Anatomy Test #2

Front 1

The ___ ___ forms the central axis of the body trunk.

Back 1

vertebral column

Front 2

The two main functions of the vertebral column are

Back 2

support

protection

Front 3

The five regions of the vertebral column are:

Back 3

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum - (5 fused)
Coccyx - (3-5 incomplete vertebra)

Front 4

The main parts of a typical vertebra are the

Back 4

Body
Arch
7 processes
Vertebral arch, canal, notches
Intervertebral foramina

Front 5

From anterior to posterior list the parts of a vertebra in order starting with the body.

Back 5

Body
Pedicle
Lamina
Spinous process

Front 6

Vertebral foramen

Back 6

posterior to body and vertebral arch

transmits spinal cord

Front 7

Transverse foramen

Back 7

In transverse processes

transmits vertebral artery

Front 8

Intervertebral foramen

Back 8

formed by superior and inferior vertebral notches

transmits spinal nerve from spinal column

Front 9

Sacral foramen

Back 9

In anterior and posterior sacrum
8 anterior + 8 posterior = 16

transmits sacral nerves to pelvis

Front 10

The end of the spinal cord is called the ____ and is at the level of ___, but the space for the spinal cord extends to the level of ___.

Back 10

Conus medullaris
L2
SS2 (Second Sacral Segment)

The end of the spinal cord is call the conus medullaris and is at the level of L2, but the space for the spinal cord extends to the level of SS2 (2nd Sacral Segment).

Front 11

Which part of the vertebral column alllows for the most flexibility?

Back 11

Cervical

Front 12

Apophyseal joints

Back 12

diarthrodial; gliding; synovial

Each vertebra has a pair of apophyseal joints- one on the left and one on the right.

Front 13

Atlantoccipital joint

Back 13

Atlas & occipital

synovial condylar

flexion & extension of skull

Front 14

Atlantoaxial

Back 14

Axis & Atlas

Allows rotation of skull

Front 15

Intervertebral joints

Back 15

Between discs

Amphiarthrodial (slightly)

Front 16

Interarticular joints

Back 16

diarthrodial; gliding; synovial

Front 17

Lumbosacral joint

Back 17

Gliding (L1-S1)

Front 18

Sacrococcygeal joint

Back 18

No movement between sacrum & coccyx

Front 19

Costovertebral joints

Back 19

rib & vertebra (body)

diarthrodial gliding

Front 20

Costotransverse joints

Back 20

rib & transverse process

diarthrodial gliding

Front 21

List the seven processes of a typical vertebrae:

Back 21

Spinous Process
R & L Transverse (2)
Superior Articulating Process (2)
Inferior Articulating Process (2)

Front 22

The vertebral arch is formed by the ___ and ___.

Back 22

Lamina & Pedicles

Front 23

Describe the two places on a thoracic vertebra where a rib attaches.

Back 23

Head of rib attaches to body of vertebra. (BH)

Tubercle of rib attaches to transverse process of vertebra (TT)

Front 24

Cervical curvatures

Back 24

Secondary Curve

Lordotic Curve

Convex Anteriorly

Front 25

Thoracic (dorsal) curvatures

Back 25

Primary Curve

Kyphotic curve

Concave Anteriorly

Front 26

Lumbar curvatures

Back 26

Secondary curve

Lordotic curve

Convex anteriorly

Front 27

Pelvic curvatures

Back 27

Primary Curve

Kyphotic curve

Concave anteriorly

Front 28

The cervical and lumbar curves have what kind of shape?

Back 28

convex anterioly

concave posteriorly

Front 29

Which of the spinal curves as primary curves?

Back 29

thoracic & pelvic

Front 30

What is the term for an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine?

Back 30

Scoliosis

Front 31

The body of a vertebra is nearly ___ in shape and is made up of ___ bony tissue covered by a layer of ___ tissue.

Back 31

cylindrical; cancellous; compact

The body of a vertebra is nearly cylindrical in shape and is made up of cancellous bony tissue covered by a layer of compact tissue.

Front 32

Cartilaginous Disks: Central mass of soft, pulpym gelatin-like material called the

Back 32

nucleus pulposus

Front 33

The outer disk of fibrocartilage is called the

Back 33

annulus fibrosus.

Front 34

If the inner, nucleus pulposus ruptures and protrudes into the vertebral canal where it presses upon a pinal nerve, it is then called a

Back 34

HNP - Herneated Nucleus Pulposus

or a "slipped disk".

Front 35

The vertebral arch is formed by two ___ and two ___ that support ___ articular processes; two ___ processes, and one ___ process.

Back 35

pedicles; lamina; 4; transverse; spinous

The vertebral arch is formed by two pedicles and two lamina that support 4 articular processes, two transverse processes, and one spinous process.

Front 36

Articular processes: Four articulating processes or ___, two __ and two __.

