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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Number the following in structures in order from smallest to largest.
1. myofibril 2. fascicle 3. filaments 4. muscle fiber 5. muscle |
3, 1, 4, 2, 5
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Connective tissue covering surrounding fascicles.
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Perimysium
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Finger-like invaginations of the plasma membrane
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T-tubules
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Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fibers
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Sarcolemma
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Connective tissue covering that surrounds the muscle
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Epimysium
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Stores calcium within the muscle fiber
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Connective tissue covering that surrounds individual muscle fibres
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Endomysium
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Smallest contractile unit
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Sarcomere
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Rod-like structures that are formed of thick and thin filaments
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Myofibrils
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Name the sarcomere structure defined:
Length does not change during contraction |
A band
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Name the sarcomere structure defined:
The length of the thick filaments |
A band
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Name the sarcomere structure defined:
Center point of attachment for the thick filaments |
M line
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Name the sarcomere structure defined:
Region that contains only thin filaments |
I band
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Name the sarcomere structure defined:
Region that contains only thick filaments |
H zone
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Name the sarcomere structure defined:
Region that contains overlapping thin and thick filaments |
A band
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Name the sarcomere structure defined:
Area from z disc to z disc |
Sarcomere
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Name the sarcomere structure defined:
This area disappears in a fully contracted muscle |
H zone, also I band
(but that's not what prof sez in her dum answers. She just sez H.) |
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Found in synaptic end bulbs and contain neurotransmitters
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Vesicles
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Area of sarcolemma near synaptic end bulbs
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Motor end plate
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Space between end bulbs and sarcolemma
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Synaptic cleft
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Type of neurotransmitter released on motor end plate
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ACh (Acetylcholine)
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Ion that causes depolarization of the sarcolemma
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Na+
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Ion released from sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Ca2+
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Voluntary or involuntary:
Biceps |
Voluntary
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Voluntary or involuntary:
Tongue |
Voluntary
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Voluntary or involuntary:
Arrector pili |
Involuntary
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Voluntary or involuntary:
Small intestine |
Involuntary
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Voluntary or involuntary:
Eyeball movements |
Both. Internal lens muscles are involuntary.
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Voluntary or involuntary:
Diaphragm |
Both. You can hold your breath, but at some point it becomes an involuntary response to breathe.
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Why do fast glycolytic fibers develop more force than slow oxidative fibers?
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They have a greater diameter, more myofibrils, and use creatine phosphate to generate ATP
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Why are slow oxidative fibers fatigue-resistant?
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More blood vessels to carry oxygen and glucose, myoglobin to carry oxygen, more mitochondria to make ATP
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Why do slow fibers have more mitochondria and capillaries?
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Aerobic respiration
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Which type of fiber would be most contracted by heavy weight lifting
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Fast fibers
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Which type of fiber would be most contracted by medium distance jogging or swimming
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Intermediate fibers
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Which type of fiber would be most contracted by long distance jogging or walking?
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Slow fibers
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Name the term that matches the definition:
Time between muscle fiber stimulation and contraction |
Latent period
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Name the term that matches the definition:
Motor neuron and all the fibers it innervates |
Motor unit
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Name the term that matches the definition:
Period of force generation in a fiber |
Contraction period
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Name the term that matches the definition:
Period when crossbridges detach |
Relaxation period
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What bone does the acromion process articulate with?
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Humerus
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Which is anterior, clavicle or scapula?
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Clavicle
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What bone does the medial end of the clavicle articulate with?
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Manubrium
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What cavity articulates with the head of the humerus?
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Glenoid
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What bones make up the pectoral girdle?
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Clavicle, scapula
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What part of the radius articulates with the humerus?
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radial head
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What forms your elbows?
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Olecranon
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Is the ulna medial or lateral to the radius?
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Medial
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What are the bones that make up your fingers?
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Phalanges
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What bones make up the palm of your hand?
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Metacarpals
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What part of the humerus articulates with the radius?
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Capitulum
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What part of the humerus articulates with the ulna?
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Trochlea
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Where does the radius articulate with the ulna?
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Radial notch
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What are the medial and lateral wrist bones?
