Anatomy Summer Final Pelvis And Perineum

Front 1

Paraurethral glands of skene

Back 1

open into external urethral orifice, are homologous t prostate

Front 2

Bulbourethral glands

Back 2

Cowerpers in male, bartholins in female(homologous)

Front 3

____ is performed on females to count various cell types

Back 3

Pap smear, screens for cancer

Front 4

Inferior vesical(male)

Back 4

Vaginal a. (female)

Front 5

Uterine a. (female)

Back 5

a. of the ductus deferens (male)

Front 6

fecal continence

Back 6

due to puborectalis m.

Front 7

Thermoregulators

Back 7

in testis, include the pampiniform plexus, darts fascia, and cremaster m.

Front 8

Clitoris(female)

Back 8

penis(male)

Front 9

Bulbs of vestibule(female)

Back 9

bulbs of penis(male)

Front 10

Pelvis contents

Back 10

Urinary bladder, and. urinary tract, int genital organs, distal part of GI traft, part of rectum, rectovesical pouch, {vesicouterine/uterovesical pouch and rectouterine pouch(female)}

Front 11

Pelvic diaphragm

Back 11

floor of pelvis
Levator ani m.: puborectalis, puboccygeus, iliococcygets, ant. medial edges don't fuse, gap is covered by fascia. Inn. by S4, inf. rectal/anal n (from pudendal n.) and coccygeal plexus
Coccygeus m.: inn S4-S5

Front 12

Urinary bladder

Back 12

holes 700 ml, wants to pee at 350

Front 13

Paracystium

Back 13

Urinary bladder. Loose connective tisse, has n. and vessels,

Front 14

Bladder inn Sympathetic.

Back 14

inf. hypogastric plexus (lesser, least, lumbar splanchnic n.)
-Contracts internal urethral sphincter
-relaxes detrusor m
-Sensory (afferent)

Front 15

bladder inn. parasympathetic

Back 15

Contracts detrusor, relaxes int, urethral sphincter, pain and stretch, referred pain to post upper thigh

Front 16

Blood supply of urinary bladder

Back 16

Branches of int. iliac a
Sup. vesical a.
Obturator a.
Inf gluteal
Inf vsical a. from int iliac(male)
Inv. vesicle from uterine a (female)
Vaginal a. (female)

Front 17

Venous drainage of the urinary bladder

Back 17

Internal iliac v.
Vesical venous plexus which connects to vertebral venous plexus
Prostatic venous plexus (in males)

Front 18

Urethra (male)

Back 18

Four parts based on location
Preprostatic:in pelvis
Prostatic : in pelvis, most dilated part
Membranous part: in perineum
Spongy:in perineum

Front 19

Prostatic part in male urethra (male)

Back 19

Urothelium
Urethral crest
-Seminal colliculus
--two openings in ejaculatory duct
--prostatic utricle, blind opening, remnant of mullein/paramesonephric duct
-Prostatic sinuses
-Prostatic ductules (opening)

Front 20

Membranous part of urethra(male)

Back 20

Narrowest part, most prone to damage, fixed (less mobile),
Pseudostratified epithelium
Surrounded by ext. urethral sphincter
- which originated from deep trans. perineal m./urogenital diaphragm
-Pudendal n. (voluntary)
-posterolateral are cowper's/bulbourethral glands

Front 21

Spongy part of urethra

Back 21

In perineum
Cowper's/bulbourethral glands open here
Pseudostratified or stratified columnar, near end it's squamous tissue

Front 22

adenoid face

Back 22

face gets elongate, pharyngeal tonsil

Front 23

Blood supply of urethra(male)

Back 23

inf. vesical a., middle rectal a., int. pudendal a.

Front 24

Venous drainage of urethra(male)

Back 24

vesical v., middle rectal v., pudendal v.

Front 25

Urethra innervation

Back 25

pudendal n., pelvic splanchnic n. (parasymp.), inf. hypogastric plexus (symp.)

Front 26

Urethra (female)

Back 26

Shorter
More prone to infection
Deep trans. perineal m. forms external urethral sphincter (voluntary)
Urethral glands open into it
Sup. part in pelvis, inf. part in perineum
Greater/bartholin's and lesser vestibular glands are found around lower parts of it

Front 27

Blood and venous drainage of urethra (female)

Back 27

Int. pudendal a., vaginal a.
Int. pudendal v., vaginal v.

