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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Integumentary system |
Edpidermis, dermis, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands |
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Layers:
Epidermis |
Stratified squamaous |
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Layers:
Dermis |
Areolar and dense irregular tissue |
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Layers:
subcutaneous |
hypodermis (not actually part of integumentary system) |
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Functions of Integumentary system |
Protection water loss prevention temperature regulation metabolic regulation immune defense sensory perception excretion through secretion
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Epidermis -layers |
Stratum Basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosom Stratum lucidum (thick skin only) stratum corneume
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Epidermis: Stratum Balsale |
Deepest 3 types of cells: kertainocytes melanocytes tactile cells |
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kertainocytes
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most abundant cell type kertainocyte stem cells produce keratin keratine intertwines for strength |
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Melanocytes |
Produce and store pigments scattered among keratinocytes UV protection |
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tactile cells |
Few and far between sensitive to touch release chemicals when compressed to info about what is being touched |
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Epidermis- Stratum Spinosum |
1.composed of several layers of keratinocytes 2. keratinocytes that migrate up from basale become specialized and non-dividing 3. keratinocytes attach to one another 4. epidermal dendritic cells 5. porcupine or hedgehog |
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Epidermis: Stratum granulosum |
1. 3-5 layers of keratinocytes 2. 2 types of granules: 1. lamellar- fuse with plasma membrane and extrude their contents- mostly lipids 2. keratohyaline- keratinization keratinocytes fill with keratin, get flatter and thinner, plasma membrane gets thicker -organelles disinitegrate -what is left is dehydrated, tightly, interlocked fibers |
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epidermis- Stratum lucidum |
clear layers, 2-3 cells thick found only in thick skin (palms and soles) cells in intermediate keratinized process
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Epidermis: Stratum Corneum |
horn like - 20-30 layers of dead keatinized cells Anucleated and tightly packed -takes to weeks to go from basale to corneum sloughed off after another 2 weeks -Dry protects against bacteria |
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Thick Epidermis |
has all 5 layers -palms and soles -has sweat glands, but no hair, nails |
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Thin Epidermis
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No stratum luidum -has hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
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SKIN COLOR |
results from hemoglobin, melanin and carotene |
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Hemoglobin |
pinkish due to iron |
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carotene |
orangish from food |
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melanin |
pigment produced by melanocytes -comes in yellow, red, brown, black, tan hues -darkens with exposure to sunlight -all people have the same number of melanocytes |
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Dermis |
Areolar and dense irregular connective tissure -mostly collagen contains blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, nail root, sensory nerve ending and smooth muscle tissue -papillary and reticular |
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Dermis- Papillary layer |
Superficial layer of dermis-areolar CT -dermal papillae- project toward epidermis and interlock with epidermal ridges --increase contact with epidermis
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Dermis- Reticular layer |
deep portion, dense irregular CT -CTT interwoven around embedded structures-hair follicles, excretory glands, nerves, blood suplies |
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Nerve and blood supply |
nerves-sensory receptors-control blood flow and gland secretion dermis supplies nutrients to epidermis vasoconstriction and vasodilation |
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thermoregulation |
105-110: tissue damage, death 97-100: normal function 92-95: confusion, slowed reaction, loss of consciousness 80: brain damage |
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subcutaneous layer: hypordermis |
areolar and adipose tisse subcutaneous fat - where adipose tissue dominates highly vascular distribution is variable between the sexes |
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Epidermal Derived structures
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derived from epidermal invaginations that reach dermis during development (hair, nails, exocrine glands) |
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HAIRRR |
found everywhere excepts fingers, toes palms and soles lips -from keatinized cells growing from hair follicle -langugo -vellus -terminal |
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Arrector pili |
GOOSEBUMBS |
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HAIR: GROWTH: |
18 mo-7 years of rapid growth, |
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HAIR: |
division stops, 3-4 weeks, follicle shrinks and goes to surface |
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HAIR: GROWTH: Telogen Phase |
resting phase, hair sheds, 3-4 months until stimulated agai in anagen |
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HAIR Function |
protection heat retention sensory reception visual identification chemical signal dispersal fashion statement |
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Sudoriferous glands |
secrete sweat secrete through sweat duct and pore and hair follicle made of myoepitheilal cells Merocrine= widely distributed, thermoregulation, secretion and protection Apocrine= release into hair follicles - armpits, nipples, groin, anus |
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Sebaceous glands |
holocrine oily, waxy inactive until puberty most active o face and scalp blocked duct= boil
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ceruminous glands |
true apocrine located in external auditory meatus cerumen= ear wax keeps nasties out of ear |
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Mammary glands |
breast modified apocrine glands both men and women have- only activated in women pregnancy produce milk |
