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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do the joining of the two hip bones and sacrum form
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pelvic girdle or bony pelvis
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Compare the cnal through the pelvis of the female to the male
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generally larger for bearing of young
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what does the pelvic girdle enclose
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Pelvis
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What is the caudal indentation between the ishiatic tuberosities
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ischiatic arch
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Where are the ovaries located in the carnivore
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caudal to the kidneys in the sublumbar region
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what structure conveys the oocytes from the ovary to the uterus
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Uterine Tube (oviduct)
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What is the suspensory ligament carnivores
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Part of mesovarium connecting ovary to the last 1 or 2 ribs
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List the three parts of the uterus
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cervix, body, horns
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What is the caudal part of the uterus joining the uterus to the vagina
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cervix
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What is the orientation of the cervical canal
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diagonally craniodorsal to caudoventral
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What is the muscular layer of the uterine wall called
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myometrium
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what are the three extraembryonic membranes
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amnion, chorion, allantois
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What is the placenta
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apposition of the fetal and maternal tissue
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name the three parts of the copulatory organ of the female
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vagina, vestibule and vulva
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what is the vaginas annular recess around the protruding cervix
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fornix of the vagina
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What structure is used to demarcate the vagina from the vestibule
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external urethral orfice
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where is the clitoris located
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in the ventral commissure of the labia
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what is the perineum in the female
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area surrounding anus & vulva, closing pelvic outlet
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What suspends the female reproductive tract in the abdomen
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broad ligament (connecting peritoneum)
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What structure runs between the two layers of the mesosalpinx
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Uterine Tube
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What vessels reach the ovary of the mesovarium
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ovarian a & v
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what tissue forms the broad ligament
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two layers of connecting peritoneum
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Name the small cavity around the ovary formed by the mesosalpinx
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ovarian bursa
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What mesovarium structure attaches the ovary to the last 1 or 2 rib in the carnivore
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suspensory ligament
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what are the rythmic changes that begin at puberty causing reversible and irreversible changes in the genital organs
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estrous (sexual) cycle
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how long is gestation in carnivores
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63 days
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how long is the cats gestation
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60-61 days
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what dicides the scrotum into two compartments
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scrotal septum
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describe the cats scrotum, location and conformation
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Perineal (close to anus), sessile (not stalked or pendunculated), and densely covered by hair
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what is the tunica albuginea of the testicles
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dense connective tissue encapsulating the parenchyma
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name the three parts of the epididymis
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head, body, and tail
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how are the epididymis and ductus deferens related to the testicle
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Epididymis: lateral
Ductus deferens: medial |
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What structure in the spermatic cord carries sperm into the abdomen and the urethra
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ductus deferens
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what is the relationship of the ductus deferens to the ureters
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loops dorsally over the ureters ("water under bridge" )
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What is the inguinal canal
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passageway through the caudal abdominal wall
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what is the supeficial inguinal ring
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slit in the aponeurosis of the EAO
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list the boundaries of the deep inguinal ring
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cranial: caudal edge of the IAO
medial: lateral edge of the rectus abdominis laterocaudal: inguinal ligament |
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What is the inguinal ligament
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caudal free edge of the aponerosis of the EAO
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how do the inguinal vessels and nerves exit the abdomen
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through the inguinal canal
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Name the three main parts of the vaginal tunic
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Visceral, parietal, and connecting vaginal tunic
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What is the potential space between the parietal and visceral vaginal tunics
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vaginal cavity
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what serosa connects the visceral and parietal vaginal tunics
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mesorchium (connecting vaginal tunic)
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the vaginal cavity is continuous with the _____ at the vaginal ring
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Peritoneal Cavity
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Name the structure extending from the testicle to the inguinal canal
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spermatic cord
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what structure in the spermatic cord carries sperm into the abdomen and to the urethra
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ductus deferens
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On what side of the spermatic cord is the ductus deferens
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medial
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On what side of the vaginal tunic is the cremaster muscle attached
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lateral
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what is the vaginal ring
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Point of evagination of peritoneum through inguinal canal, forming opening between peritoneal and vaginal cavities
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Where do the testicles begin fetal development
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causal to the kidneys (like ovaries)
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What structures are carried with the testicle as they descend
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Peritoneum (becomes vaginal tunic), fascia
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When do the testicles descend in the carnivores
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shortly after birth
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Developmentally, where do the testicles leave the abdominal cavity
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through the inguinal canal
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what structures add the liquid to the ejaculate
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accessory sex glands
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What is the only accessory sex gland in the dog
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Prostate
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What accessory sex gland surrounds the proximal urethra
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Prostate
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What cutaneous sheath surrounds the end of the quiescent penis
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prepuce
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What is the common name for the prepuce
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sheath
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What connective tissue framework of the erectile tissue of the penis
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Tunica albuginea & trabeculae
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What part of the dogs penis participates in the tie
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Bulbous Glandis (bulb of glans)
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What are the two erectile bodies of the penis
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Corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum
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What bone is found in the penis of carnivores
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Os penis
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What parts of the penis consist of corpus spongiosum
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around entire urethra, bulb of penis, and entire glans.
