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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anterior
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Towards the head/Front
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Posterior
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Towards the behind
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Proximal
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Closer
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Distal
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Farther
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Superficial
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On, or near the surface
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Deep
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Inside the body
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Medial
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Towards the middle (Pinkies)
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Lateral
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Towards the outside (Thumbs)
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Dorsal
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Spine
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Ventral
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Chest
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Prone
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Face down
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Supine
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Face up
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Superior
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Closer to head (higher)
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Inferior
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Closer to feet (lower)
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Central
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Contained within the torso
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Peripheral
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On the extremities
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Ipsilateral
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On the same side
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Contralateral
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On the opposite side
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Transverse Plane
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Separates top & bottom (Anterior & Posterior)
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Frontal Plane
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Separates Front and Back (Ventral & Dorsal)
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Sagittal Plane
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Separates Left & Right (Medial to Peripheral
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Body Cavities - functions
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1. Protect organs
2. Permit changes in size of organs |
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Ventral Body Cavity Contents
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Empty.
organs of 1. respiratory 2. CV 3. digestive 4. urinary 5 reproducitve systems |
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Dorsal Body Cavity Contents
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Empty.
Contains 1 brain 2. spinal cord |
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Osteoclast
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Breaks down bone
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Bone Functions
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1. Support
2. Mineral & Lipid Storage 3. Blood cell production 4. Protection 5. Leverage (attachment site for muscle) |
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Bone structure at molecular level
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Calcium phosphate, with calcium hydroxide forms crystal-like tissue
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Components of osseus tissue
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Endosteum (inner layer) surrounded by periosteum (outer layer)
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Bone cells
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Osteocytes
Osteoblasts Osteoprogenitor cells Osteoclasts |
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Osteocytes
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Mature bone cells
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Osteoblasts
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Responsible for new bone production
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Osteoprogenitor cells
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Bone Repair
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Spongy Tissue in bone - function
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Where growth occurs
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Classification of bones
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1. Long bones (ulna, femur)
2. Short Bones (Carpal bones) 3. Flat bones (skull) 4. Irregular Bones (vertebra) 5. Sesamoid (patella) 6. Sutural Bones (small plates found in skull) |
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Components of Long bones
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1. Epiphysis - Head of bone
2. Metaphysis - Between head and shaft 3. Diaphysis Shaft of bone |
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Components of Flat bones
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1. External Table
2. Spongy Bone 3. Internal Table |
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Sesamoid Bone - def'n
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Irregular bone found within a tendon
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Tendon - def'n
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Connects muscle to bone
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Ligament - def'n
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Connects bone to bone
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Cartilage
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Shock-absorbing cushion
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Bursae
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Cushioning sacs near areas of irritation
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Wollf's Law
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Every change in the form and the function or in the function of the bone alone, leads to changes in its internal architecture and in its external form
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Type of bone breaks
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Transverse
Oblique Spiral Comminuted Segmental Avulsed Impacted Torus Greenstick |
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Transverse break - desc.
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Dead or weak bone breaks straight across
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Oblique break - desc.
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Live bone breaks at an angle
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Spiral break - desc.
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Bone is twisted apart. Skiing fracture
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Comminuted
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Bone is broken, splintered or crushed into a number of pieces.
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Segmental
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Broken off piece of bone in middle of break
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Avulsed
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Tendon breaks off and takes bone with it
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Impacted
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Bones shoves into bone
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Torus
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Bone buckles
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Greenstick
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Kid's bone break . . . outer part breaks, softer, inner part does not.
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Tubercle - def'n
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Muscle/Tissue attachment site on bone
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Fossa - def'n
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Depression
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Process - def'n
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Where muscles and ligaments attach
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Labrum
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Cartilage that holds humerus into scapula (Glenoid Fossa)
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Flexion
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The angle between articulating bones decreases; movement away from anatomic position
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Extension
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The angle between articulating bones increases; movement toward anatomic position
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Hyper-Extension
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Extension movement increases past the anatomic position
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Abduction
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Movement of the bone away from the midline
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Adduction
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Movement of the bone toward the midline
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Protraction
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Anterior movement of a body part from anatomic position
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Retraction
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Posterior movement of a body part from anatomic position
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Radial deviation
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wrists aBducted, pointing away from body
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Ulnar deviation
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wrists aDducted, pointing toward body
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Components of Intervertebral Discs
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Annulus Fibrosus
Nucleus Pulposus Cartilaginous Endplates |
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Annulus Fibrosus
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Outer Layer of Collagen Fibers . . . looks like a sliced onion
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Nucleus Pulposus
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Gelatinous Core Contained within the Annulus Fibrosus
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Cartilaginous Endplates
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Lining the vertebral bodies
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Descending Pathway (motor)
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Precentral gyrus (Frontal lobe)
Anterior Gray Horn (Lumbar) Anterior roots Spinal nerve Ventral rami Specific plexus Specific Nerve Specific muscle |
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Ascending Pathway (sensory)
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Specific Nerve
Specific plexus Ventral rami Spinal nerve Dorsal roots Posterior Gray Horn Thalamus PostCentral Gyrus (Parietal lobe) |
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Thrombosis
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the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel
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Embolus
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A thrombus that has broken free and is traveling in the bloodstream
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Thrombus
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Blood clot in a blood vessel
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Embolism
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Blockage from a blood clot that originated in another part of the body
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