Anatomy (Shoulder Region)

Front 1

what are the three attachments of the clavicle?

Back 1

sternoclavicular joint
coracoclavicular ligament
acromioclavicular joint

Front 2

what are the actions of the clavicle?

Back 2

pivots on sternum to provide extensive motion to scapula
keeps scapula and humerus lateral

Front 3

what is involved in the sternoclavicular joint?

Back 3

sternal end of clavicle
superolateral angle of manubrium
part of first costal cartilage
anterior and posterior ligaments

Front 4

what is the purpose of the articular disc in the sternoclavicular joint?

Back 4

divide joint into two
prevent medial displacement of clavicle

Front 5

where is the costoclavicular ligament?

Back 5

from the costal cartilage of rib 1 to the clavicle

Front 6

what are the two portions of the coracoclavicular ligament?

Back 6

conoid - posterior
trapezoid - anterior

Front 7

what is syndesmosis?

Back 7

slightly movable articulation where two bones are connected by a ligament

Front 8

what is the purpose of the coracoclavicular ligament?

Back 8

prevent scapula from being driven medially

Front 9

what is a subluxation?

Back 9

a partial or incomplete dislocation

Front 10

what happens if the bone is broken between the two portions of the coracoclavicular ligament?

Back 10

subluxation, because the coracoclavicular ligament prevents the acromion from going below the clavicle

Front 11

what is the acromioclavicular joint?

Back 11

joint between acromion of scapula and clavicle, formed as a capsule of strong, parallel fibers with a small articular disc

Front 12

what is the function of the acromioclavicular joint?

Back 12

allows scapula to move vertically on thoracic cage
allows anterior and posterior movement of scapula on thoracic cage

Front 13

what is the shoulder girdle?

Back 13

both scapulae with both clavicles

Front 14

what are the movements possible of the shoulder girdle?

Back 14

elevation of scapula
depression of scapula
superior rotation of glenoid cavity
inferior rotation of glenoid cavity
protraction of scapula
retraction of scapula

Front 15

which tubercle on the humerus is anterior to the other?

Back 15

lesser tubercle is anterior to the greater tubercle

Front 16

what is another name for the intertubercular groove?

Back 16

bicipital groove

Front 17

in what groove does the radial nerve lie on the humerus?

Back 17

posterior spiral groove (for radial nerve)

Front 18

what are the attachments of the deltoid muscle?

Back 18

lateral 1/3 of clavicle
lateral border of acromion
spine of scapula

deltoid tuberosity

Front 19

what innervates the deltoid muscle?

Back 19

axillary nerve (C5, C6) from posterior cord of brachial plexus

Front 20

what are the actions of the deltoid muscle?

Back 20

abducts humerus (intermediate fibers)
flexes humerus (anterior fibers)
extends humerus (posterior fibers)

Front 21

what forms the borders for the quadrangular space?

Back 21

superior - lateral border of scapula
lateral - surgical neck of humerus
inferior - teres major
medial - long head of triceps

Front 22

to where is the long head of the triceps attached?

Back 22

infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Front 23

what are the contents of the quadrangular space? where do they run?

Back 23

axillary (circumflex) nerve
posterior humeral circumflex artery
posterior humeral circumflex vein

run from anterior to posterior

Front 24

what is innervated by the axillary (circumflex) nerve?

Back 24

glenohumeral joint capsule
teres minor
deltoid muscle
overlying skin

Front 25

from what artery does the circumflex scapular artery branch?

Back 25

subscapular artery

Front 26

where does the circumflex scapular artery run?

Back 26

through the triangular space, grooves axillary border of scapula, and runs to infraspinous process

Front 27

where is the subacromial bursa?

Back 27

between the acromion and the suprasinatus tendon

Front 28

what is the name for the lateral extension of the subacromial bursa?

Back 28

subdeltoid bursa

Front 29

in full abduction, what does the greater tubercle pass underneath?

Back 29

acromion

Front 30

what muscles form the rotator cuff?

Back 30

subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
(teres major)

Front 31

what are the attachments of the subscapularis muscle?

Back 31

medial border of scapula, in subscapular fossa
lesser tubercle of humerus
medial lip of bicipital groove

Front 32

what innervates the subscapularis muscle?

Back 32

upper subscapular nerve
lower subscapular nerve

both from posterior cord of brachial plexus

Front 33

what is the function of the subscapularis muscle?

Back 33

medially rotate humerus

Front 34

what is between the subscapularis and the rib cage?

Back 34

serratus anterior

Front 35

what is the function of the serratus anterior?

Back 35

keep scapula protracted

Front 36

what are the attachments of the teres major?

Back 36

oval area on dorsum of inferior angle of scapula (on lateral border)

medial lip of bicipital groove

Front 37

what innervates the teres major?

Back 37

lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

Front 38

what are the actions of the teres major?

Back 38

medially rotates the humerus

Front 39

what are the attachments of the teres minor?

Back 39

area superior to teres major attachment on dorsal side of inferior angle of scapula

posterior portion of greater tubercle

Front 40

what innervates the teres minor?

Back 40

axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Front 41

what are the actions of the teres minor?

Back 41

laterally rotates the humerus

Front 42

what are the attachments of the supraspinatus?

Back 42

supraspinous fossa of scapula

greater tubercle of humerus

Front 43

what innervates the supraspinatus?

Back 43

suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

from upper trunk of brachial plexus

Front 44

what is the function of the supraspinatus?

Back 44

begins abduction of the humerus

Front 45

what are the attachments of the infraspinatus?

Back 45

infraspinous fossa of the scapula

greater tubercle of humerus

Front 46

what innervates the infraspinatus?

Back 46

suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

Front 47

what are the actions of the infraspinatus?

Back 47

laterally rotates the humerus

Front 48

what is joined by the anastomoses on and around the scapula?

Back 48

first part of subclavian artery with third part of axillary artery

Front 49

what causes Erb-Duchenne Palsy?

Back 49

damage to upper trunk of brachial plexus (C5, C6), due to fall on shoulder or being born shoulder first

Front 50

what shoulder movements are controlled by the upper trunk?

Back 50

flexion
abduction
lateral rotation

Front 51

what nerves are affected if C5 and C6 are damaged?

Back 51

suprascapular nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
axillary nerve

Front 52

what happens to the upper limb in Erb-Duchenne Palsy?

Back 52

takes on an extended, adducted, medially rotated position

Front 53

why can birth cause Erb-Duchenne Palsy in the baby?

Back 53

if the head is pulled out too quickly, the brachial plexus is stretched, damaging particularly the upper trunk (C5, C6)