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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomical Position
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Head Forward, Arms at sides palms forward, thumbs lateral toes forward
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Frontal Plane
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aka Coronal plane - divides front and back
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Sagittal Plane
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left and right.. mid means split in half
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Transverse Plane
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aka Horizontal plane
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Axial Skeleton
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cranium, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, sternum
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Appendicular Skeleton
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Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
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Roles of Bone
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support, protect, mechanical foundation, stores minerals, acid balance base, new supply of RBC's
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Types of Bone
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Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid(contained w/in a tendon
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Parts of Standard Bone
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Epiphysis- End
Metaphysis- Flare or Protrusion Diaphysis- Shaft |
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Tendon
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attaches muscle to bone ex. biceps tendon... sharpies fibers is how they attach to bone
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Aponeurosis
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flat fiborous sheet of connective tissue that extends from a muscle to connect to bone or other tissues
ex. aponeurosis of abs |
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Ligament
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Band of fiborous connective tissue that connects bone to bone...limits motion/adds stability
ex. ACL |
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Joint
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Articulation between two or more bones or parts of bones
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Types of Joints
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Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
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Fibrous Joint
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joined by fibrous tissue and allow minimal motion...3 types-suture (skull), syndesmosis(btwn radius and ulna), gomphosis(teeth to bone)
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Cartilaginous Joint
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United by cartilage...Priamry -synchondrosis (temporary)
Secondary- symphysis (discs or pubic symphysis) |
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Synovial Joints
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Most common, Allow most movement are most important for function, have a joint cavity, have articular cartilage on joint surfaces
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Types of Synovial Joints
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Plane (AC joint), Hinge (Proximal Interphalanges Joint), Condyloid (metacarpal-phalanges...round articulating with flat), Saddle(thumb), Ball & Socket (Hip), Pivot (C1 & C2)
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Palpable spinous processes as landmarks/Structural Elements of vertebrae
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pg 14
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Types of Vertebrae
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7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal
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Joints of Vertebral Column
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1. anterior intervertebral joints (btwn verterbral bodies) 2. Zygopophyseal (btwn inf and sup articular processes) 3. craniovertebral joints
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Movements of Vertebral Colum by Region
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1. cervical - flexion, lateral flexion. 2. thoracic - rotation 3. lumbar - extension and lateral flexion
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Primary Curves of Spine
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Thoracic & Sacral Kyphosis
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Secondary Curves of Spine
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Cervical & Lumbar Lordosis
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Ligaments of the Vertebral Comumn
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Body- anterior/posterior longitudinal liagaments
Arch- intertransverse, interspinous, supraspinous, ligamenta flava |
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Abdominal Muscles
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rectus abdominus, internal & external obliques, transverse abdominis
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Roles of Abdominal Muscles
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Flexion, stabalization, protects viscera, partruition
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Rectus Abdominis
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Longitudinal Fiber, forward flexion
O:pubic symphysis and pubic crest I:Xiphoid process, costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 N: thoracoabdominal nerves |
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Internal Oblique
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Superiomedial to inferiolateral, ipsilateral rotation same, O:Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior illiac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
I: inferior borders of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pecten pubis via conjoint tendons N: thoracoabdominal nerves |
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External Oblique
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Superiolateral to Ineriomedial, tubercle,contralateral rotation opposite,
Attachments: ribs 5-12 to pubic tubercle and anterior half of iliac crest N: Thoracoabdominal nerves |
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Transverse Abdominis
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girdle, compress and support,
O: 7-12th costal cartilage, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest I: linea alba w/ aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, pecten pubis via conjoint tendon N: thoracoabdominal nerves |
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Pelvis
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pg 1
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Boundries of Abdomen
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Xiphoid process, costal margin, line btwn ASIS and pubic symphosis
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Abdominal Landmarks
