Anatomy Test 1 Terms

Front 1

Gross Anatomy

Back 1

The study of the body, it's various structures, and how they relate to eachother (big stuff you can pick up and look at w/ naked eye)

Front 2

Histology

Back 2

microscopic anatomy (study of tissues)

Front 3

Cytology

Back 3

cellular anatomy (study of individual cells)

Front 4

Gross

Back 4

Macroscopic anatomy

Front 5

Embryology

Back 5

Developmental anatomy

Front 6

Teratology

Back 6

anatomical disorders during development (birth defects)

Front 7

Pathology

Back 7

disease states both natural and environmental

Front 8

Hippocrates

Back 8

father of medicine, disease is a natural process

Front 9

Aristotle

Back 9

father of comparative medicine, embryology, considered human-kind as an animal, coined term anatome- cutting things up to find whats inside

Front 10

Galen

Back 10

Greek physician, father of modern human anatomy

Front 11

Andreas Vesalius

Back 11

foather of modern medicine, aurthor of first book on human anatomy

Front 12

posteriour

Back 12

back

Front 13

anterior

Back 13

front

Front 14

superior

Back 14

up

Front 15

inferior

Back 15

below

Front 16

para-sagittal

Back 16

divides body into r/l portions

Front 17

mid-sagittal

Back 17

divides body into equal r/l halves

Front 18

coronal (frontal)

Back 18

divides body into ant./post. portions

Front 19

Transverse (cross)

Back 19

divides body into sup./inf. portions

Front 20

superior

Back 20

above [*cranial- toward head]

Front 21

inferior

Back 21

below [*caudal- toward tail]

Front 22

anterior

Back 22

front [ventral- away from backbone]

Front 23

posterior

Back 23

back [dorsal- toward backbone]

Front 24

medial

Back 24

toward the midline of the body

Front 25

lateral

Back 25

away from the midline of the body

Front 26

proximal

Back 26

closer to the reference point

Front 27

distal

Back 27

distant to the reference point

Front 28

cavities

Back 28

protect organs, restrict organ motion

Front 29

levels of organization in body

Back 29

chemical<cellular<organ<organism

Front 30

cell membrane

Back 30

barrier, filter, interface

Front 31

cell appendages

Back 31

flagellum, cilia, villi

Front 32

flagellum

Back 32

propulsion (sperm)

Front 33

cilia

Back 33

"sweeping motion" moves exterior particles

Front 34

villi

Back 34

increase surface are for secrete/absorb

Front 35

cytoskeleton

Back 35

microfilaments + microtubles, some are very structured others are just sacs

Front 36

cytoplasm

Back 36

cell contents (cytosol + organelles)

Front 37

mitochondria

Back 37

burns oxygen/sugar to produce ATP

Front 38

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 38

synthesis of cell products, helps cell make whatever it is suppose to make

Front 39

golgi apparatus

Back 39

storage of cell products

Front 40

secretory vesicles

Back 40

expulsion of cell products

Front 41

nucleus

Back 41

control center (DNA, RNA)

Front 42

tissue

Back 42

group of similar cells which are combined to perform a specific function

Front 43

preparation of tissues for viewing

Back 43

planes of section (organ-wise), preservation, imbedding, sectioning, and mounting, tissue staining, viewing

Front 44

Basic types of tissue

Back 44

epithelium, connective, muscle, neural

Front 45

epithelium

Back 45

cellular sheet protect, absorb, secrete

Front 46

connective

Back 46

fibrous, supportive

Front 47

muscle

Back 47

contractile proteins

Front 48

neural

Back 48

electically conductive

Front 49

cell shape

Back 49

flat, cube-shaped, colums, irregular

Front 50

limination

Back 50

number of layers

Front 51

ornamentation

Back 51

projections (cilia, flagella, microvilli)

Front 52

epithelia 4 main functions

Back 52

protection, absoption, secretion, excretion

Front 53

epithelial tissues 5 characteristics

Back 53

cellular (made of cells attached to a membrane), polarity (has a top and bottom) basement membrane, avascular (dont come into contact w/ blood vessels), regeneration

Front 54

epithelia

Back 54

sheets of tissues

Front 55

mucous membrane

Back 55

lines cavities/surfaces that are exposed to the external environment and keeps them moist (keep things well lubricated, very well supplied w/ blood vessels right outside basement membrane)

Front 56

serous membrane

Back 56

covers organs/lines body body cavities and produces a lubricant to aid the organs as they move

Front 57

synovial membrane

Back 57

lines joint cavities, and provides for exchange of fluids/solutes b/t the joint cavity and the adjacent tissues (found on ends of bone)

Front 58

cutanious membrane

Back 58

(skin) covers body, thick, relatively waterproof, abrasion resistant