X

Back 33

Type: Both motor & sensory to the pharynx & rest of the body
• Foramen: Jugular foramen
• Function: A WHOLE LOT!
– Sensationofthepharynx
– Parasympathetic innervation & sensation of/from the organs
– Branchialmotortothe palate/pharynx
– Tastenearepiglottis;vocal chords
• Clinical Correlates: dysphagia, dyaphonia or aphonia, respiratory stidor, and various issues with the organs if damaged

Front 34

Spinal Accessory CN XI

Back 34

Type: Motor (neck)
• Foramen: Jugular foramen & Foramen magnum
• Function: Motor to the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles
• Clinical Correlates: deficits

Front 35

Hypoglossal CN XII

Back 35

-Type: Motor (tongue)
• Foramen: Hypoglossal canal
• Function: motor to the muscles of the tongue (intrinsic & extrinisic)
• Clinical Correlates: ipsilateral tongue paralysis & atrophy

Front 36

Carotid Sinus

Back 36

- baroreceptor reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure; innervated mostly by the CN IX as well as CN X

Front 37

Carotid Body

Back 37

chemoreceptor -monitors the level of oxygen in the blood
-stimulated by low levels of oxygen in the blood and initiates a reflex to increase heart rate and respiration -supplied mainly by CN IX and CNX

Front 38

Parotid Gland-

Back 38

Large, paired salivary gland
- Duct system pierces the buccinator muscle to empty into the oral cavity just opposite the 2nd maxillary molar
- CN V travels through (but does not innervate it!) the middle of the gland and can often be damaged
- Innervation is mostly by CN IX

Front 39

Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Back 39

- Increasessecretionofsalivafordigestion – Glossopharyngeal(CNIX)nerve
• Presynaptic fibers to otic ganglion
• Postsynaptic fibers from otic ganglion to the gland
– These hitch-hike along the auriculotemporal nerve to get to their destination

Front 40

Sympathetic (fight or flight)

Back 40

– Decreasessecretionofsalvation
• Ifyouareabouttobemauledbyatiger,youaren’tworriedabout that steak you just ate
• Nervefiberstravelalongbloodvesselstogettothegland

Front 41

TMJ

Back 41

Modified hinge synovial joint
− Permits gliding (translation)
− Flexion (elevation) & extension (depression)
− Small degree of rotation (pivoting)
􏰀 Includes mandibular fossa, articular tubercle of temporal bone, head
(condyle) of mandible
• 􏰀 Articular disc separating cavities
• 􏰀 Ligaments

Front 42

Lateral ligament of TMJ–

Back 42

strengthens joint laterally with postglenoid tubercle & acts to prevent posterior dislocation

Front 43

Stylomandibular-

Back 43

thickening of capsule over parotid that runs from styloid to angle of mandible & does not contribute to the joint strength

Front 44

Sphenomandibular¬

Back 44

spine of sphenoid to lingula of mandible & is the primary passive support of the mandible; ligament serves as a swinging hinge for the mandible as a fulcrum & check for movements

Front 45

Elevation

Back 45

temporalis, massester, medial pterygoid

Front 46

Depression-

Back 46

lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid, infrahyoid muscles

Front 47

Protrusion-

Back 47

lateral pterygoid, masseter, medial pterygoid

Front 48

Retrusion

Back 48

- temporalis, masseter

Front 49

Lateral movements

Back 49

temporalis of same side, pterygoids of opposite side, masseter

Front 50

Of the 4 muscles of mastication which is the only one responsible for depression?

Back 50

-Lateral pterygoid

Front 51

What does V1 do?

Back 51

-sensation to the superior face and orbit

Front 52

What does V2 do?

Back 52

- sensation of the face of near the maxilla

Front 53

What does the V3 do?

Back 53

- motor to the muscles of mastication; sensory to the area of the mandible

Front 54

What does chorda tympani do?

Back 54

-branch of facial nerve CN VII
- conveys taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Front 55

Lingual Nerve

Back 55

- Sensory fibers from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
- Branch of CN V3