Anatomy Test 1

Front 1

Mandible

Back 1

(1) inferior maxillary lower jaw.
a. body is horizontal v-shaped part
mental protuberance- most anterior projection of the chin
b. angle- change in direction
c. ramus- rams superiorly from angle

Front 2

Inferior nasal concha

Back 2

conch=shell- (2) they are lined with mucas membrane, one on each side in the nasal cavity. They act as radiators, they heat the incoming air.

Front 3

Vomer

Back 3

(1) plow shaped bone that helps lock perpendicular plate of the ethmoid.

Front 4

Palatine bones

Back 4

(2) make up the back of the hard pallet.

Front 5

Maxilla

Back 5

two bones that come together on the midline, upper jaw, superior maxillary

a. palatine process
b. alveolar processes- tooth sockets, cone shaped
c. maxillary sinus- antrum of hymore- is mucus membrane lined, largest paranasal sinus of all, they dump directly into the nose.

Front 6

face

Back 6

14 bones

Front 7

alveolar processes-

Back 7

tooth sockets, cone shaped

Front 8

maxillary sinus

Back 8

antrum of hymore- is mucus membrane lined, largest paranasal sinus of all, they dump directly into the nose.

Front 9

mental protuberance of mandible

Back 9

most anterior projection of the chin

Front 10

zygomatic

Back 10

cheek bone

Front 11

lacrimal

Back 11

(2) one on each side, lacrimal means tear. Tear bones to trasmit

Front 12

nasal

Back 12

(2) give form and underlie the bridge of the nose

Front 13

Ethmoid

Back 13

1

Front 14

cribriform plate

Back 14

either side of crista galli, two plates

Front 15

crista galli

Back 15

midline projection that divides the brain in half

Front 16

perpendicular plate

Back 16

follow crista galli down into nose.
Midline plate of bone attaches to ethmoid.
Helps make up septum

Front 17

Ethmoid sinus

Back 17

honeycomb sinus.
Space inside ethmoid bone drains mucus into nose.

Front 18

Sphenoid

Back 18

weds formed bone- bat shaped, it has a Turkish saddle where body is.

Front 19

sella turcia

Back 19

Turkish saddle, contains the pituitary gland

Front 20

sphenoidal sinuses

Back 20

honeycomb space in sphenoid
mucus membrane become plugged or congested

Front 21

Termporal

Back 21

(2)- very easily broken, extremely thin on top and they contain the squamous portion.

Front 22

Squamous portion of the temporal

Back 22

(scaly fish) superior portion of the temporal bone

Front 23

Petrous portion

Back 23

part of the temporal bone that contain the middle and inner ear bones

Front 24

ear ossicles

Back 24

(6)
a. malleaus- hammer or mallet
b. incus- anvil
c. stapue- stirrups

Front 25

Carotid canal

Back 25

contains internal carotid artery

Front 26

mastoid portion

Back 26

with air cells

Front 27

mandibular fossa

Back 27

of temporal- depression in temporal bone providing a socket for the TMJ.

Front 28

External auditory meatus

Back 28

(opening usually with a canal)- ear canal, passage way for sound to go into temporal.

Front 29

Zygomatic process

Back 29

of the temporal- part which hooks zygomatic arch to temporal. (cheeks connect to jaw)

Front 30

External occipital protuberance

Back 30

bump on the back of the skull

Front 31

Foramen magnum

Back 31

large hole in the occipital bone that transmits the spinal cord

Front 32

occipital condyles

Back 32

either side of the midline. Two large rounded articular processes. Skull connects to the fist verterbrae

Front 33

Parietal

Back 33

(2) Top and part of the side walls of the cranium. They hook together at middle

Front 34

Occipital Bone

Back 34

a. occipital condyles
b. Foramen
c. External occipital protuberance

Front 35

Skeleton

Back 35

boney framework of body

Front 36

skull

Back 36

boney framework of the head

Front 37

Frontal sinus

Back 37

inside frontal bone. Lined with mucus membrane

Front 38

Axial

Back 38

(80 bones) skull, hyoid, vertebrai, sternum, ribs

Front 39

skull

Back 39

- 22 bones and 6 ear ossicles:
1. malleaus- hammer shaped
2. incus- anvil shaped
3. stapes stirrup shaped
three earbones on each side in inner ear

Front 40

osteology

Back 40

study of bone

Front 41

Young bones are mostly made of

Back 41

osteocytes

Front 42

Elderly bones have loss of

Back 42

osteocytes

Front 43

Derivatives

Back 43

derived from skin
1. Hair- outgrowth of epidermis, contains some keratin
2. Nails- pure keratin, outgrowth of epidermis.
3. Glands-organ of secretion

Front 44

epidermis

Back 44

paper thin external primary layer of skin. Separation of epidermis and dermis is called, “skin slip” from decomposition deep within the tissues. Gasses push liquids toward the surface

Front 45

dermis

Back 45

internal primary layer of skin. Very thick layer that contains VAN’s

Front 46

Nerves

Back 46

possess no lumen, nerves are TOUGH. They are silvery white in color.

