Anatomy Test 3

Front 1

# bones in human body

Back 1

206

Front 2

axial skeleton

Back 2

-on longitutudinal axis of skeleton
-Skull bones, auditory ossicles (ear bones), hyoid bone, ribs,
sternum (breastbone), and bones of the vertebral column

Front 3

appendicular skeleton

Back 3

-bones of upper and lower limbs
-plus the bones that form the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton

Front 4

# of bones in axial skeleton

Back 4

80

Front 5

# of bones in appendicular skeleton

Back 5

126

Front 6

sesamoid bones

Back 6

patella, foot, hand
-protect tendons from excessive wear and tear

Front 7

short bones

Back 7

equal in length & width
trapezoid, carpal, tarsal

Front 8

flat bones

Back 8

-Thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing
a layer of spongy bone tissue
-Cranial, sternum, ribs, scapulae

Front 9

irregular bones

Back 9


-Complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the previous categories
-Vertebrae, hip bones, some facial bones, calcaneus

Front 10

long bones

Back 10

-Greater length than width and are slightly curved for strength
-Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges

Front 11

sutural bones

Back 11

small bones located in the sutures of the cranial bones

Front 12

two major types of surface markings

Back 12

1) depressions and openings
2) processes

Front 13

depressions and openings

Back 13

Allow the passage of blood vessels and nerves or form joints

Front 14

processes

Back 14

Projections or outgrowths that form joints or serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons

Front 15

fissure

Back 15

narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass

Front 16

foramen

Back 16

openings through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass

Front 17

fossa

Back 17

shallow depression

Front 18

sulcus

Back 18

furrow along a bone surface that accomodates a blood vessel, nerve or tendon

Front 19

meatus

Back 19

tubelike opening

Front 20

tubercle

Back 20

small, rounded projection

Front 21

condyle

Back 21

large, round protuberance at the end of a bone

Front 22

facet

Back 22

smooth flat articular surface

Front 23

trochanter

Back 23

very large projection

Front 24

spinous process

Back 24

sharp, slender projection

Front 25

# of skull bones

Back 25

22 bones

Front 26

cranial bones

Back 26

# = 8
Frontal bone, two parietal bones, two temporal bones, the
occipital bone, the sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone

Front 27

facial bones

Back 27

# = 14
Two nasal bones, two maxillae, two zygomatic bones, the
mandible, two lacrimal bones, two palatine bones, two inferior
nasal conchae, vomer

Front 28

foramina

Back 28

opening for blood vessels, ligaments or nerves of the skull

Front 29

sutures

Back 29

an immovable joint that holds most skull bones together

Front 30

Paranasal Sinuses

Back 30

-Cavities within cranial and facial bones near the nasal cavity
-Secretions produced by the mucous membranes which line the sinuses, drain into the nasal cavity
Serve as resonating chambers that intensify and prolong sounds

Front 31

fontanels

Back 31

-Areas of unossified tissue
-At birth, unossified tissue spaces, commonly called “soft spots” link the cranial bones
-Eventually, they are replaced with bone to become sutures
-Provide flexibility to the fetal skull, allowing the skull to change shape as it passes through the birth canal

Front 32

hyoid bone

Back 32

-not connected to any other bone
-supports tongue, and muscles of neck and pharynx
-keeps larynx (voice box) open at all times

Front 33

cervical vertebrae

Back 33

# of bones = 7

Front 34

thoracic vertebrae

Back 34

# of bones = 12

Front 35

lumbar vertebrae

Back 35

# of bones = 5

Front 36

sacrum & coccyx

Back 36

one bone each
sacrum is formed by 5 fused sacral vertebrae
coccyx is formed by 4 fused vertebrae

Front 37

annulus fibrosis

Back 37

stuff in between vertebrae

Front 38

kyphosis

Back 38

thoracic vertebrae are bowed out (hump back)

Front 39

lordosis

Back 39

lumbar vertebrae are bowed out (looks like a very full belly)

Front 40

scoliosis

Back 40

spine is curved left and right

Front 41

intervertebral discs

Back 41

-Form strong joints
-Permit various movements of the vertebral
column
-Absorb vertical shock

Front 42

vertebrae consists of

Back 42

-A Body (weight bearing)
-A vertebral arch (surrounds the spinal cord)
-Several processes (points of attachment for
muscles)

Front 43

# of ribs

Back 43

12 pairs of ribs
(24 total)

Front 44

coastal cartilage

Back 44

contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic cage