Anatomy: Superior & Posterior Mediastinum

Front 1

mediastinum is

Back 1

central compartment of thoracic cavity

Front 2

mediastinum is flanked on both sides by

Back 2

pleural sacs

Front 3

mediastinum extends from

Back 3

superior to inferior thoracic apetures

Front 4

aortic arch, supine position, location

Back 4

superior to transverse thoracic plane

Front 5

central tendon of diaphragm, supine position, location

Back 5

level of xiphisternal junction (T9)

Front 6

aortic arch, standing position, location

Back 6

transected by transverse thoracic plane

Front 7

central tendon of diaphragm, standing position, location

Back 7

mid level of xiphoid process (disc btwn T9-T10)

Front 8

mediastinum, divisions

Back 8

superior and inferior parts

Front 9

dividing line for mediastinum

Back 9

transverse thoracic plane

Front 10

superior mediastinum located

Back 10

superior to transverse thoracic plane passing through sternal angle and the IV disc between T4 and T5

Front 11

inferior mediastinum divided into

Back 11

three parts: anterior, middle, posterior

Front 12

superior mediastinum contains

Back 12

thymus, superior vena cava, brachiocephalic veins, arch of aorta, vagus & phrenic nn, cardiac n plexus, l recurrent laryngeal n, trachea, esopghagus, thoracic duct, prevertebral mm

Front 13

thymus is

Back 13

lymphoid organ that produces lymphocytes

Front 14

thymus, location

Back 14

most anterior in superior mediastinum

Front 15

thymus, location in rel to sternum

Back 15

just posterior to sternum

Front 16

after puberty, thymus

Back 16

gradually degreades and is replaced by fat

Front 17

blood supply to thymys

Back 17

internal thoracic and superior thyroid aa

Front 18

great vessels of the superior mediastinum include

Back 18

brachiocephalic veins

Front 19

brachiocephalic veins formed by

Back 19

union of the subclavian and internal jugular veins bilat.

Front 20

R & L brachiocephalic veins unite at

Back 20

first costal cartilage

Front 21

R & L brachiocephalic veins unite to form

Back 21

superior vena cava

Front 22

L brachiocephalic v, size

Back 22

twice as long as R

Front 23

R brachiocephalic vein receives lymph from

Back 23

right lymphatic duct

Front 24

L brachiocephalic vein receives lymph from

Back 24

the thoracic duct

Front 25

lymphatic circulation (systemic), 3/4 of body's lymph drains into

Back 25

thoracic duct on L

Front 26

lymphatic circulation (systemic), 1/4 of body's lymph drains into

Back 26

R lymphatic duct

Front 27

3 great vessels from aortic arch

Back 27

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid a, L subclavian a

Front 28

brachiocephalic trunk lies

Back 28

anterior to trachea and posterior to L brachiocephalic v

Front 29

brachiocephalic trunk divides into

Back 29

R common carotid and R subclavian aa

Front 30

L common carotid a ascends into

Back 30

neck posterior to L sternoclavicular joint

Front 31

L subclavian a is

Back 31

most posterior and ascends lateral to trachea

Front 32

cross section, slide 11

Front 33

phrenic nn lie on

Back 33

anterior surface of anterior scalene mm as they pass inferiorly into thorax

Front 34

vagus n lies

Back 34

deep in carotid sheath btwn common carotid aa and internal jugular vv in neck

Front 35

R vagus n gives rise to

Back 35

R recurrent laryngeal n

Front 36

point at which vagus gives rise to R rec. laryng. N

Back 36

anteromedial to arch of right subclavian a

Front 37

R recurrent laryngeal n wraps

Back 37

posteroirly around arch of R subclavian a to ascend in the tracheoesophageal groove to innervate all of the intrinsic mm of the larynx except the cricothyroid m

Front 38

L vagus n gives rise to

Back 38

L recurrent laryngeal n

Front 39

point at which vagus gives rise to L rec. laryng. N

Back 39

anteromedial to arch of aorta

Front 40

L recurrent laryngeal n. wraps

Back 40

posteriorly around aortic arch to ascend in manner similar to R recurrent laryngeal n.