Front 47

Femoral triangle

Back 47

Dr. Scarpa first to talk of femoral triangle

Front 48

Femoral triangle location

Back 48

proximal femoral region

Front 49

Femoral triangle contents

Back 49

Femoral nerve lateral
Femoral artery superficial to f. vein.
Femoral vein medial

Front 50

Sartorius muscle, Boundaries of Femoral Triangle

Back 50

taylor’s muscle- lateral

Front 51

adductor longus, Boundaries of Femoral Triangle

Back 51

medial

Front 52

Pouparts ligament, Boundaries of Femoral Triangle

Back 52

inguinal- superior

Front 53

Axilla

Back 53

hollow of armpit, armpit area

Front 54

Axilla contents

Back 54

1.brachial plexis of nerves (network of nerves.)
2. Axillary vein- superficial to artery
3. Axillary artery-deep and protected.

Front 55

Anertior Cervical Triangle general location

Back 55

located in neck

Front 56

Major contents, Anertior Cervical Triangle

Back 56

1. internal juglar vein- superficial and lateral to carotid artery
2. vegus nerve
3. common carotid artery- most medial and deepest.
Eight jugulars in neck, six carotid arteries,

Front 57

Boundaries, Anertior Cervical Triangle

Back 57

1. superior- mandible
2. medial-midline of neck
3. lateral- sternocleidomasstoid muscle

Front 58

linear guide

Back 58

imaginary line drawn on the surface to denote deeper lying structure. Helps in making an incision.

Front 59

Antomoical guide

Back 59

is the location of a structure in relation to other structures.

Front 60

Anatomical limits

Back 60

is the origin and termination of a structure in relation to other structures

Front 61

Organism

Back 61

- groups of systems working together to perform a similar funtion. Body as a whole

Front 62

Systems

Back 62

(ex. Nervous, musculator) roups of organs working together. In musculator system, one muscle is considered an organ

Front 63

Organ

Back 63

is a group of tissue working together to perform a similar function

Front 64

cells

Back 64

building blocks) cells are cubed masses of living matter. They are 3D.

Front 65

pelvic girdle

Back 65

minus the vertebral column, incomplete ring made of hipbones, os coxa

Front 66

femoral

Back 66

thigh, from pelvic girdle to the bend of knee

Front 67

leg

Back 67

from bend of knee to bend of ankle- crus

Front 68

tarsus

Back 68

ankle

Front 69

metatarsus

Back 69

foot

Front 70

hallux

Back 70

big toe

Front 71

pectoral girdle

Back 71

shoulder girdle of support, makes an incomplete ring. Two bones that make up pectoral girdle are the scapula and clavical.

Front 72

Brachium

Back 72

(literally means arm) top of arm to the elbow

Front 73

Anta brachium

Back 73

from elbow to wrist, the forearm

Front 74

tarsus

Back 74

ankle

Front 75

Carpus

Back 75

wrist, bend in wrist

Front 76

metatarsus

Back 76

foot

Front 77

Metacarpus

Back 77

hand minus the digits, bones are metacarpals

Front 78

hallux

Back 78

big toe

Front 79

Digits

Back 79

four fingers, bones are phalanges

Front 80

pectoral girdle

Back 80

shoulder girdle of support, makes an incomplete ring. Two bones that make up pectoral girdle are the scapula and clavical.

Front 81

Pollex

Back 81

thumb- attaches at metacarpal articulation

Front 82

Brachium

Back 82

(literally means arm) top of arm to the elbow

Front 83

Anta brachium

Back 83

from elbow to wrist, the forearm

Front 84

Carpus

Back 84

wrist, bend in wrist

Front 85

Metacarpus

Back 85

hand minus the digits, bones are metacarpals

Front 86

Digits

Back 86

four fingers, bones are phalanges

Front 87

Pollex

Back 87

thumb- attaches at metacarpal articulation

Front 88

Trunk/torso

Back 88

divided into three parts- thorax, abdomen, and pelvis

Front 89

Cervix

Back 89

(neck) a constricted area is a cervix. Cervix is inferior to the head.

Front 90

Head

Back 90

skull and all the flesh

Front 91

cranium

Back 91

(bones that protect the brain) part of the skull which is the brain case.

Front 92

Face

Back 92

part of the skull and bones and flesh. Face is located anteriorly on the head.

