Anatomy Test 2

Front 1

Skeletal system components

Back 1

Bones

Cartilage, ligaments, and connective tissues

Front 2

Skeleton functions

Back 2

Support, protection, movement, storage, hematopoiesis

Front 3

Long bone

Back 3

-Greater in length than width

-shaft with heads situated at both ends

-mostly compact

-includes all of the bones of the limbs except for wrist, ankle, and kneecap

-plate fuses or ossifies at "bone maturity" and is then an epiphyseal line

Front 4

Flat bone

Back 4

Plate like

Has 2 thin layers of compact bone surrounded by a layer of spongy bone

Front 5

Short bone

Back 5

Width and length about the same

Front 6

Sesamoid

Back 6

A type of short bone within a tendon (patella)

Front 7

Irregular bone

Back 7

No real category (vertebrae)

Front 8

Diaphysis bone

Back 8

Shaft, primarily compact

Front 9

Epiphysis

Back 9

Ends of long bone, covered with articular cartilage

Front 10

Metaphysis

Back 10

Neck

Front 11

Epiphyseal plate

Back 11

Growth plate, the site of growth in length of a long bone

Front 12

Osteoblasts

Back 12

Produce new bone, make matrix

Front 13

Osteocytes

Back 13

Mature bone cells in lacuna, maintain matrix

Front 14

Osteoclasts

Back 14

Reabsorb or breakdown bone. Make protons and enzymes

Front 15

Osteoprogenitor

Back 15

Stem cell whose divisions produce osteoblasts

Front 16

Tensile strength

Back 16

Made by collagen fibers

Front 17

Compressive strength

Back 17

Given by hydroxyapetite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)

Front 18

Removing collagen

Back 18

Makes brittle bones

Front 19

Removing minerals

Back 19

Makes overly flexible bone

Front 20

Compact bone

Back 20

Dense, more matrix, less space

Front 21

Lamella

Back 21

Collagen arranged in a pattern.

Front 22

Osteon

Back 22

Structural unit of compact bone

Front 23

Spongy bone

Back 23

Cancellous, less matrix, more space

Front 24

Bone struts

Back 24

Trabeculae

Front 25

Diploe

Back 25

Flat bones

Front 26

Woven bone

Back 26

Random arrangement of collagen fibers. In fetal development

Front 27

Lamellar

Back 27

Mature bone. Collagen fibers are parallel to each other and at angles to other lamella

Front 28

Inrramembranous bone growth

Back 28

Bone development occurs by replacing membrane with bone

Front 29

Endocbondral bone growth

Back 29

Replacing the line cartilage with bone

Front 30

Outer connective tissue sheath

Back 30

Periosteum

Front 31

Inner cavity sheath

Back 31

Endosteum

Front 32

Chondroblast

Back 32

Cell that produces matrix

Front 33

Chondrocyte

Back 33

Mature cell in space "Laguna", makes matrix

Front 34

First stage of bone growth

Back 34

Hyaline cartilage model

Front 35

Second stage of bone growth

Back 35

Front 36

Third stage of bone growth

Back 36

Front 37

Fourth stage of bone growth

Back 37

Front 38

Final stage of bone growth

Back 38

Front 39

Zones of growth

Back 39

Resting (distal)

Growth cartilage

-hypertrophy

Calcification

Ossification

Front 40

2 hormones that control calcium levels

Back 40

Parathyroid hormone

Calcitonin (thyroid)

