Anatomy Test 2

Front 1

Centrifugation of whole blood yields:

Back 1

an upper layer, a middle layer, and a lower layer.

Front 2

The upper layer of centrifuged whole blood is the:

Back 2

plasma

Front 3

the middle layer of centrifuged whole blood:

Back 3

buffycoat, WBC's and platelets

Front 4

the bottom layer of centrifuged whole blood:

Back 4

red blood cells

Front 5

the formed elements of blood are the

Back 5

cellular components

Front 6

the cellular components of blood consist of

Back 6

red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Front 7

the fluid portion of blood is the

Back 7

plasma

Front 8

the percentage of red blood cells of the total blood volume is called the:

Back 8

hematocrit

Front 9

the normal hematocrit (percentage of red blood cells of total blood volume) is

Back 9

45%

Front 10

plasma makes up what percent of total blood volume

Back 10

55%

Front 11

blood volume of the average adult is

Back 11

5 liters or 8% of their body weight

Front 12

the viscocity of blood is what to water

Back 12

4.5 or 5.5 times that of water.

Front 13

the ph of blood is

Back 13

7.35 to 7.45

Front 14

the temperature of blood in teh thorax is

Back 14

38 degrees C or 100.4 degrees F (core body temperature)

Front 15

What are the major inorganic solute of plasma?

Back 15

sodium and chloride

Front 16

sodium and chloride contribute to what

Back 16

the osmotic pressure of blood

Front 17

Plasma proteins make up what percent of plasma

Back 17

7-9%

Front 18

The albumin plasma proteins are waht percent of total protein.

Back 18

60-80%

Front 19

the albumin plasma proteins are made in the

Back 19

liver

Front 20

albumin plasma proteins are important for

Back 20

maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood

Front 21

the alpha and beta globulins are made in the

Back 21

liver

Front 22

the alpha and beta globulins transport

Back 22

lipids and fat soluble vitamins in the blood

Front 23

Gamma globulins are the

Back 23

blood antibody fractions

Front 24

what is the normal red blood cell count in the male

Back 24

5.4 million per cubic millimeter (cmm)

Front 25

what is the normal red blood cell count in the female?

Back 25

4.8 million per cubic cmm

Front 26

what is the higher concentration of red blood cells in the male due to

Back 26

testosterone

Front 27

testosterone stimulates what

Back 27

red bood cell formation

Front 28

the cells of red blood cells are

Back 28

biconcave discs.

Front 29

the red blood cells reasure

Back 29

7.5 microns in diameter and 2 microns thick

Front 30

Red blood cells lack

Back 30

a nucleus adn mitochondria

Front 31

red blood cells respire

Back 31

anaerobically

Front 32

the average life span of a red blood cell

Back 32

120 days

Front 33

after about 120 days, teh red blood cell is then

Back 33

destroyed by the liver, spleen and bone marrow

Front 34

function of red blood cell

Back 34

to transport oxygen and CO2

Front 35

Hemoglobin makes up what percent of fresh wieght (wet weight) of red blood cells

Back 35

33-34%

Front 36

the normal hemoglobin content of blood is infants is:

Back 36

14-20 grams/deciliter (g/100ml)

Front 37

the normal hemoglobin content of blood in adult males is

Back 37

13-18g/deciliter

Front 38

the normal hemoglobin content of blood in females is

Back 38

12-16g/dl

Front 39

hemolgobin consists of

Back 39

red pigment "heme", bound to the protein component globin

Front 40

the globin portion is made up of

Back 40

two alpha and two beta polypeptide chains

Front 41

in a hemoglobin molecule there are

Back 41

4 hemes

Front 42

the 4 hemes of a hemoglobin molecule each consist of

Back 42

a tetrapyrrole (porphyrin) and one iron atome.

Front 43

in hemeglobin, iron is in the..

Back 43

ferrous state

Front 44

in hemoglobin, one molecule of oxygen will

Back 44

combine with one iron atom

Front 45

per hemoglobin molecules, there will be how many oxygens molecules?

Back 45

4

Front 46

a single red blood cell contains how many hemoglobin molecules:

Back 46

250 million

Front 47

a single red blood cell contains how many molecules of oxygen?

Back 47

one billion

Front 48

methemoglobin is hemoglobin in which

Back 48

iron has been oxidized to the ferric form

Front 49

iron in the ferric form cannot

Back 49

transport oxygen

Front 50

a small amount of what is present in red blood cells?

Back 50

iron in the ferric form

Front 51

drugs that are oxidizing agents can cause an increase in what

Back 51

methemoglobin in the red blood cells

Front 52

Hematopoises refers to the

Back 52

formation of all blood cells

Front 53

erythropoisis refers to

Back 53

specifically to the formation of red blood cells

Front 54

Hyocytoblast is waht kind of cell

Back 54

stem cell

Front 55

hemocytoblasts are present where

Back 55

in red bone marrow

Front 56

hemocytoblasts are present in the (specific)

Back 56

myeloid tissue

Front 57

hemocytoblasts have the potential to form

Back 57

any blood cell

Front 58

the stem cell transforms into the what

Back 58

proerythroblast

Front 59

when the stem cell transforms into the proerythroblast, it is commited to

Back 59

form an erythrocyte

Front 60

From the proerythroblast, the sebsequent stages of the stem cell are

Back 60

erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte

Front 61

during erythropoiesis, the erethroblast and the normoblast do waht

Back 61

make hemoglobin.

Front 62

the nucleus is lost in the

Back 62

late normoblast

Front 63

from hemocytoblast to reticulocyte takes how long

Back 63

3-5 days

Front 64

the reticulocyte is the

Back 64

cell type that enters the peripheral circulation

Front 65

the reticulocyte matures into

Back 65

an erythrocyte in two days after release.

Front 66

reticulocyte blood counts are

Back 66

an approximation of the rate of red blood cell formation

Front 67

Materials needed to make red blood cells include:

Back 67

carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, iron, vitamin B-12, and folic acid.

Front 68

what is needed for nucleic acid synthesis?

Back 68

two vitamins

Front 69

Iron is stored in the liver as

Back 69

ferritin or hemosiderin (complexed with proteins)

Front 70

What is the blood transport protein for iron?

Back 70

transferrin

Front 71

What happens when red blood cells lyse at the end of their life span?

Back 71

some components of hemoglobin are recycled.

Front 72

The fact that red blood cells lyse at the end of their life span and some components of hemoglobin are recycled is true for...

Back 72

iron and amino acids that make up the globin portion.

Front 73

for iron and amino acids that make up the globin portion, what happens to the heme at the end of the life span?

Back 73

the heme is degraded to bilirubin.

Front 74

what is bilirubin?

Back 74

a yellow pigment that gives color to bile