Front 93

Abdominopelvic

Back 93

lies inferior to the diaphragm. The diaphragm divides the __________ and thoracic cavities

Front 94

Pleural cavity

Back 94

(2) they contain the lungs. Pleural membrane surrounds the lungs

Front 95

Boundaries of mediastinal cavity

Back 95

Superior- root of the neck
Inferior- diaphragm
Two sides lateral- the lungs
Posterior-backbone
Anterior-breastbone

Front 96

mediastinum

Back 96

middle space- breast bone in front

Front 97

Pericardium

Back 97

perimeter of the heart
The heart lies within the pericardial sac, which lies within the mediastinal cavity, which lies within the thoracic cavity.

Front 98

spinal cavity

Back 98

(canal) space within the vertebral column that contains the spinal cord.

Front 99

Cranial cavity

Back 99

within the cranial vault

Front 100

Cavities

Back 100

(with boundaries and contents) hole that has wall or boundary that contains space

Front 101

Body wall

Back 101

borders cavity

Front 102

vertebral column

Back 102

on middle of body. Divides body in half so we have bi-lateral symmetry.

Front 103

frontal

Back 103

(coronal)
infinite #.
Cuts lateral, side to side,
divides body anterior/posterior.

Front 104

transverse

Back 104

infinite number.
Horizontal divides body into top and bottom

Front 105

sagittal

Back 105

(parasagittal)-infinite number
vertical cut through anterior/posterior
but is parallel to medial plane.

Front 106

midsagittal

Back 106

(median plane)only one.
vertical cut through anterior/posterior on the midline.
It divides the boy in half (left and right)

Front 107

superficial

Back 107

direction toward surface
deep-far interior (immediately deep-next layer in structure)

Front 108

peripheral

Back 108

may be any point away from center

Front 109

central

Back 109

direction towards the center

Front 110

parietal

Back 110

direction toward wall (pari = wall)

Front 111

visceral

Back 111

direction toward organs (viscera = internal)

Front 112

external

Back 112

positioned without.

Front 113

internal

Back 113

positioned within

Front 114

proximal

Back 114

direction closer to the torso

Front 115

distal

Back 115

direction away from the torso

Front 116

superior

Back 116

direction toward the top

Front 117

inferior

Back 117

direction toward the bottom.

Front 118

anterior

Back 118

(ventral)- towards the front

Front 119

posterior

Back 119

(dorsal)- towards the back

Front 120

medial

Back 120

direction towards the midline

Front 121

lateral

Back 121

direction away from midline towards the side

Front 122

Topographical anatomy

Back 122

is the study of structure with surface of the body. Bones press points to surface.

Front 123

Physiological anatomy

Back 123

is the study of structure as it is affected by functions. They are intereciprically related

Front 124

Anatomical Position

Back 124

Cadaver standing erect facing the observer with arms at sides and palms forward.

Front 125

Pathological anatomy

Back 125

study of structures as altered by disease. (patho=disease)

Front 126

Anatomy

Back 126

is the study of structure of the body. Structure is king.
Apart to cut
tomes are knives.

Front 127

gross anatomy

Back 127

(big) able to see without a microscope

Front 128

microscopic anatomy

Back 128

study of structure with a microscope.

Front 129

cytology

Back 129

is the study of cells. Each cell has a large structure that perfoms different level of activity.

Front 130

Histology

Back 130

is the study of tissues. Tissues are a group of cells working together to perform a specific function

Front 131

systemic anatomy

Back 131

is the study of structure by entire systems, (musculature, circulatory)

Front 132

regional anatomy

Back 132

is the study of structure of all systems within a region. In cadavers we must study regional. Expose area gently to disrupt the structure as little as possible.

Front 133

Amphiarthoses

Back 133

slightly movement of joints

Front 134

Mastoidal Fontanel

Back 134

2 bones

Front 135

a Fontanel

Back 135

baby’s soft spot that is there until the end of the 2nd year.

Front 136

Synarthroses

Back 136

immovable joints

Front 137

Tarsals

Back 137

14 bones

Front 138

Metatarsals

Back 138

10 bones

Front 139

Phananges

Back 139

(28 bones) –toes

Front 140

Fibula

Back 140

lateral malleolus bone of leg

Front 141

Tibia

Back 141

(2 bones) long medial bone of leg

Front 142

Patella

Back 142

(2bones)- suspended intendon envelope, known as the KNEE CAP

Front 143

Femur

Back 143

(2bones)
condyles, epicondyles

Front 144

Obturator foramen

Back 144

hip hole

Front 145

Illiium crest

Back 145

superior ridge of illium

Front 146

Illium

Back 146

upper 3 layerd part of hip bone

Front 147

Ischium

Back 147

inferior part of the hipbone

Front 148

Pubis and Obturator foramen

Back 148

anterior portion of hipbone

Front 149

Os coxa

Back 149

(2 bones)- the hip bones, right and left (make up pelvic girdle)

Front 150

Clavicle

Back 150

2 the collar bone

Front 151

Scapula

Back 151

2 sholder blades

Front 152

Acromion process

Back 152

- large projection on scapula joint that forms joint with clavicle and glenoid cavity

Front 153

Coracoid process

Back 153

“crow’s beak” ** CORACIAL AXIAL ARTERY is anatomical guide to the body.

