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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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what is lordosis?
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anterior curve in the back
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LA
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what is kyphosis?
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posterior curve in the spine
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KP
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What type of joint is a DISK?
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fibrocartilaginous
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How do facet joints work? What type are they? (amphiarthrotal, etc)
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like plane joints, synovial (freely moving)
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What types of articulations does the spine have?
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discs and facet joints
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two types
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how much weight do the facet joints bear?
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20%
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what do the spinal nerves pass through?
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the intervertabral foramen.
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what is annulus fibrosis?
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stronger outter edge of layers of collagen fibers around the spine
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what is nucleus pulposis?
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water/jelly like inside of the annulus fibrosis, used for shock absorption.
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how does the endplate receive nutrition?
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via dissufion through the endplates.
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where is the anterior longitudinal ligament and what does it do?
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thin in cervical spine, thickest in lumbar spine. limits backward bending.
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which four ligaments limit forward bending?
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posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentun flavum, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament
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where is the posterior longitudinal ligament the thinnest?
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lumbar spine
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which three ligaments limit sidebending?
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intertransverse ligaments, ligamentum flavum, capsular ligaments
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what is the inguinal ligament?
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the groin
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what are the names of the three layers of muscle in the posterior back?
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superficial, intermediate and deep
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what does the superficial layer of posterior back muscles do? example(s)
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attachment of lower extremities to trunk, these are key for stabilization.
Ex: trapezius |
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what does the intermediate layer of the posterior back muscles do? And what is this group of muscles known as?
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Errctor spinae. Extend length of spine.
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what does the deep layer of the posterior back muscles do? And where do they attach?
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Segmental stabilizers. Attach to either transverse or spinous processes. They are for rotation and sidebending.
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What are the only two muscles attaching to the anterior spine?
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Psoas and diaphram
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Rectus Abdominis
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Origin is anterior 5th-7th ribs with the insertion on the pubic crest and pubic symphysis. Is the 6 pack.
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Linea alba
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tendinous connective tissue which lies longitudinally between the two parts of the rectus abdominis muscle.
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Rectus Sheath
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Surrounds the rectus abdominus, a connective tissue.
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External obliques
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Origin: 5th-12th ribs. V shaped, attaches to the illiac crest
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Internal obliques
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Origin is 10th-12th ribs. upside down V shaped, attaches to the illiac crest.
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What two muscles create the "natural girdle"?
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Thoracolumbar fascia and the transverse abdominis
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Are there supraspinous or interspinous ligaments in the cervical spine?
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no
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Sernocleidomastoid
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Origin is the mastoid process, insertion is the sternum and clavicle
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Scalenes
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origin is the cervical transverse processes, insertion is the 1st&2nd ribs
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Longus Colli
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oriigin is the anterior body of cervical spine, insertion is the anterior body of the cervical spine
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Suboccipitals
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Origin several muscles that run between the occiput (C1) and C2 both on the anterior and posterior side
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Errector spinae
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Origin: runs from iliac crest, sacrum, spine, and ribs longituinally to (insertion) the spine, ribs or occiput
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Deep layer of spine
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Origin: spinous and transverse process
Insertion: One or a few vertebra down to spineous or transverse process |
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Levator Scapulae
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Origin: Upper cervical transverse processes
Insertion: Superior angle of scapula |
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Trapezius
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Origin: Occiput, spinous process of C2-T12
Insertion: Spine of scapula, acromion, outer 1/3 of clavicle |
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Rhomboids
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Origin: Spinous process of upper thoracic
Insertion: Medial border of scapula |
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Serratus Anterior
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Origin: Lateral ribs
Insertion: Medial anterior border of scapula |
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Pectoralis Major
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Origin: Medial clavicle, sternum, and anterior ribs
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerous |
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Pectoralis Minor
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Origin: Anterior upper ribs
Insertion: Coracoid process |
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Latissimus Dorsi
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Origin: Spinous process of T7-T12, illiac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus |
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Deltoid
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Origin: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerous |
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Supraspinatus
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Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerous |
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Infarspinatous
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Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerous |
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Teres Minor
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Origin: Lateral posterior scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerous |
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Subscapularis
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Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerous |
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Teres Major
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Origin: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerous |
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Coracobrachialis
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Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: medial mid-humerous |
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Biceps Brachii
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Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle, coracoid process
Insertion: Olecranon process |
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Anconeus
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Origin: posterior distal humerous
Insertion: olecranon process |
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Supinator
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Origin: upper ulna
insertion: upper radius |
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Pronator Teres
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Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: anterior mid-radius |
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Pronator quadratus
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Origin: anterior distal ulna
Insertion: anterior distal radius |
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Flexor carpii radialis
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Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: 2nd metacarpal - anteriorly |
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Flexor carpii ulnaris
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Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: 5th metacarpal - anteriorly |
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Palmaris Longus
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Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: Palmar fascia |
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Flexor digitorum superficialis
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Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: middle phalanx of 2-5 fingers |
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Flexor digitorum profundus
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origin: anterior ulna
insertion: distal phalanx of 2-5 fingers |
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Flexor pollicus longus
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origin: anterior radius
insertion: distal phalanx of thumb |
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Extensor carpii radialis longus
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origin: lateral epicondyle
insertion: 2nd metacarpal - posteriorly |
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Extensor carpii radialis brevis
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Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: 3rd metacarpal - posteriorly |
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Extensor carpii ulnaris
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Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: 5th metacarpal - posteriorly |
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Extensor digitorum
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Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: distal phalanx of 2-5 fingers |
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Outcropper muscles
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Origin: posterior forearm
Insertion: to thumb or index finger |
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Name the SITS muscles
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Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
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what does the Coracolacromial ligament do?
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forms a roof over the shoulder joint, so there is no upward dislocation
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what is the coracoacromial arch composed of?
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acromion and coracromial ligament
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bone + ligament
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Acting alone, the DELTOID muscles cause?
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superior translation
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which way do they move?
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Force couple
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two equal forces acting in opposite directions to rotate a part about its axis. Ex: rotator cuff & deltoid
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The muscles causing the upward rotation of the scapula are:
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upper and lower trapezius (force-couple) and serratus anterior
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3 muscles
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How many vertebrae are there in the spine?
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7 cervical
12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 saccral 4 coccyx = 32 total |
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Name the carpal bones
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Scarphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
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Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle
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