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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the primary function of platelets? |
Clotting |
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What do lymphocytes do? |
The differentiate into B-cells and T-cells. They account for 20-30% of white blood cells |
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What are some facts about basophils |
They are rare, less then 1% and responsible for inflammation that migrates to damaged tissues |
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What is the most common circulating blood cell? |
Neutrophils. They are first to arrive at an injury site and they neutralize bacteria |
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What do white blood cells do for the body? |
They defend the body from pathogens, remove toxins, waste, and abnormal or damaged cells. They have a short life span and are larger then red blood cells |
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Type O blood |
No antigens, they have A and B plasma antibodies. It is the universal donor blood |
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Type AB blood |
Type AB has antigens A and B. With no plasma antibodies |
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Type B blood |
Type B has antigen B and anti-A antibody |
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Type A blood |
Type A blood has antigen A and anti-B antibody |
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What gives and carries oxygen in red blood cells? |
Hemoglobin |
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What are the most abundant proteins in the blood? |
Albumins |
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What are the 3 formed elements of blood? |
Platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells |
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What are the functions of the blood? |
Transporting nutrients gases and wastes, stabilizing PH and electrolytes, restrict fluid through clotting, defends body from toxins and pathogens, and stabilizes body temperature |
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What do arteries and veins do? |
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins always carry blood to the heart |
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What are the 3 layers of the heart? |
Epicardium-external of the heart Myocardium- mostly muscle, multi layers Endocardium- epithelium covering inner surface of the heart |
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What are intercalated discs in the heart? |
Specialized cells that convey contraction from cell to cell in the heart |
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What are the four chambers of the heart? |
Right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle |
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What do the atria and ventricles do with the blood? |
Upper atria collects blood returning to the heart. Lower ventricles discharge blood from the heart |
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Describe the blood flow through the heart |
Blood received through right atrium; right atrium to the right ventricle, from right ventricle to the lungs, from lungs to the left atrium, left atrium to the left ventricle, left ventricle to the body |
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What does the interatrial septum do? |
Separates the left and right atria |
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What are the functions of the valves? |
They are openings between the atria and ventricles. They make sure there is one way flow of blood and prevent backflow |
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Where does the aortic arch receive blood from? |
The left ventricle |
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Which ventricle is stronger and why? |
Left ventricle is the thickest and strongest muscle of all chambers. It pumps blood to the whole body. |
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What is known as the pacemaker of the heart? |
SA node |
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What is the foremen ovale? |
The hole or opening in the heart that closes after birth |
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What do pulmonary veins do? |
They carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs back to the heart |
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Heart sound is do to what? |
Turbulent blood flow |
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What does the arterial anastomosis allow? |
It allows for reliable and significant blood supply |
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Where does the lymph enter in the body? |
The lymph enters the blood through the veins |
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What is the rarest white blood cell and responsible for inflammation? |
Basophils |
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What are the functions of the lymphatic system? |
Produces maintains and distributes lymphocytes. The cells attack invading pathogens. It maintains blood volume provides route for hormones nutrients and waste products |
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Lymphatic vessels flow from... |
Smaller to larger vessels |
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Name 3 lymphocytes |
B cells NK cells T cells |
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What are the 3 lymphoid organs |
Lymph nodes, thymus and spleen |
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What are facts about the thymus |
Thymus is the largest lymph organ during the first two years of life. It grows until puberty, then starts to shrink |
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What is the largest lymphoid organ of the body? |
Spleen |
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What are the functions of the spleen? |
Removes abnormal blood cells and other components. Stores iron from red blood cells. Initiation of immune responses. Filters the whole blood |
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What does the white pulp of the spleen contain? |
Large number of lymphocytes |
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What is in the upper respiratory system? |
Nose, nasal cavity, and pharynx. The function is to filter incoming air, humidify incoming air, and warms the incoming air. |
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What is in the lower respiratory system? |
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli. Gas exchange between air and blood, move air, protect respiratory surface. Defends from pathogens |
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What is internal respiration? |
An exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and cells |
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What do you see when looking in a mirror with your mouth open? |
Oropharynx |
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Where are the vocal folds located |
In the larynx |
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What prevents solids from entering the respiratory system? |
Epiglottis |
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What is the trachea called? What does it form? |
Called the windpipe. It branches to form the right and left main bronchi |
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What is the difference between right and left lung? |
Right has 3 lobes and the left has two lobes to make room for the heart |
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The terminal bronchioles are the site of what |
Bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction. It is also the site of asthma |
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What is the most important muscles in respiration |
Diaphragm |
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What is normal breathing called |
Eupnea |
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Where is the respiratory center of the brain located? |
Pons, medulla oblongata |
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What part of the pharynx receives both air and food? |
Oropharynx |
