Anatomical Positions, Basic Terminology, Etc. (Anatomy Test 1)

Front 1

abrasion

Back 1

a scraping or rubbing away of the skin due to friction

Front 2

abscess

Back 2

abscess a localized collection of puss in any part of the body.

Front 3

bedsore (decubitus ulcer)

Back 3

an ulcer in the skin over a bony part of the body resulting from a loss of blood supply and oxygen to the area due to pressure on that part of the body.

Front 4

boil

Back 4

inflammation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands, usually by Staphylococcus and streptococcus.

Front 5

callus

Back 5

a common, usually painless thickening of the epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction.

Front 6

carbuncle

Back 6

inflammation of the skin and deeper tissue containing pus and discharges to the surface.

Front 7

cellulitis

Back 7

a diffuse acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue having localized heat, deep redness, pain, and swelling.

Front 8

chicken pox

Back 8

tiny pustules by herpes varicella, currently preventable by vaccination.

Front 9

contact dermatitis

Back 9

itching, redness, and swelling,progressing to blister formation due to contact with chemicals, or poison ivy. Includes diaper rash.

Front 10

contussion

Back 10

an injury to a part of the body without a break in the skin

Front 11

corn

Back 11

a callus grown inward

Front 12

cryosurgery

Back 12

a noninvasive treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer using liquid nitrogen which freezes the tissue.

Front 13

cyst

Back 13

a closed sac or pouch in or within the skin that contains fluid, semi-fluid, or solid material.

Front 14

debridement

Back 14

removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and to promote healing.

Front 15

dermatitis

Back 15

inflammation of the skin

Front 16

diaphoresis

Back 16

the secretion of sweat

Front 17

eczema

Back 17

an acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition having erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs with intense itching.

Front 18

exfoliation

Back 18

peeling off of tissue cells, as in peeling of the skin after a severe sunburn

Front 19

exoderma pigmentosum

Back 19

sun exposure causing extreme freckling

Front 20

fifths disease

Back 20

begins with a slapped cheek appearance followed by red spots all over the body lasting for two days caused by HPV.

Front 21

folliculitis

Back 21

inflammation of the hair follicle

Front 22

furuncle

Back 22

a localized pus- producing infection origination deep in the hair follicle, a boil.

Front 23

gangrene

Back 23

death of tissue

Front 24

ichthyosis

Back 24

an inherited dermatological condition in which the skin is dry,hyperkeratotic, and fissured, like fish scales. 3 manifestations exist.

Front 25

impetigo

Back 25

contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, usually forming on the face.

Front 26

keloid

Back 26

an enlarged, irregularly shaped and elevated scar that forms due to the presence of large amounts of collagen during the formation of the scar.

Front 27

laceration

Back 27

a tear in the skin

Front 28

lesion

Back 28

any visible damage to the tissues of the skin, such as a wound,sore, rash, or boil.

Front 29

liver spots

Back 29

harmless brown spots on the back of hands, usually found on the elderly, due to increased pigmentation, not due to liver problems.

Front 30

lyme's disease

Back 30

large rash resembling a bull's eye on the thighs or trunk caused by a tick

Front 31

mast cell

Back 31

a cell, found within the connective tissue, that contains heparin and histamine; these substances are released from the mast cell in response to injury or infection.

Front 32

necrosis

Back 32

degeneration of tissue

Front 33

nevus

Back 33

a mole

Front 34

onycholysis

Back 34

separation of the fingernail from its bed

Front 35

pachyderma

Back 35

abnormal thickening of the skin

Front 36

paronychia

Back 36

inflammation of the fold of the skin surrounding the fingernail, also called run-around.

Front 37

pediculosis

Back 37

infestation with lice

Front 38

pimple

Back 38

a papule of the skin

Front 39

polyp

Back 39

a small, stalk-like growth that protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface, like a mushroom stalk

Front 40

pores

Back 40

openings of the skin through which substances such as water, salts, and some fatty substances are excreted

Front 41

pruritus

Back 41

itching

Front 42

psoriasis

Back 42

a common,noninfectious, chronic disorder of the skin manifested by silvery-white scales over round, raised, reddened plaques producing pruritus.

Front 43

pustule

Back 43

a small elevation of the skin filled with pus, a small abscess

Front 44

scarlet fever

Back 44

sunburn like rash that begins near the ears and spreads to the face and abdomen caused by streptococcus pyogenes

Front 45

sebaceous cyst

Back 45

a cyst filled with a cheesy material composed of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland, also known as an epidermoid cyst.