Back 36

zygapophyses; superior; inferior

Articular processes: Four articular processes or zygapophyses, two superior and two inferior.

Front 37

The ___ is the name of the first cervical vertebra. It is a ringlike structure that has no ___ and a very short, or vestigal, ___ process.

Back 37

Atlas; body; spinous

The atlas is the name of C1. It is a ringlike structure that has no body and a very short, or vestigal, spinous process.

Front 38

The ___ is the name of the second cervical vertebra. The ___ or the ___ process arises from the C2's upper surface and projects thru C1. The dens acts like C1's body, or ___.

Back 38

axis; dens; odontoid; pivot

The axis is C2. the dens, or the odontoid process, arises from C2's upper surface and projects thru C1. The dens acts like C1s body, or pivot.

Front 39

Does the first cervical vertebra have a body?

Back 39

No

Front 40

From which vertebra does the dens project?

Back 40

2nd cervical vertebra/ Axis

Front 41

The intervertebral foramina lie at what angle to the median sagittal plane?

Back 41

45 degrees

Front 42

The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical vertebrae are seen in what projection?

Back 42

Lateral

Front 43

A rib joins the ___ vertebrae in two places. The head of the rib articulates with the ___ of the T-verbra and the tubercle of the rib articulates with the ___ process of the T-vertebra.

Back 43

thoracic (dorsal); body; transverse

BH = Body of vertebra attaches to head of rib

TT = Tubercle attaches to transverse process

Front 44

What type of facets do the bodies of the T-vertebrae have that the C-vertebrae and vertebrae do not?

Back 44

Costal facets

Front 45

The transverse processes of which vertebrae have a facet that joins with the tubercle of a rib?

Back 45

T1-T10

Front 46

Which projection demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the T-region?

Back 46

Lateral projection

Front 47

How must the patient's body be rotated to radiographically demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the T-region?

Back 47

15-20 degrees from lateral

Front 48

Spondylolisthesis is condition which effects the ___ spine only and means ___

Back 48

Lumbar spine

one vertebra slipping forward on the one below

Front 49

body

Back 49

solid anterior part of a vertebra

Front 50

laminae

Back 50

connects the transverse process with the spinous process

Front 51

pedicles

Back 51

process that extends laterally and posteriorly from the body

Front 52

zygapophyses

Back 52

articular processes

Front 53

spinous process

Back 53

process that extends posteriorly from the junction of both laminae

Front 54

transverse process

Back 54

process that extends laterally from the pedicle-lamina junction

Front 55

List four functions of the vertebral column.

Back 55

Encloses & protects spinal cord
Supports trunk & skull
Attachment for ribs

Front 56

Name the two vertebral curvatures that are classified as primary curvatures.

Back 56

Thoracic & Pelvic

Front 57

Name the two vertebral curvatures that are classified as secondary curvatures.

Back 57

Cervical & Lumbar

Front 58

What is the name of the opening formed by the vertebral arch and the body of a vertebra?

Back 58

Vertebral foramen

Front 59

What two typical vertebral parts are missing from the first cervical vertebra?

Back 59

No body or spinous process

Front 60

How are transverse processes of cervical vertebrae significantly different from those of other typical vertebrae?

Back 60

Perforated with transverse foramen

Front 61

With reference to the median sagittal plane, how do zygapophyseal articulations of the cervical vertebrae open?

Back 61

90 degrees

Front 62

With reference to the median sagittal plane, how do cervical intervertebral foramina open?

Back 62

45 degrees anteriorly

Front 63

What section of the vertebral column has costovertebral joints?

Back 63

Thoracic

Front 64

What section of the vertebral column has facets and demifacets?

Back 64

Thoracic

Front 65

What bones articulate with thoracic facets & demifacets?

Back 65

Ribs

Front 66

With reference to the median sagittal plane, how do zygapophyseal articulations of the thoracic vertebrae open?

Back 66

70 degrees anteriorly

Front 67

With reference to the median sagittal plane, how do thoracic intervertebral foramina open?

Back 67

90 degrees

Front 68

With reference to the median sagittal plane, how do zygapophyseal articulations of the lumbar vertebrae open?

Back 68

30 - 50 degrees posteriorly

Front 69

With reference to the median sagittal plane, how do lumbar intervertebral foramina open?

Back 69

90 degrees

Front 70

What structure of the vertebral column articulates with both ilia?

Back 70

Sacrum

Front 71

With reference to the median sagittal plane, how many degrees and in which direction do sacroiliac joints open?