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tendinous intersections, linea similunaris, linea alba
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Rectus Sheath
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strong fascia formed by interweaving of the aponeurosis of obliques and transverse abdominis
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Inguinal Region
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structures enter and exit abdominal cavity, potential site for hernias, oblique passage through inferior part of abdominal wall, creates passage for all cords on their way out
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Cervical Vertebrae
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7; Bifid spinous process, superior articulating facets face up, transverse foramina
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Thoracic Vertebrae
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12; Spinous process projects inferiorly, costal factes, superior articular facets face rearwards
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Spinous Landmarks
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cervicothoracic joint c7, scapular spine t3, inferior scapular angle t7, 12th rib t12, iliac crest l4
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zygapophyseal joint
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joint between two articulating facets
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Lumbar Vertebrae
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kidney shaped bodies, sturdy laminae, superior articulating factes face inwards
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Sacral Vertebrae
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5 fused, with 4 sets of foramena, transfer weight from spine to pelvis
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Coccygeal Vertebrae
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4 fused, serve as an attachment for muscle and tendons
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3 types of vertebral joints
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intervertebral, zygopophygeal, craniovertebral
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Lumbar Vertebrae
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kidney shaped bodies, sturdy laminae, superior articulating factes face inwards
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Sacral Vertebrae
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5 fused, with 4 sets of foramena, transfer weight from spine to pelvis
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Coccygeal Vertebrae
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4 fused, serve as an attachment for muscle and tendons
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3 types of vertebral joints
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intervertebral, zygopophygeal, craniovertebral
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Fascia Layers
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Skin, Camper fascia, scarpa fascia, investing facia (ext oblique, int oblique, transverse abdominis), endoabdominal/transveralis fascia, extraperitoneal, partiel peritenium
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Diaphram attachments
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posterior xiphiod process, costal cartilage of inferior 6, L1-3, central tendon
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Diaphram actions and N
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cheif muscle of inspiration, phrenic nerve (c3,4,5)
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Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
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psoas major, psoas minor, quadratus lumborum, iliacus
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Iliacus
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iliac fossa to lesser trochanter of femur
N: femoral nerve (L2-4) |
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psoas major
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L1-5 to lesser trochanter of femur; flexion of lumbar to femur
N: lumbar nerves L1-3 |
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quadratus lumborum
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iliac crest to L1-4 and rib 12; N: t12 and L1-4 nerves
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Diastasis Recti
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When the fascia of the linea alba splits generally during child birth
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Ribs
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12, protects supports and provides attachments
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Joint Ligaments of Ribs
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radiate-fan shaped and helps stabalize the ribs head
Lateral and superior costotransverse ligaments stabilize at transverse process to tubercle of rib |
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Pectoralis major
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O: anterior sternum, superior 6 costal cartilage, clavicle
I: lateral intertuberculer grove of humerous N: lateral and medial pectoral nerves |
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Coracobrachialis
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: coracoid process, to midshaft of medial humerus
N: musculocutaneous nerve (c5,c6, c7) |
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Pectoralis Minor
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: 3-5 ribs, at angle, coracoid process
Medial Pectoral Nerve -stabalizes scapula |
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SUBclavius
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: 1st rib, middle inferior portion of clavicle,
N: Nerve to subclavius Anchor and depress clavicle |
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Serratus Anterior
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external surfaces of ribs 1-8
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula Long Thoracic Nerve Protract Scapula, stabilize it against the thoracic wall: THUS AFFORDING OTHER MUSCLES ATTACHED TO THE SCAPULA TO USE IT AS AN ANCHOR, to move the humerus. |
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Axilla
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Walls
Anterior: pec major and minor and fascia Posterior: anterior surface of scapula & subscapularis; teres major and lat dorsi inferior edge Medial: thoracic wall and serratus ant Lateral: intertubercular groove of humerus Axillary artery and its branches Axillary vein and its tributaries Brachial plexus and its branches Lymphatics |
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Sharpies fibers
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how tendons attach to bone
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Ligamentum nuchae
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In the cervical spine the supraspinous ligament becomes the ligamentum nuchae
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psoas minor
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t12 to pecten pubis
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