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Styloid process of ulna + radius
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When you put your hands on your hips, what are you touching?
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Iliac crest (of ilium bones)
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Name the bones that make up the pelvic girdle.
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Ilium, ischium, pubic bones
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What bones do you sit on?
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Ischial tuberosities
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Name the anterior joint between the pubic bones.
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Pubic symphysis
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What is the largest foramen in the body?
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Obturator
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Is the pelvic outlet larger in males or females?
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Females
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Is the fibula medial or lateral to the tibia?
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Lateral
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What does the proximal femur articulate with?
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Acetabulum
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What is the largest bone in the leg?
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Tibia
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What bone is your kneecap?
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Patella
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What is the thigh bone?
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Femur
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What bone is your heel?
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Calcaneal
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Name the bones in your toes.
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Phalanges (Proximal, middle, and distal)
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What bones make up your ankles?
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Tarsals
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What is the largest bone in the foot?
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Talus
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What are the bones that you can feel medially and laterally on your ankles?
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Medial and lateral malleolus
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How many phalanges are in your big toe?
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2
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Which muscles make up your rotator cuff?
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Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor
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Origin, insertion of teres minor
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Scapula; humerus
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Origin, insertion of Teres major
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Scapula; humerus
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Origin, insertion of supraspinatus
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Scapula; humerus
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Origin, insertion of infraspinatus
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Scapula; humerus
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Origin, insertion of deltoid
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clavicle and scapula; humerus
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Origin, insertion of latissimus dorsi
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Spine, sacrum and ilium, lower four ribs; humerus
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Origin, insertion of pectoralis major
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Clavicle, sternum, cartilages of second to sixth rids or first to seventh ribs
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Origin, insertion of frontal belly of frontalis
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Epicranial aponeurosis; skin superior to orbit
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Origin, insertion of occipital belly of frontalis
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Occipital and temporal bones; epicranial aponeurosis
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Origin, insertion of orbicularis oris
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Muscle fibers surrounding opening of mouth; skin at corner of mouth
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Origin, insertion of Buccinator
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Maxilla & mandible; skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris
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Origin, insertion of platysma
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Fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles; Mandible, muscles around angle of mouth, and skin of lower face
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Origin, insertion of Orbicularis oculi
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Medial wall of orbit; circular path around orbit
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Origin, insertion of rectus abdominus
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pubis and pubic symphysis; cartilage of fifth to seventh ribs and xiphoid process of sternum
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Muscle deep to internal obliques
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Transverse abdominis
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Origin, insertion of diaphragm
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Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of inferior ribs, lunmbar vertebrae; central tendon (strong aponeurosis near center of diaphragm)
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Origin, insertion of external intercostals
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Rib above; rib below
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Origin, insertion of internal intercostals
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Rib below, rib above
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Origin, insertion of trapezius
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occipital bone and spines of c7-t12; clavicle and scapula
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Origin, insertion of pectoralis minor
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2nd through fifth, third through fifth, or second through fourth ribs; scapula
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Origin, insertion of biceps brachii
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scapula; radius
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Origin, insertion of brachialis
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Humerus; ulna
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Origin, insertion of triceps brachii
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Scapula and humerus; ulna
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Origin, insertion of flexors
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Humerus pretty much, plus some ulna/radius action; metacarpals and phalanges
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Origin, insertion of sternocleidomastoid
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Sternum and clavicle; temporal bone, also occipital bone + mastoid process
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Main posture muscles, also used for lifting using back (extending trunk of body)
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erector spinae muscles
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Origin, insertion of psoas major
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Lumbar vertebrae; femur
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Origin, insertion of iliacus
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Ilium; with psoas major into femur
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Origin, insertion of gluteus maximus
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Ilium, sacrum, coccyx, aponeurosis of sacrospinalis; iliotibial tract of fascia lata and femur
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Origin, insertion of gluteus medius
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Ilium; femur
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Origin, insertion of adductor longus
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Pubis & pubic symphysis
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Origin, insertion of quadriceps femoris
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Ilium for rectus femoris, femur for the vastus muscles; patella via quadriceps tendon, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
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Origin, insertion of sartorius
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Ilium; tibia
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Origin, insertion of hamstrings
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Ischium + femur for biceps femoris, ischium for rest of 'em; Fibula & tibula for biceps, just tibia for others
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Origin, insertion of tibialis anterior
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tibia; first metatarsal & first cuneiform
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Origin, insertion of soleus
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Fibula & tibia; calcaneus via achilles tendon
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Origin, insertion of gastrocnemius
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Femur; calcaneus via achilles tendon
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Function of frontal belly
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raise eyebrows
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Function of occipital belly
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draw back scalp
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Function of orbicularis oris
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close and protrude lips
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Function of buccinator
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sucks cheeks in for chewing and shit
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Function of platysma
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depressing mandible for chewing, pouting
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Function of zygomaticus major
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Smile or laugh (draws angle of mouth upward)
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Function of orbicularis oculi
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closes eye
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Function of rectus abdominus
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flexes vertebral column, compresses abs to aid in defecation, urination, forced expiration, childbirth
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What muscles are involved in forced expiration?