Front 28

Seminal vesicles

Back 28

Glands, produce alkaline secretion (fructose, prostaglanden) Makes up bulk of semen.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Front 29

Seminal vesicles blood supply and venous drainage

Back 29

Inf. vesical a. and v., middle rectal a. and v.

Front 30

Seminal vesicles inn.

Back 30

Sympathetic and parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic n.)

Front 31

Prostate

Back 31

Homologous to paraurethral glands of skene(female)
Largest accessory gland in male
Palpable in rectal exam
Secretion is weakly acidic, citric acid, prostaglandins,
glandualr tissue and cell type

Front 32

Prostate glandular tissue

Back 32

Androgen sensitive (castration=atrophy)
Secretes normal mucins
Produces lipofuscin

Front 33

Cell types in prostate

Back 33

Secretory
Basal: separate secretory from basement membrane, low cuboidal epithelium w/ columnar mucus-secreting cells, reserve cells that are + for androgen receptors
Neuroendocrine: + for chromogranin A/b, secretogranin II, peptide hormones, PSA
Some urothelium and ejaculatory duct/seminal vesical cells

Front 34

Seminal vesicles and ejaculatory duct

Back 34

Double layer pseudostatified
Pigment:lipofuscin

Front 35

Seminal vesicles and ejaculatory duct blood supply

Back 35

Inf. vesical a. middle rectal a. int. pudendal a.

Front 36

Seminal vesicles and ejaculatory duct venous drainage

Back 36

prostatic venous plexus
Directly to int. iliac v.
Also with vesicle venous plexus and int. vertebral venous plexus (why prostate cancer can metastasize in vertebrae.

Front 37

How does prostate cancer effect vertebae

Back 37

because the Seminal vesicles and ejaculatory duct venous drainage is in vertebral venous plexus

Front 38

innervation of Seminal vesicles and ejaculatory duct

Back 38

sympathetic and parasympathetic (S2-S3)

Front 39

Broad l. of the uterus

Back 39

Supports and lifts uterus and fallopian tube
Double layer of parietal peritoneum
Vesicouterine and rectouterine are extensions

Front 40

Broad l. of the uterus parts

Back 40

Mesometrium: uterus
mesosalpinx:uterine tubes
Mesovarium:ovaries
Suspensor l. of ovary: covers ovarian vessels extended to pelvic wall

Front 41

Broad l. of uterus

Back 41

Uterine a., v. and n.
Ovarian a., v., and n.
Suspensory l. of ovary
Parts of ovary
fallopian tube
ureter
transverse cervical/cardinal l.
fat/areolar tissue
ovarian l.
Gartners duct(remnant of wolffians duct)

Front 42

Ovaries

Back 42

Simple cuboidal epithelium
Suspensory l. contains ovarian a. and v.
Cortex
Meduula
oogenesis
produces estrogen when stimulated from FSH from pituitary gland.

Front 43

Oogenesis

Back 43

Meiosis is stopped in fetal life, then continues in oocyte that will become the ovum is releases
Graafian follicle right before rupturing.

Front 44

Blood supply of the ovary

Back 44

Ovarian a. from abdominal aorta

Front 45

Venous drainage of ovary

Back 45

ovarin v.
Right: to IVC
Left: to left renal vein.

Front 46

Uterus

Back 46

Where fetus implants and grows, can grow up to T9
Mucosa/endometrium: simple high columnar epithelium
Myometrium: smooth muscle layer
Vaginal portion: stratified squamous non-keratinizing

Front 47

Opening of external os

Back 47

round in female who doesn't have children
transverse after childbirth

Front 48

Support of uterus

Back 48

Dynamic: pelvic diaphragm
Passiv: antroversion (90)

Front 49

Uterus blood and venous drainage

Back 49

Uterine a. (from int. iliac a) and ovarian a.

Front 50

Innervation of uterus

Back 50

Symp. and parasymp. (plevic splanchnic n. S2-S4)

Front 51

Fallopian tubes

Back 51

Intraperitoneal (mesoalpinx)
Infundibulum
Ampulla(fertilization site)
Isthmus
Uterine part

Front 52

Fallopian tube epithelium

Back 52

simple high columnar ciliated, fluid for egg, cilia causes current to distribute sperm and migrate egg

Front 53

Fallopian tube Blood and venous

Back 53

Ovarian a (from abdominal aorta) uterine (from int. iliac) Veins of same name. Right goes to ivc, left goes to l. renal v.