Front 154

Humerus

Back 154

(2 bones)- long bone of the arm (brachea), has head condyles and epicondyles

Front 155

Ulna

Back 155

(contains olecranon process)- (2bones)long medial bone of forearm , behind humerous

Front 156

Radius

Back 156

(2 bones)- the long lateral bone of forearm

Front 157

Carpals

Back 157

(16 bones) Wrist bones. 8 on each side

Front 158

Metacarpals

Back 158

(10 bones)- Hand minus the digits

Front 159

Phalanges

Back 159

(28 bones) 5 proximal, 5 midal, and 4 distal in a row

Front 160

True ribs

Back 160

- top 7 pairs 14 total, have direct connection to sternum

Front 161

False Ribs

Back 161

do not connect directly to sternum , bottom five pairs of ribs 10 total

Front 162

floating ribs

Back 162

bottom two of false ribs suspended 4 total

Front 163

Sternum

Back 163

a) Manubrium- superior portion of the bone, hooks into body of the bone
b) Body
c) Xiphoid process- (key) form. Inferior portion of the bone.

Front 164

Coccyx

Back 164

(1 bone)- tail bone, start at 4 bones in embryo, also fuses into 1.

Front 165

Sacrum

Back 165

(1 bone)- 2nd most inferior vertebrae. Began as 5 bones in embryo, fuses to one as adult.

Front 166

Lumbar

Back 166

(5 bones)- loin largest of movable vertebra

Front 167

Thoracic

Back 167

(12 bones)- Chest Vertbra, 12 pairs of ribs hooked to sternum

Front 168

Cervical

Back 168

(C-1= atlas, C-2=axis)- (7 bones) Atlas, holds up heard, atlas right below axis

Front 169

Hyoid

Back 169

Base of tongue , anchor Form of a U. Only bone that does not articulate with other bones

Front 170

TMJ

Back 170

temporal Mandible joint

Front 171

Calvaria

Back 171

- Skull cap, top portion of skull that is removed

Front 172

Ear Ossicles

Back 172

(6 bones)
a) Malleus (2 bones)- mallet/ hammer
b) Incus (2bones)- the anvil
c) Stapes (2)- Stirrups

Front 173

Temporal

Back 173

(2 bones )- Temporal Bones are very week on sides

Front 174

Squamous

Back 174

portion that is the upper flared temporal, Very thin, very subject to fracture. Bleeds into ears

Front 175

Petrous portion

Back 175

rock hard (stone) contains middle ear and osscles

Front 176

Occipital

Back 176

(1bone)- 1 bone in back of head, part of the base at the cranium, hooks up with C1 (first Cervical Vertebrae)

Front 177

Occipital Condyles

Back 177

(2)- large rounded, articular processes that attach to C1 as well.

Front 178

Foramen Magnum

Back 178

- Foramen=hole,magnum=large. Large hole that transports the spinal cord

Front 179

External Occipital protuberance

Back 179

the bump outside the back of the head (knowledge bump)

Front 180

Parietal

Back 180

(2 bones)- a wall of bones that makes up top and the sides of the cranium, right and left bones

Front 181

Supraorbital margin

Back 181

superior edge of the orbit

Front 182

Superciliary

Back 182

elevations where brows go

Front 183

Glabella

Back 183

on elevator on midline, inferior to a bone, when it is pronounced it is female

Front 184

Frontal Eminences

Back 184

(2)- large rounded elevations above superciliary arches, when pronounced it is masculine

Front 185

Frontal Sinus

Back 185

spaces in frontal bone
lined with mucus membranes
fill up and produce pressure

Front 186

Skull

Back 186

(22 bones + 6 Ossicles)-

Front 187

Ossicles

Back 187

little bones that make up ear, 3 on each side for 6 total

Front 188

Vertebrae

Back 188

26 bones

Front 189

ribs or costa

Back 189

24 bones

Front 190

Appendicular

Back 190

126 bones

Front 191

Upper Extremity and pectoral girdle

Back 191

64 bones

Front 192

Lower Extemities+ Pelvic girdle

Back 192

62 bones

Front 193

Sesamoid

Back 193

There are many un-named or classified bone chips of calcium found in tendons for strength

Front 194

bones in body

Back 194

206

Front 195

Toe and Fingernails are pure

Back 195

Keratin

Front 196

protein that waterproofs the body

Back 196

Veratin

Front 197

Have Meniscous

Back 197

pad made of fibrous tissue in between bones