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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of skeleton |
Support Movement Protection Electrolyte balance Acid-base balance Blood formation |
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Electrolyte balance |
Calcium and phosphate ions released into tissue fluid and blood |
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Acid-base balance |
Buffers blood against excessive ph balance by absorbing alkaline phosphate and carbonate salts |
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Osseous tissue |
Matrix hardened by deposition of calcium phosphate |
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Hardening process of osseous tissue |
Mineralization/calcification |
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What is hardest substance |
Tooth enamel |
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What kind of bones are cranial bones |
Flat |
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What kinds of bones are limbs |
Long bones |
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What kind of bones are wrists/ankles |
Short bones |
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What are all other bones |
Irregular |
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What is the diaphysis |
Shaft |
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What is the epiphysis |
Head |
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What is articulated cartilage |
Where bones meet to provide cushion |
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What is nutrient foramina |
Holes for blood vessels |
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What is periosteum |
External sheath |
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What is endosteum |
Internal marrow lining |
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What is epiphyseal plate |
Separation in marrow spaces |
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What is diploe |
Spongy layer in skull |
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What is osteogenic tissue and where is it found |
Stem cells from mesenchymal Endosteum of periosteum
*multiply continually |
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What are osteoblasts Where are they What do they do |
Bone forming cells Single layer under endosteum and periosteum Synthesize bone matrix by secreting osteocalcin and insulin |
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What are osteocytes Where are they What do they do |
Trapped osteoblasts Small cavities called lacunae connected by canaliculi Resorb bone matrix, deposit it, remodel bone |
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What are osteoclasts |
Bone dissolving cells |
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What is bone matrix made up of |
1/3 organic (collagen, protein:carb complexes, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans)
2/3 inorganic (85% hydroxyapatite, 10% calcium carbonate) |
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Concentric lamellae |
Layers of matrix around haversian canal |
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Osteon |
Basic structural unit of compact bone |
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Perforating(Volkmann) canals |
Diagonal, join central canals |
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How much blood per minute |
1/2 liter |
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Spicules |
Slivers of bone |
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Trabeculae |
Thin plates |
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Hemopoietic tissue |
Red bone marrow in children |
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What does intramembranous ossification produce and how |
Flat bones of skull and clavicle
Mesenchyme(embryonic connective tissue) condenses, |
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What is Endochondral ossification and how |
Bone development within a cartilage model, most bones this way
Mesenchyme develops into hyaline cartilage |
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Zone of metaphysis |
Transition of cartilage to bone |
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Zone of reserved cartilage |
Resting cartilage |
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Zone of cell proliferation |
Chondrocytes multiply |
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Zone of cell hypertrophy |
Chondrocytes stop multiplying |
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Zone of deposition |
Osteoclasts dissolve calcified cartilage |
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Ectopic ossification |
Abnormal calcification, renal calculus |
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Acid phosphatase |
Enzyme that digests collagen |
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Calcitriol |
Secreted by thyroid when blood calcium too high |
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Osteoclasts inhibition |
15 minutes |
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Osteoblasts stimulation |
1 hour |
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Parathyroid hormone PTH |
Blood calcium too low |
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Stress fracture |
Abnormal trauma |
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Pathological fracture |
Break in Weakened bone by disease |
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Nondisplaced fracture |
Bone pieces stay in place |
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Comminuted fracture |
Broken in 3 or more pieces |
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Green stick fracture |
Incomplete break, bent |
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Joint articultion |
Any point bones meet |
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Arthrology |
Science of joints |
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Synostosis |
Immobile joint when gap ossifies |
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Synarthosis/synarthrodial joint |
Fibrous joint that fibers cross between bones |
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3 kinds of fibrous joints |
Sutures, gomphosis, syndesmoses |
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Serrate |
Wavy lines, puzzle piece |
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Lip/squamous |
Overlapping |
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Plane/butt |
Straight non overlapping |
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Gomphoses |
Tooth to socket |
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Syndesmoses |
2 bones bound by long fibers |
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Amphiarthrosis/amphiarthrodial joint |
Linked by Cartilage |
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Synchrondoses |
Bound by hyaline cartilage |
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Sympheses |
Joined by fibrocartilage |
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Synovial joint/diarthroses |
Most complex joint |
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Articular cartilage |
Covers 2 facing surfaces |
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Synovial fluid |
Lubricant for joint movement |
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Articular disc |
Pad between bones |
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Meniscus |
Cartilage extending inwarding without crossing joint |
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Tendon |
Muscle to bone |
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Ligament |
Bone to bone |
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Bursa |
Fibrous sac of synovial fluid |
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What are 3 classes of levera |
1 fulcrum in middle 2 resistance in middle 3 Effort in middle |
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What kind of joint is knee |
Hinge |
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What areas are encapsulated by knee joint capsule |
Lateral and posterior |
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Patellar ligament is what tendon |
Quadricep |
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Sesamoid bone |
Bone within tendon |
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ACL |
Cruciate ligaments cross between bones |
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MCL |
Collateral ligaments on side of bones |
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Osteogenic cells |
Motorized, bone forming |
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Chondroitin sulfate |
Type of gag |
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During development of a long bone, the secondary ossification center appears in |
Epiphysis |
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The membrane lining the medullary cavity of a long bone is the |
Endosteum |
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Steps to fracture repair |
Blood, soft, hard, remodel |
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Osteogenesis imperfecta results from a defect in ___________ production |
Collagen |
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The muscle that is primarily responsible for movement at a joint is the |
Agonist |