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What is noteworthy of the cat's glans penis
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spines
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what are the terminal branches of the aorta
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2 external iliac, 2 internal iliac, and median sacral
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what does the external iliac artery supply
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Pelvic limb & inguinal & caudal ventral abdomen
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What terminal aortic branch supplies the rump and pelvic cavity
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internal iliac a.
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What is the main branch of internal pudendal artery
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Genital a.
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What is the main branch of the vaginal artery
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Uterine a.
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What is the blood supply to the uterus in carnivores
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Uterine a & uterine branch of Ovarian a.
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What is the vascular supply to the ovary
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Ovarian a. & v. in the mesovarium
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Where are the Ovarian arteries
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in mesovarium, medial to ovary
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What is the sympathetic innervation to the pelvis
the parasympathetic |
Hypogastric nn.
Pelvic nn. |
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What is the nerve carrying tactile sensation from the glans penis
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dorsal nerve of penis (pudendal n.)
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what is an easy way to remember the ANS supply to the penis
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Point (parasympathetic-erection) and Shoot (sympathetic-ejaculation)
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How common are pelvic fractures
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very common 1/4- 1/5
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With what other injuries are pelvic fractures associated
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Orthopedic & other body systems (liver, spleen, urinary bladder, urethra)
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What is looked for if one pelvic fractures is seen radiographically
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2 more, come in 3's, 1 maybe luxation of sacroiliac joint
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What is the removal of the ovary and the uterus
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ovariohysterectomy or spay
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what must be ligated when doing a ovariohysterectomy
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Ovarian and Uterine a.
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What is a cessarian section
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removal of fetus through abdominal wall
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What is an indication to do a cessarian section
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dystocia
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What is dystocia
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difficult birth
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what is inflammation of the vagina
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Vaginitis
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what are used in carnivores to evaluate the stage of estrus
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Vaginal smears
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what cells predominate in a vaginal smear during heat estrus
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cornified cells
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How is the ovary moved into the abdominal incision during a spay
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Strum suspensory ligament until it breaks
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Where is a castration incision in relationship to the dog's scrotom
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cranial to the scrotum, not in scrotum
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How many castration incisions are usually made in the dog
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single
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Why isnt the scrotum incised when doing a dog castration
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To minimize irritation and sweeling
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What are three types of testicular tumors
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sertoli cell, seminoma, interstitial cell (Leydig cell)
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In which testicle is more likely to have a tumor in the dog
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Undescended > scrotal testicle
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What is the inflammation of the testicle
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Orchitis
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Why has the relationship of the ductus deferens and ureters led to criticism of the pull type castration of cats
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possibility of dislodging ureters
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What is a hernia
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peritoneal covered structure passing through a defect in wall
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what are indirect inguinal hernias in male dogs called
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scrotal hernia (pass down inguinal canal)
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What is a direct and indirect inguinal hernia
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direct: explodes directly out the abdominal wall
indirect: passes down inguinal canal |
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What is the failure of the testicle to enter the scrotum
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Cryptorchidism
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When do the testicles descend in the carnivore
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shorty after birth
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why should a chryptorchid be found and removed
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more likely to become neoplastic
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Define a closed castration
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spermatic cord ligated before parietal vaginal tunic cut
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Define an open castration
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Parietal vaginal tunic cut before spermatic cord is ligated
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What type of castration would you perform, open or closed, if the environment wasn't sterile? why?
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open, so if infection gets in it can drain out, if closed infection will remain in the abdomen
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What is inflammation in the prostate of the dog
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Prostatis
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What are common clinical problems of the dog's prostate
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hyperplasia or inflammation
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What is paraphimosis
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Protrusion of penis through a stenotic preputial orfice, that can't retract penis
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What can obstruct the urethra in several species
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Urethral caliculi
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Where do caliculi usually lodge in the dog
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Proximal to Os penis
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