Front 41

Parathyroid hormone

Back 41

Released when blood calcium levels are low

Front 42

Calcitonin

Back 42

Released when blood calcium levels are high

Front 43

Back 43

Epiphyseal artery and vein

Front 44

Back 44

Metaphyseal artery and vein

Front 45

Back 45

Periosteum

Front 46

Back 46

Compact bone

Front 47

Back 47

Medullary cavity

Front 48

Back 48

Branches of nutrient artery and vein

Front 49

Back 49

Periosteum

Front 50

Back 50

Periosteal arteries and veins

Front 51

Back 51

Periosteal arteries and veins

Front 52

Back 52

Connections to superficial osteons

Front 53

Back 53

Nutrient artery and vein

Front 54

Back 54

Nutrient foramen

Front 55

Back 55

Metaphysis

Front 56

Back 56

Epiphyseal line

Front 57

Back 57

Metaphyseal artery and vein

Front 58

Back 58

Cirfumfrential lamellae

Front 59

Back 59

Osteons

Front 60

Back 60

Percolating fibers

Front 61

Back 61

Vein

Front 62

Back 62

Artery

Front 63

Back 63

Arteriole

Front 64

Back 64

Central canal

Front 65

Back 65

Percolating canal

Front 66

Back 66

Trabecular of spongy bone

Front 67

Back 67

Concentric lamellae

Front 68

Back 68

Interstitial lamellae

Front 69

Back 69

Periosteum

Front 70

Back 70

Capillary

Front 71

Back 71

Venule

Front 72

Bone healing steps

Back 72

1) hematoma

2) callus-soft

3) callus-hard, woven

4) remodeling- mature bone

Front 73

Osteoporosis

Back 73

Bone loss disease where bone respiration exceeds bone deposition. Common in post-menopausal women because estrogen inhibits osteoclasts

Front 74

Paranasal sinuses

Back 74

Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity

Front 75

Back 75

Maxillary sinus

Front 76

Back 76

Sphenoidal sinus

Front 77

Back 77

Ethmoid sinus

Front 78

Back 78

Frontal sinus

Front 79

Fontanelle

Back 79

The infant skull. Areas between bone are fibrous connective tissue

Front 80

Vertebral column

Back 80

Spine. Protects spinal cord.

Front 81

Sacrum

Back 81

5 fused in spine

Front 82

Coccyx

Back 82

3-5 fused

Front 83

Curvature of vertebral column

Back 83

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

Front 84

Abnormal curves

Back 84

Hyperlordosis, hyperkyphosis (anterior posterior)

Scoliosis (lateral)

Front 85

Joints

Back 85

Articulation where two or more bones meet

Front 86

Joint functions

Back 86

Holds bones together and allow for mobility

Front 87

Synarthroses

Back 87

Immovable joints

Front 88

Amphiarthroses

Back 88

Slightly movable joints

Front 89

Diarthroses

Back 89

Freely movable joints

Front 90

Fibrous joints

Back 90

Generally immovable

Front 91

Cartilaginous joints

Back 91

Immovable or slightly movable

Front 92

Synovial joints

Back 92

Freely movable

Front 93

Distinguishing features of synovial joints

Back 93

Articular cartilage

Articular capsule

Joint cavity

Reinforcing ligaments

Front 94

Accessory structures of synovial joints

Back 94

Tendons

Ligaments

Capsule

Bursa

Front 95

Tendon

Back 95

Attach to muscles around joint

Front 96

Ligament

Back 96

Attach bone to bone

Front 97

Capsule

Back 97

Surrounds the joint and is lined by synovial membrane

Front 98

Bursa

Back 98

Flattened sacs of synovial membrane

Front 99

Weight bearing part of spine

Back 99

Joints anterior to spinal cord

Front 100

Movement part of spine

Back 100

Joints posterior to spinal cord

Front 101

Parts of discs between vertebrae

Back 101

Inner gel like nucleus pulposis and outer annular fibers

Front 102

Gout

Back 102

Uric acid crystals

Front 103

Arthritis

Back 103

All forms of rheumatism that damage articular cartilage of synovial joints

Front 104

Osteoarthritis

Back 104

Caused by wear and tear of joint surfaces or genetic factors affecting collagen formation