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rectus abdominus, internal intercostals
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Increased strength of a contraction that occurs when 2nd stimulus before muscle has completely relaxed
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wave stimulus
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Function of external oblique
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contract both, flexes vertebral column; contract one, rotates it laterally
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Function of internal oblique
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contract both, flexes vertebral column; contract one, rotates it laterally
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Function of transverse abdomen
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compresses abdomen
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Function of diaphragm
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contraction flattens, increasing vertical dimension of thoracic cavity = inhalation; relaxation for normal exhalation
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Function of external intercostals
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Contraction elevated ribs, increasing front to back, side to side dimensions of thoracic cavity = inhalation; relaxation for normal exhalation
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Function of internal intercostals
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draws ribs together to decrease dimensions of thoracic cavity = forced exhalation
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Function of pectoralis minor
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abducts scapula, rotates it downward; elevates ribs during forced inhalation when scapula is fixed
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Function of trapezius
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elevates scapula, adducts scapula, depress and upward rotate scapula, stabilize scapula.
Layman's: Shrugs shoulders, extends head, elevates scapula |
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Function of pectoralis major
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adducts and rotates, flexes and extends arm at shoulder joint
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Function of latissimus dorsi
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Extends, adducts, rotates arm medially @ shoulder joint; draws arm downward and backward (chin ups & pull downs)
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Function of deltoid
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Abducts, flexes, extends and rotates arm @ shoulder joint
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Function of supraspinatus
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assists deltoid w/ abducting arm @ shoulder jt
Helps abduct humerus |
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Muscles that stabilize shoulder
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rotator cuffs
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Function of infraspinatus
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rotate are laterally @ shoulder jt
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Function of teres major
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Extends arm @ shoulder jt, assist w/ adduction & rotation of arm medially @ shoulder jt
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Function of teres minor
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Rotate arm laterally, extend arm
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Function of biceps brachii
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Flex & supinate forearm @ elbow, flex arm at shoulder
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Function of brachialis
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Flex forearm @ elbow jt
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Function of triceps
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Extend forearm @ elbow, extend arm @ shoulder jt
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Function of flexors
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flex and abduct hands @ wrist, flex phalanges
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Function of extensors
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Extend hand/phalanges
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Function of sternocleidomastoid
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Contract both, flex head, contract one, rotate head
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Function of hip flexors
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flex & rotate thigh laterally, flex vertebral column
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Function of gluteus maximus
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extend & rotate thigh laterally @ hip jt, helps lock knee in extension
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Function of gluteus medius
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Abducts & rotates thigh medially @ hip
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Function of adductor longus
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Adducts, rotates, flexes thigh @ hip jt
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Function of quadriceps
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extend leg @ knee jt; rectus femoris alone flexes thigh @ hip
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Function of hamstrings
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flex leg @ knee, extend thigh @ hip
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Function of gastrocnemius
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Plantar flexion, flex leg @ knee
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Function of soleus
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plantar flexion
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Function of tibialis anterior
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dorsiflexion, inversion of foot
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