Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the epithelial?
|
the layer that covers surfaces and cavities.
|
|
|
what is the Basal Lamina?
|
the "basement layer" that the epithelial tissue rests on.
|
|
|
what are exocrine glands and how do they work?
|
they are glands with ducts. the secretion travels up the duct to the surface of the epithelial.
|
|
|
what are endocrine glands and how do they work?
|
they are ductless glands. they secrete onto surrounding blood vessels or other tissues. usually hormones.
|
|
|
what is simple epithelial?
|
one layer of epithelial cells.
|
|
|
what is stratified epithelial?
|
more than one layer of epithelial cells.
|
|
|
what is squamous epithelial?
|
flat, tile-like epithelial cells.
|
|
|
what is cuboidal epithelial?
|
cube shaped epithelial cells.
|
|
|
what is transitional epithelial?
|
more than one layer of epithelial cells that can stretch and expand until they are only one layer of cells.
|
|
|
what is columnar epithelial?
|
column-like shaped epithelial cells. they are taller than they are wide.
|
|
|
what is pseudostratified epithelial?
|
epithelial tissue that looks like there is more than one layer of epithelial cells but all the cells rest directly on the basal lamina.
|
|
|
what is the matrix in epithelial tissue?
|
the extracellular complex made up of fiber.
|
|
|
what is a merocrine secretion?
|
the secretion is in a vessicle which goes to the duct of a cell where is pops open. the secretion is released from the cell when the duct over fills. more watery secretion.
|
|
|
what is an apocrine secretion?
|
the secretion is released by part of the cell popping and spilling onto its surroundings. this is a fatty secretion due to the membrane that popped. the cell repairs itself.
|
|
|
what is a holocrine secretion?
|
the secretion is released by part of the cell popping. this causes a fatty secretion. the cell is replaced by new cells being made in lower levels of epithelial.
|
|
|
describe connective tissue proper.
|
the matrix is semi solid with a high number of cells.
|
|
|
what are fibroblasts?
|
they produce connective tissue fibers and maintain the matrix.
|
|
|
what are adipocytes?
|
cells that store lipid reserves.
|
|
|
what are mesenchymal cells?
|
connective tissue stem cells that can differentiate into other types of cells.
|
|
|
what is loose connective tissue?
|
many cells with less matrix. an example of this is adipose tissue.
|
|
|
what is areolar tissue?
|
loose fibers, mostly ground substance.
|
|
|
what is adipose tissue?
|
fatty tissue. it provides padding and acts as an insulator. found mostly under the skin.
|
|
|
what is dense connective tissue?
|
mostly fibers and the fibers are mostly collagen fibers.
|
|
|
what is dense regular connective tissue?
|
collagen fibers tightly packed all going in the same direction. example ligaments and tendons.
|
|
|
what is dense irregular connective tissue?
|
collagen fibers going in many directios creating a mesh-like substance.
|
|
|
what is fluid connective tissue?
|
the matrix is fluid. examples are blood and lymph.
|
|
|
what is cartilage?
|
a supporting connective tissue that is mineralized.
|
|
|
what are chondrotitin sulfates?
|
a firm gel that contains a complex of polysaccharides in cartilage.
|
|
|
what are chrondrocytes?
|
cartilage cells.
|
|
|
what is hyaline cartilage?
|
found between bones, has a tightly packed matrix.
|
|
|
what is elastic cartilage?
|
many elastin fibers. found in the ears and nose.
|
|
|
what is fibrocartilage?
|
very little ground substance. mostly collagen fibers. found between vertebrae.
|
|
|
what is mucous membrane?
|
lines passage ways, absorbs and secretes, and has cillia.
|
|
|
what is serous membrane?
|
makes a watery solution, lines celomic cavities, and can change in size.
|
|
|
what is cutaneous membrane?
|
skin!
|
|
|
what is synovial membrane?
|
between joints, help lubricate joints to provide smooth movements.
|
|
|
what is the epidermis?
|
the superficial layers of the skin.
|
|
|
what is the dermis?
|
the deep layers of the skin.
|
|
|
what is the stratum germinativum or the stratum basale?
|
produces new keratincytes which replace more superficial cells.
|
|
|
what is the stratum corneum?
|
the surface of the skin. it is 15-30 layers of flattened, dead cells.
|
|
|
what is the stratum lucidum?
|
it is the glassy layer found in the skin. it is flat densely packed keratin filled cells.
|
|
|
what is the stratum gradulosum?
|
the superficial layers of the stratum grenulosum.
|
|
|
what is the stratum spinosum?
|
located above the stratum germinativum. the spiny layers of keratinocytes.
|
|
|
what is the function of melanin?
|
makes skin color.
|
|
|
what is the papillary layer?
|
superficial layer of the dermis. contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and sensory nerves.
|
|
|
what is the reticular layer?
|
the deepest layer of the dermis. made of mesh-like collagen and elastin (irregular connective tissue).
|
|
|
What is the subcutaneous layer?
|
also known as the hypodermis or superficial facia. it stabilizes the skin.
|
|
|
what are the sebaceous glands?
|
oil glands. produce a waxy secretion called the sebum into hair follicles.
|
|
|
what are apocrine sweat glands?
|
sweat glands that produce an odorous secretion.
|
|
|
what are merocrine sweat glands?
|
also known as eccrine sweat glands. produce a watery secretion.
|
|
|
what are osteocytes?
|
mature bone cells
|
|
|
what are osteoblasts?
|
immature, bone forming cells
|
|
|
what is osteolysis?
|
the process of dissolving boney matrix
|
|
|
what are osteoprogenitor?
|
cells that repair bone structures
|
|
|
what is compact bone?
|
dense bones. flat bones.
|
|
|
what is spongy bone?
|
makes up long bones
|
|
|
what is the periosteum?
|
the outer layer of cells in bones.
|
|
|
what is the endosteum?
|
the inner layer of cells in bone
|
|
|
what is ossification?
|
the making of bones
|
|
|
what is calcification?
|
the process of deposition of calcium salts in a tissue.
|
|
|
what is intramembranous ossification?
|
also known as dermal ossification. bone forms in connective tissue layers.
|
|
|
what is endochondral ossification?
|
a cartilage mold is formed and the bone grows within the "molds"
|
|
|
what is epiphyseal cartilage?
|
separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis; the amount of it shrinks as the bone grows.
|
|
|
what are osteoclasts?
|
very large bone cells that secrete acids that dissolve boney matrix.
|
|
|
what is the epiphysis?
|
the very top and bottom part of long bones.
|
|
|
what is the metaphysis?
|
the part of a bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis.
|
|
|
what is the diaphysis?
|
the shaft part of long bones.
|
|
|
what is articular cartilage?
|
at the joints in bones, remains after the bone is fully developed.
|