Front 46

seborrhea

Back 46

excessive secretion of sebum , resulting in excessive oiliness or dry scales

Front 47

skin tags

Back 47

a small brownish colored or flesh colored outgrowth of skin occurring frequently on the neck.

Front 48

systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Back 48

a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the nervous system and kin, renal problems, an vasculitis. (butterfly rash on face)

Front 49

tinea

Back 49

ringworm; a chronic fungal infection of the skin that is characterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions

Front 50

tinea capiitis

Back 50

ringworm of the scalp

Front 51

tinea corporis

Back 51

ringworm of the body

Front 52

tinea cruris

Back 52

ringworm of the groin

Front 53

tinea pedis

Back 53

ring worm of the foot or athlete's foot

Front 54

vesicle

Back 54

a small, thin-walled, skin lesion containing clear fluid;a blister

Front 55

vitiligo

Back 55

a skin disorder characterized by non-pigmented white patches of skin of varying sizes that are surrounded by skin with normal pigmentation.

Front 56

wart

Back 56

a benign, elevated skin lesion that results from hypertrophy of the epidermis; caused by HPV

Front 57

wheal

Back 57

a circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin that is paler in the center that its surrounding edges; hives

Front 58

hemagioma

Back 58

blood-like blister that comes to surface

Front 59

hypertrichosis

Back 59

a genetic disorder, excessive growth of hair

Front 60

tinea versicolor

Back 60

white patches

Front 61

tinea barbae

Back 61

ringworm of the beard

Front 62

dorsal

Back 62

pertaining to the back

Front 63

ventral

Back 63

pertaining to the underside

Front 64

lateral

Back 64

to the side

Front 65

ipsilateral

Back 65

same side

Front 66

contralateral

Back 66

opposite sides

Front 67

anterior

Back 67

front end

Front 68

posterior

Back 68

rear end

Front 69

superior

Back 69

above another part or closer to the head

Front 70

inferior

Back 70

below another part or closer to the feet

Front 71

medial

Back 71

towards imaginary midline

Front 72

central

Back 72

middle

Front 73

peripheral

Back 73

nearest surface

Front 74

proximal

Back 74

nearest main mass or nearest point of attachment
(elbow is proximal to the wrist)

Front 75

distal

Back 75

further from point of attachment or away from main mass (fingers are distal to wrist)