Front 54

Fallopian tube innervation

Back 54

para and symp. pelvic splanchnic (S2-S4)

Front 55

Vagina

Back 55

Lower part of cervix is in here, recess is called fornix. Can palpate bladder through ant. fornix in vaginal examination.
Rectouterine/douglas/cul-de-sac can be palpated through post. fornix.
stratified nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium.
Secretion is from cervix, lesser and greater barthlins glans
Is acidic (protections

Front 56

Vagina epithelium

Back 56

stratified nonkeratinizing squamous

Front 57

Vagain bloody supply

Back 57

uterine a. vaginal a. int. pudendal a.

Front 58

Perineum

Back 58

Lowest part of trunk
Perineal body is site of attachment for all perineal m.
All of which are inn. by pudendal nerve.

Front 59

Perineal muscles

Back 59

All innervated by pudendal nerve
Ext. anal sphincter- closes anal canal, inf. rectal/anal branch of pundedal n.
Bulospongiosus- supports perineal body, erection
Ischiocavernosus-erection
Sup. trans. perineal m0 aid pelvic diaphragm in orgasm
Deep trans. perinal m
-Ext. urethral sphincter: compresses urethra (urinary continence) in males it extends to and. surface of prostate, in females it surrounds urethra and vagina(urethrovaginal sphincter)

Front 60

Scrotum

Back 60

Covers testes
Many layers

Front 61

Scrotum layers

Back 61

Skin
Dortos fascias, dartos m.- continuation of sup. fascia of abc. wall, contraction=wrinkling of scrotum
Ext. spermatic fascia- cont. of ext. abd. oblique m.
Cremaster m. and fascia-cont. of int. abd. oblique m.
Int. spermatic fascia- cont. of transversalis fascia
Tunica vaginalis- cont. of peritoneum

Front 62

Scrotum blood supply

Back 62

Post. scrotal a. (from int. pudendal a.) ant. scroal a. (from ext. pudendal a. from femoral a.) cremasteric branch of inf. epigastric a.

Front 63

Scrotum venous drainage

Back 63

post scrotal v. to int. pudendal v. ext. pudendal v. cremasteric branch of inf. epigastric v.

Front 64

Scrotum innervation

Back 64

Anterolateral- genitofemoral
Anterior- ilioinguinal
Posterior- pudendal
Inferior- post. femoral cutaneous

Front 65

Scrotum lymph

Back 65

Drainage is to sup. inguinal lymph nodes, goes to deep inguinal lymph nodes.

Front 66

Testes

Back 66

Left is lower then right, each is covered by tunica albuginea.
Sertoli cells- supports production of spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules
Leydig cells- secrete male androgens (testosterone)
Secrets inhibin to regulate previous two processes

Front 67

Testes blood supply

Back 67

Testicular/gonadal a. from abdominal a.

Front 68

Testes venous drainage

Back 68

Pampiniform plexus (thermoregulato) to testicular v.
Left to left renal vein, right to IVC.

Front 69

Epididymis

Back 69

Duct drains into vas deferens, stores spermatozoa, this is where it matures to sperm.
Stereociliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Sexual stimulation=contraction and release of sperm into vas deferens.

Front 70

Ductus/Vas deferens

Back 70

Stereociliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Blood supply and venous drainage: inf. vesicle a. and v.

Front 71

Penis

Back 71

Two corpora cavernosa, one corpus spongiosum. Tunica albuginea covers the corpus vavernosa.

Front 72

Mechanisms of penis

Back 72

Erection- parasym. (pelvic splanchnic n.) helicine a. relaxes, blood fills corpus cavernosa, bulbospongiosus and ischicavernosus contract (no blood out flow)
Emission- symp (L1-L2) ductus deferens and seminal vesicles deliver semen to prostatic urethra (peristalsis)
Ejaculation- parasymp(S2-S4), pudendal n. (S2-S4) contraction of urethral m. (parasymp) closer of int. urethral sphincter (symp) contracts bulbospongiosus m (somatic)

Then symp.: helicine a. contracted so blood leave

Front 73

Clitoris

Back 73

only function is sexual arousal

Front 74

Ducts of paraurethral glands are found where

Back 74

on each side of ext. urethral orifice

Front 75

Bulbs of vestibule have ____

Back 75

venous plexus