Anatomy Test 1

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

The study of the human body structures and their relationship to each other.

Front 2

Gross anatomy

Back 2

Visible to the naked eye

Front 3

Microscopic anatomy

Back 3

Need an aid to be seen

Front 4

Regional

Back 4

Study all the structures in a given body region

Front 5

Systemic

Back 5

Structures related by a common purpose

Front 6

Surface

Back 6

Study of the internal structure and how they relate to the outer lying skin

Front 7

Developmental

Back 7

Combines anatomy and physiology and how structures change throughout the lifespan

Front 8

Physiology

Back 8

the science of the functioning of living systems

Front 9

Homeostasis

Back 9

Steady state

Front 10

Negative feedback

Back 10

Response in an opposite direction (sweat)

Front 11

Positive feedback

Back 11

Response in the same direction (childbirth)

Front 12

Law of complimentarity

Back 12

Form fits function. Structures are designed to carry out specific functions

Front 13

Anatomical position

Back 13

Body erect, feet slightly apart, arms at the side, palms facing out.

Front 14

Superior/inferior

Back 14

Towards the head/Away from the head

Front 15

Posterior/Anterior

Dorsal/Ventral

Back 15

Front of the body/Back of the body

Front 16

Medial/Lateral

Back 16

Towards the midline/Away from the midline

Front 17

Proximal/Distal

Back 17

Closer to the point of attachment/Away from point of attachment

Front 18

Superficial/Deep

Back 18

Towards body surface/More internal

Front 19

Sagittal plane
Midsagittal
Parasagittal

Back 19

Right and Left sections
Equal portions
Unequal portions

Front 20

Transverse/horizontal

Back 20

Cut into superior and inferior planes

Front 21

Coronal/Frontal

Back 21

Anterior/Posterior planes

Front 22

Atoms

Back 22

Smallest unit of an element

Front 23

Molecule

Back 23

two+ atoms bonded together, can be same of different elements

Front 24

Organelle

Back 24

Most are membrane bound, form a specific functions inside the ctyoplasm inside the cell

Front 25

Cell

Back 25

Smallest functional/structural unit that demonstrates the properties of life. Has a cell membrane w/ cytoplasm

Front 26

Tissue

Back 26

2+ Cells

Front 27

Organs

Back 27

2+ tissues

Front 28

Organ system

Back 28

2+ Organs

Front 29

Multicellular Organism

Back 29

11 body systems that maintain internal environment

Front 30

Integumentary

Back 30

Skin

Front 31

Skeletal

Back 31

Bones, ligaments, tendons

Front 32

Muscular

Back 32

Muscles attached to bones

Front 33

Lymphatic

Back 33

Spleen, Lymph nodes, thymus, red bone marrow

Front 34

Respiratory

Back 34

Lungs, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity

Front 35

Digestive

Back 35

Oral, esophagus, liver, intetines, rectum, anus

Front 36

Nervous

Back 36

Brain, Spinal chord, nerves

Front 37

Endocrine

Back 37

Pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testies

Front 38

Cardiovascular

Back 38

Heart, blood vessels, blood

Front 39

Urinary

Back 39

Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

Front 40

Reproductive

Back 40

Penis, Vagina,prostate, ovaries

Front 41

Pleural cavity/ lining

Back 41

Lungs/Parital plura

Front 42

Mediastinum/ Lining

Back 42

Thymus, esophogus, Trachea/

Front 43

Pericardial/ Lining

Back 43

Heart/ Pericardium

Front 44

Abdominal/ Lining

Back 44

Liver, Stomach, Spleen, Intestines/Peritonium

Front 45

Characteristics of a living organism

Back 45

Maintain boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness, Metabolism, Digestion, Excretion, Reproduction

Front 46

Atomic Number

Back 46

Equal to the number of protons

Front 47

Atomic Mass

Back 47

Sum of the masses of it's protons and neutrons

Front 48

Ion

Back 48

Neutral partical

Front 49

Anion

Back 49

Negative partical

Front 50

Cation

Back 50

Positive Partical

Front 51

isotope

Back 51

are different types of atoms (nuclides) of the same chemical element, each having a different number of neutrons.