Front 76

superficial

Back 76

on the surface

Front 77

deep

Back 77

most internal

Front 78

cephalic

Back 78

head

Front 79

celiac

Back 79

abdomen

Front 80

carpal

Back 80

wrist

Front 81

caudal

Back 81

tail

Front 82

abdominal

Back 82

between the thorax and abdomen

Front 83

acromial

Back 83

point of the shoulder

Front 84

antebrachial

Back 84

forearm

Front 85

antecubital

Back 85

front of the elbow

Front 86

axillary

Back 86

under arms

Front 87

buccal

Back 87

cheek

Front 88

brachial

Back 88

upper arm

Front 89

cervical

Back 89

neck

Front 90

costal

Back 90

ribs

Front 91

coxal

Back 91

hip

Front 92

crural

Back 92

leg

Front 93

cubital

Back 93

elbow

Front 94

digital

Back 94

finger

Front 95

frotnal

Back 95

forehead

Front 96

femoral

Back 96

thigh

Front 97

genital

Back 97

reproductive organs

Front 98

gluteal

Back 98

near buttocks

Front 99

inguinal

Back 99

near groin

Front 100

lumbar

Back 100

lower back

Front 101

nasal

Back 101

nose

Front 102

mammary

Back 102

breast

Front 103

mental

Back 103

chin

Front 104

ooccipital

Back 104

back of skull

Front 105

oral

Back 105

mouth

Front 106

orbital

Back 106

eye cavity

Front 107

otic

Back 107

ear

Front 108

palmar

Back 108

palm

Front 109

perineal

Back 109

region between anus and external reproductive organs

Front 110

pectoral

Back 110

chest

Front 111

pedal

Back 111

foot

Front 112

pelvic

Back 112

hips

Front 113

plantar

Back 113

sole of foot

Front 114

popliteal

Back 114

area behind knee

Front 115

sacral

Back 115

between hipbones

Front 116

sternal

Back 116

middle of thorax

Front 117

tarsal

Back 117

instep

Front 118

umbilical

Back 118

navel

Front 119

vertebral

Back 119

spinal column

Front 120

supination

Back 120

palm up

Front 121

pronation

Back 121

palm down

Front 122

abduction

Back 122

away from the midline

Front 123

adduction

Back 123

towards the midline

Front 124

flexion

Back 124

decrease angle

Front 125

extesion

Back 125

increase angle

Front 126

circumduction

Back 126

moving in a circular path

Front 127

dorsiflexion

Back 127

bending foot upward

Front 128

plantar flexion

Back 128

bending foot downwards

Front 129

protraction

Back 129

moving part forward

Front 130

retraction

Back 130

moving part backwards

Front 131

rotation

Back 131

moving around on an axis

Front 132

hyperextension

Back 132

movement beyond normal position

Front 133

inversion

Back 133

moving the sole inward

Front 134

eversion

Back 134

moving the sole outward

Front 135

elevation

Back 135

raising a part

Front 136

depression

Back 136

lowering a part

Front 137

epigastric

Back 137

left lobe and medial part of the right lobe of the liver, pyloric portion and lesser curvature of the stomach, superior and descending portions of the duodenum, body and superior portion of the head of the pancreas, right and left adrenal glands

Front 138

right hypchondriac

Back 138

right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, superior third of right kidney

Front 139

left hypochondriac

Back 139

body of the stomach, spleen, left colic (splenic), flexure, superior two-thirds of left kidney, and tail of pancreas

Front 140

umbilical

Back 140

middle portion of transverse colon,inferior part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and bifurcation (branching) of abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava

Front 141

right lumbar

Back 141

superior part of cecum, ascending colon, right colic (hepatic) flexure, inferior lateral portion of right kidney, and small intestine.

Front 142

left lumbar

Back 142

descending colon, inferior third of left kidney, and small intestine

Front 143

hypogastric (pubic)

Back 143

urinary bladder when full, small intestine, and part of sigmoid colon

Front 144

right iliac (inguinal)

Back 144

lower end of cecum, appendix,and small intestine

Front 145

left iliac (inguinal)

Back 145

junction of descending and sigmoid parts of colon small intestine

Front 146

the quadrants

Back 146

Front 147

oral cavity

Back 147

contains teeth and tongue

Front 148

nasal cavity

Back 148

located withing the nose and divided into the right and left portion of the nasal septum.

Front 149

orbital cavity

Back 149

contains the eyes, associated muscles and nerves.

Front 150

middle ear cavity

Back 150

bones and structures of the middle ear

Front 151

disease

Back 151

any change in the state of health in which part or all of the body is not carrying out its normal function

Front 152

local disease

Back 152

affects one part or a limited area of the body

Front 153

systematic diasease

Back 153

affects either the entire body or several parts

Front 154

symptom

Back 154

a subjective change in body functions not apparent to an observer

Front 155

syndrome

Back 155

a specific group of symptoms and signs accompanying a particular disease

Front 156

epidemiology

Back 156

why, when, and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted

Front 157

pharmacology

Back 157

the effects and use of drugs in the treatment of disease

Front 158

diagnosis

Back 158

distinguishing one disease from another or determining the nature of a disease

Front 159

computed tomography scanning (CT scan)

Back 159

combines computer technology and principles of x-ray technology. CT scans are 10-20 times more detailed than conventional x-rays. used to detect blood clots, tumors, aneurysms, kidney stones, gallstones, tissue damage, and deformities. however,it does not tell how an organ is functioning.

Front 160

positron emission tomography (PET scan)

Back 160

reveals the metabolic state of an organ by measuring the rate at which tissues consume chemical substances such as glucose. Used to diagnose cancer, cardiovascular problems, brain disorders.

Front 161

dynamic spatial re-constructor (DSR)

Back 161

produces 3-D computer generated images to reveal the flow of blood thorough the brain. may be used to prevent impending strokes.

Front 162

magnetic resonance imaging (MSR) (NMR)

Back 162

envelopes the patient in a strong magnetic field to detect differences n healthy and unhealthy tissue. no x-ray or dyes or radioactive tracers, does not register bone that obscures soft tissue, can detect damaged myelin sheaths,detects build-up of fatty tissues around vessels, detects atherosclerosis, detects brain tumors.

Front 163

digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

Back 163

uses a computer to show blockages of blood vessels as well as determine flow rates. useful in predicting heart attacks.

Front 164

ultrasound

Back 164

sends pulses of high freq. sound waves into designated body regions. used to look at compact organs such as the lungs. differentiated between healthy and non-healthy tissue, look at fetus, detect ectopic and multiple pregnancies, fetal surgery, reveals birth defects.

Front 165

thermography

Back 165

reveals chemical reactions that are taking place within the body based on heat changes in the skin. Used to detect cancer, arthritis, and circulation problems.