Front 105

Back 105

Coronal structure

Front 106

Back 106

Lambdoid sature

Front 107

Back 107

Squamous suture

Front 108

Back 108

Ethmoid bone

Front 109

Back 109

Sphenoid bone

Front 110

Back 110

Sphenoid bone

Front 111

Back 111

Ethmoid bone

Front 112

Back 112

Mandible

Front 113

Back 113

Maxilla

Front 114

Back 114

Vomer

Front 115

Back 115

Inferior nasal concha

Front 116

Back 116

Middle nasal conch of ethmoid bone

Front 117

Back 117

Zygomatic bone

Front 118

Back 118

Lacrimal bone

Front 119

Back 119

Mental foramen

Front 120

Back 120

Perpendicular plate

Front 121

Back 121

Middle nasal concha of ethmoid bone

Front 122

Back 122

Inferior orbital

Front 123

Back 123

Optic canal

Front 124

Back 124

Superior orbital fissure

Front 125

Back 125

External acoustic meatus

Front 126

Back 126

Mastoid process

Front 127

Back 127

Styloid process

Front 128

Back 128

Foramen rotundum

Front 129

Back 129

Internal acoustic meatus

Front 130

Back 130

Foramen magnum

Front 131

Back 131

Jugular foramen

Front 132

Back 132

Foramen spinosum

Front 133

Back 133

Foramen ovale

Front 134

Back 134

Sella turcica

Front 135

Back 135

Optic canal

Front 136

Back 136

Crista galli

Front 137

Back 137

Cribriform plate

Front 138

Back 138

Jugular foramen

Front 139

Back 139

Occipital condyle

Front 140

Back 140

Ptertgoid processes

Front 141

Back 141

Palatine bone

Front 142

Back 142

Cribniform plate

Front 143

Back 143

Perpendicular plate

Front 144

Back 144

Middle nasal concha

Front 145

Back 145

Crista galli

Front 146

Back 146

Lesser wing

Front 147

Back 147

Orbital surface of greater wing

Front 148

Back 148

Pterygoid canal

Front 149

Back 149

Pterygoid process

Front 150

Back 150

Medial plate

Front 151

Back 151

Lateral plate

Front 152

Back 152

Foramen rotundum

Front 153

Back 153

Greater wing

Front 154

Back 154

Superior orbital fissure

Front 155

Back 155

Sphenoid

Front 156

Back 156

Sphenoid sinus

Front 157

Back 157

Sphenoid spine

Front 158

Back 158

Sella turcica

Front 159

Back 159

Optic groove

Front 160

Back 160

Posterior clinoid process

Front 161

Back 161

Dorsum sellae

Front 162

Back 162

Mandibular notch

Front 163

Back 163

Mandibular condyle

Front 164

Back 164

Ramus of mandible

Front 165

Back 165

Mandibular angle

Front 166

Back 166

Body of mandible

Front 167

Back 167

Alveolar margin

Front 168

Back 168

Mandibular foramen

Front 169

Back 169

Mandibular does a of temporal bone

Front 170

Back 170

Coronoid process

Front 171

Back 171

Mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Front 172

Muscle tissue function

Back 172

Contraction

Front 173

Skeletal muscle functions

Back 173

Produce skeletal movement, maintain body position

Support soft tissues

Guard openings

Maintain body temperature

Store nutrient reserves

Front 174

Back 174

Blood vessel

Front 175

Back 175

Perimysium

Front 176

Back 176

Epimysium

Front 177

Back 177

Bone

Front 178

Back 178

Endomysium

Front 179

Back 179

Tendon

Front 180

Back 180

Fascicle

Front 181

Back 181

Muscle fiber

Front 182

Sarcoplasm

Back 182

Cytoplasm

Front 183

Sarcolemma

Back 183

Plasma membrane

Front 184

Transverse tubule

Back 184

Invagination of sarcolemma

Front 185

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 185

Specialized ER that stores and releases calcium, surrounding myofibrils

Front 186

Terminal cisterna

Back 186

Enlarged sacs of SR near transverse tubules

Front 187

Back 187

Mitochondria

Front 188

Back 188

Sarcolemma

Front 189

Back 189

Myofibril

Front 190

Back 190

Thin filament

Front 191

Back 191

Thick filament

Front 192

Back 192

Triad

Front 193

Back 193

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 194

Back 194

T tubules

Front 195

Back 195

Myofibrils

Front 196

Back 196

Sarcoplasm

Front 197

Back 197

Sarcolemma

Front 198

Back 198

Terminal cisterna

Front 199

Contraction proteins

Back 199

Actin and myosin

Front 200

Regulatory

Back 200

Troponin and tropomyosin

Front 201

Muscle contraction

Back 201

Calcium release initiates this and results in conformational change

Front 202

Bone matrix makeup

Back 202

65% inorganic

35% organic

Front 203

Haversian system

Back 203

Compact vs spongy bone classification

Front 204

Joint classification

Back 204

Function and structure

Front 205

Sprain

Back 205

Ligament or capsule injury

Front 206

Strain

Back 206

Muscle or tendon injury