Front 52

Solvent

Back 52

The substance present in the greatest amount

Front 53

Solute

Back 53

Substance in the smaller amounts

Front 54

Solution

Back 54

Homogeneous mixture of components that may be gases, liquids, or solids

Front 55

Metabolism

Back 55

the set of chemical reactions that happen in living organisms to maintain life

Front 56

Anabolism

Back 56

synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substance

Front 57

Catabolism

Back 57

Breaking down more substances into their simpler building blocks

Front 58

Ionic bond

Back 58

Present in sodium Chloride, Electrons transfer between atoms

Front 59

Covalent bond

Back 59

Forms within a water molecule, atoms share electrons

Front 60

Hydrogen bond

Back 60

Hydrogen atom in one molecule is attached to the oxygen atom of another molecule

Front 61

Polar Bond

Back 61

Unequal electron pair sharing

Front 62

Nonpolar Bond

Back 62

Electrically balanced

Front 63

Ph Scale
pH of Urine and Blood

Back 63

Based on the number of hydrogen ions in solution
6/7.4

Front 64

Lipid soluble

Back 64

The maximum concentration of a chemical that will dissolve in fatty substances. Lipid soluble substances are insoluble in water.

Front 65

Hydophobic

Back 65

Fear of water

Front 66

Water soluble

Back 66

capable of being dissolved in some solvent (usually water)

Front 67

Hydrophilic

Back 67

Water loving

Front 68

Macromolecules

Back 68

Biological polymers. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and nucleic acids

Front 69

Carbohydrates

Back 69

CnH2nOn, sugars or saccharides

Front 70

Monosaccharides

Back 70

single sugar: glucose, galactose, fructose, deoxyribose, ribose

Front 71

Disaccharides

Back 71

double sugars: maltose, lactose, sucrose

Front 72

Polysaccharides

Back 72

many sugars: glycogen, starch and cellulose

Front 73

Lipids

Back 73

C, H, and O, but not in a specific ratio. Triglycerides, Phospholipids and Sterols

Front 74

triglycerides

Back 74

glycerol and three fatty acids. Fats and oils

Front 75

Phospholipids

Back 75

make up our cell membranes: note the ends (polar head and nonpolar tail)

Front 76

Cholesterol

Back 76

is the Sterol backbone for many important products such as Bile, Vitamin D and the “steroid hormones” testosterone and estrogen

Front 77

Proteins

Back 77

C, H, O and N. Building blocks of proteins are called amino acids

Front 78

Structural Proteins

Back 78

give shape, support EX: collagen in skin and connective tissue

Front 79

Transport Proteins

Back 79

shuttle molecules EX: hemoglobin in RBCs; myoglobin in muscle cells shuttle oxygen

Front 80

Regulatory Proteins

Back 80

control what other cells do EX1: hormones such as insulin or thyroid hormone; EX2: neurotransmitters such as dopamine or catecholamines

Front 81

Primary

Back 81

the sequence of amino acids

Front 82

Secondary

Back 82

the chain of amino acids is pleated (accordian fold) or spiraled (helix)

Front 83

Tertiary

Back 83

the polypeptide assumes a third dimension as it forms a “globule”

Front 84

Quaternary

Back 84

the interaction (H-bonds) between two or more polypeptides

Front 85

How to denature a protein

Back 85

Heat and pH

Front 86

Describe the action of enzymes

Back 86

reduces energy of activation rate

Front 87

Basic structure are function of the cell membrane

Back 87

Structure: Phospholipid bilayer

Function: Regulates passage of materials from out the cell

Front 88

Simple Diffusion

Back 88

Moves from high concentration to low through the phospholipid bilayer. Small non polar, uncharged, lipid soluable