Front 41

superior phrenic vessels arise from

Back 41

inferior part of aorta

Front 42

anterior view of thoracic aorta & its branches, slide 14

Front 43

variations in aortic arch branches

Front 44

~65% of individuals, typical branches arising from aortic arch are

Back 44

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid & left subclavian aa

Front 45

~27% of individuals, the L common carotid arises from

Back 45

the brachiocephalic trunk

Front 46

2.5% of individuals, brachiocephalic trunk

Back 46

fails to form, resulting in 4 individual vessels arising from arch

Front 47

~5% of individuals, L vertebral artery

Back 47

arises from aortic arch

Front 48

~1.5% of individuals have

Back 48

R & L brachiocephalic trunks

Front 49

artery that may arise as the last branch of the aorta

Back 49

retroesophageal right subclavian a.

Front 50

posterior mediastinum & contents

Front 51

contents of posterior mediastinum

Back 51

thoracic aorta, thoracic duct, posterior mediastinal lymph nodes, axygos & hemiazygos vv, esophagus, esophageal plexus, thoracic sympathetic trunks, thoracic splanchnic nn

Front 52

anterior vagal trunk arises from

Back 52

L vagus n

Front 53

R vagus N gives rise to

Back 53

posterior vagal trunk

Front 54

superior part of esophagus innervated by

Back 54

recurrent laryngeal nn & by sympathetic fibers from cell bodies in the middle cervical ganglion running in on the inferior thyroid aa

Front 55

lower 1/2 of esophagus supplied by

Back 55

esophageal plexus

Front 56

esophageal plexus contains

Back 56

parasympathetics from R & L vagus nn and sympathetics from gray rami of upper 4 thoracic ganglia

Front 57

motor & secretomotor supply to esophagus

Back 57

vagus n.

Front 58

sensory to esophagus

Back 58

vagus n.

Front 59

vasomotor supply to esophagus

Back 59

sympathetic nn

Front 60

esophageal aa supplied by

Back 60

thoracic aorta

Front 61

slide 21: esophageal aa

Front 62

vessels that arise from anterior portion of thoracic aorta

Back 62

esophageal, mediastinal, & pericardial vessels

Front 63

superior phrenic vessels arise from

Back 63

inferior part of aorta

Front 64

paired intercostal aa arise from

Back 64

aorta

Front 65

intercostal vessels lie in the costal groove as

Back 65

VAN - vein, artery, nerve (superior to inferior)

Front 66

azygos system includes

Back 66

azygos and hemiazygos veins

Front 67

azygos system supplies

Back 67

venous drainage to the mediastinum

Front 68

thoracic duct drains

Back 68

lymph into the venous system

Front 69

azygos venous system receives its name from

Back 69

fact that it is unpaired & the vessels of the two sides are asymmetrical

Front 70

thoracic duct, origin

Back 70

cisterna chili

Front 71

thoracic duct empties into

Back 71

internal jugular and left subclavian vein juncture on left side

Front 72

lymphatic duct empties

Back 72

into same junction as thoracic duct, but on the right side

Front 73

diaphragm, function

Back 73

covers inferior thoracic aperture, separating the thoracic & abdominal cavities

Front 74

muscle fibers of diaphragm converge at

Back 74

central tendon

Front 75

structures that pass from thorax to abdomen via diaphragm

Back 75

inferior vena cava, r phrenic n, pericardiophrenic a, esophagus, vagus nn, thoracic aorta, thoracic duct

Front 76

structures that pass through diaphragm at T8

Back 76

inferior vena cava & right phrenic n & pericardiophrenic a (through central tendon)

Front 77

structures that pass through diaphragm at T10

Back 77

esophags & vagus nn (through muscle)

Front 78

structures that pass through the diaphragm at T12

Back 78

thoracic aorta & thoracic duct (posteriorly through aortic hiatus)

Front 79

blood supply to diaphragm

Back 79

mainly from branches of abdominal aorta; also musculophrenic, intercostal branches, and branches of thoracic aorta

Front 80

diaphragm, innervation

Back 80

phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

Front 81

phrenic nerves, course

Back 81

penetrate diaphragm and supply it from underneath