Back 71

25 - 30 degrees anteriorly

Front 72

lower trachea

Back 72

T4

Front 73

UPPER TRACHEA

Back 73

C6

Front 74

MASTOID TIP

Back 74

C1

Front 75

SPINAL CORD INTACT ENDS

Back 75

L2

Front 76

lower trachea

Back 76

T4

Front 77

UPPER TRACHEA

Back 77

C6

Front 78

MASTOID TIP

Back 78

C1

Front 79

SPINAL CORD INTACT ENDS

Back 79

L2

Front 80

ILIAC CREST

Back 80

L4-L5

Front 81

GONION

Back 81

C3

Front 82

ATLANTOOCCIPITAL ARTICULATION

Back 82

C1

Front 83

LUMBOSACRAL ARTICULATION

Back 83

L5-S1

Front 84

THYROID CARTILAGE

Back 84

C4-C5

Front 85

VERTEBRA PROMINENS

Back 85

C7

Front 86

Where are transverse foramen found?

Back 86

Cervical vertebrae

Front 87

Where are demifacets found?

Back 87

Thoracic vertebrae

Front 88

What is the articular pillar?

Back 88

Column of bone between superior and inferior processes

Front 89

What are the name of the inner and outer part of intervertebral disks?

Back 89

Inner - nucleus pulposus

Outer - annulus fibrosus

Front 90

At what vertebral level is the most common site of spinal bifida?

Back 90

L5

Front 91

What region of the vertebral column is considered the most flexible?

Back 91

Cervical

Front 92

What parts of a vertebra forms the apophyseal joint?

Back 92

Inferior articular process of upper and superior articular process of the lower

Front 93

What parts of a vertebra comprise the vertebral arch?

Back 93

Lamina & Pedicles

Front 94

The end of the spinal cord proper is at what vertebral level?

Back 94

L2

Front 95

What joint is responsible for the flexion of the head?

Back 95

Atlantooccipital joint

Front 96

Which vertebra does not have a body?

Back 96

C1 / Atlas

Front 97

What are the two areas on a thoracic vertebra which articulate with a rib?

Back 97

Transverse process and body

Costotransverse
Costovertebral

Front 98

What is the topographical landmark for L3?

Back 98

Inferior margin of ribs

Front 99

What is the skeletal landmark for the lower margin of the trachea?

Back 99

T4

Front 100

What is the joint classification of the intervertebral joints?

Back 100

Amphiarthrodial

Front 101

What is the name of the joint space between C1 and C2? What type of movement does this joint allow?

Back 101

Atlantoaxial; rotation of the head

Front 102

What is the most anterior structure of a typical vertebra?

Back 102

Body

Front 103

What is the most posterior structure?

Back 103

Spinous process

Front 104

What is another name for the dens? Where is it located?

Back 104

Odontoid; C2

Front 105

Which set of vertebrae have bifid tipped spinous processes?

Back 105

Cervical

Front 106

What is the joint classification of the interarticular joints?

Back 106

Diarthrodial

Front 107

What is the joint classification of the intervertebral joints?

Back 107

Amphiarthrodial?

Front 108

What is the approximate angle of the L5-S1 joint?

Back 108

35 degrees

Front 109

What does the term "nuchal" mean?

Back 109

Nape of neck

Front 110

What is the pars interarticularis?

Back 110

Lamina that lies between superior and inferior process

Front 111

Where are the largest number of vertebrae found?

Back 111

Thoracic

Front 112

Which is the most posterior?

lamina or pedicle

Back 112

lamina

Front 113

What forms the vertebral foramen?

Back 113

Body and vertebral arch

Front 114

What is the shape of the vertebral foramen?

Back 114

Triangular

Front 115

The odontoid is an extension of which vertebra?

Back 115

C2 / Axis

Front 116

What is the joint classification of the interarticular joints?

Back 116

Diarthrodial

Front 117

What is the joint classification of the intervertebral joints?

Back 117

Amphiarthrodial?

Front 118

What is the approximate angle of the L5-S1 joint?

Back 118

35 degrees

Front 119

What does the term "nuchal" mean?

Back 119

Nape of neck

Front 120

What is the pars interarticularis?

Back 120

Lamina that lies between superior and inferior process

Front 121

Where are the largest number of vertebrae found?

Back 121

Thoracic

Front 122

Which is the most posterior?

lamina or pedicle

Back 122

lamina

Front 123

What forms the vertebral foramen?

Back 123

Body and vertebral arch

Front 124

What is the shape of the vertebral foramen?

Back 124

Triangular

Front 125

The odontoid is an extension of which vertebra?

Back 125

C2 / Axis

Front 126

Which vertebra supports the weight of the skull?

Back 126

C1 / Atlas

Front 127

What is transmitted thru the intervertebral foramen?

Back 127

Spinal nerves

Front 128

At what vertebral level does the esophagus originate?

Back 128

C6

Front 129

What is the medical term for a slipped disc?

Back 129

HNP - Herneated Nucleus Pulposus

Front 130

The phrase "dorsal vertebrae" is an older term for which vertebrae?

Back 130

Thoracic