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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiratory System functions
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-gas exchange 02 and co2
-Gas conditioning warm and moist -sound production-breath out when speaking -olfaction -Defense filters particles and organisms by hairs, twisted passageways and mucus |
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Organs
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Nose
Nasal Cavity |
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Nasal conchae
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increase surface area of mucus memebrane and causes swirling of inhaled air
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Blood vessels
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heat air
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goblet cells and mucus glands
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humidify the air
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Cilia and sticky mucus
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traps dust
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olfactory receptors
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lie beneath cribriform plate
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swollen/inflamed tissues
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affect voice quality
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Sinues
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decrease skull bone weight
- frontal,ethmoid, spenoid, maxillary |
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Pharynx
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throat
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Larynx
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-voice box that produces sound
-keeps food out of trachea -Epiglotis (flap) covers the glotis (opening) -composed of cartilage |
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false Vocal cords in larynx
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vestibular folds helps close glottis when swallowing
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True vocal chords in larynx
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vocal folds
sound production pitch=tension on vocal chrods intensity= force, more air pass vocal chords |
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Trachea Epithelium
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Pseudostratified, columbar W/ CILIA
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Trachea contains
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contains goblet cells and mucus secreting glands
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Trachea made of
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C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings
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Bronchial tree
1-3= cartilage |
1. Primary Bronchi
2. Secondary Bronchi 3. Tertiary/Segmented Bronchi |
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Bronchial tree 4-10 no cartilage
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4. Bronchioles- enter lung lobules (BASIC FUNCTIONAL UNIT)
5. Terminal Bronchioles 6. Respiratory Bronchioles- Aveoli bud off sides 7. Aveolar Ducts (lies w/in or travel to) 8. Aveolar Sac (cluster of aveoli) 9Aveoli- capillary network SITE of O2 and CO2 exchange 10. Diffusion |
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3 types of cells in AVEOLI
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Type 1- thin make up wall
Type 2- produce surfactant Macrophage- engulf microorganisms and particles |
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Lungs Rest upon
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the muscular diaphragm
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The Diaphragm and Rib cage
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surround the lungs
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Lobes in Lungs
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Right 3
Left 2 |
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Visceral Pleura
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covers lungs
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Parietal Plura
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lines the pleural cavity
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Pleural Cavity
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small space filled with serous fluid
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Inhalation 1-3
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1. Phrenic nerves travel to
2. Diaphragm- contracts downard 3. External Intercostals expand ribcage |
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Inhalation 4-6
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4. As volume increases= pressure decreases
5. Air is forced in due to ATM (atmospheric pressure) 6. Lungs Inflate |
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Expansion of lungs is aided by
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-Serous fluid= surface tension that holds pleural membranes together.
-Surfactant= Reduces sruface tension w/in aveoli= keeps aveoli from collapsing b/w breaths |
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Exhalation force comes from
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-Elastic recoil from elastic fibers
-Surface tension w/in aveoli |
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Forceful exhalation comes from
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Internal intercostals
Rectus abdominis obliques |
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controlling breathing
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trachea
bronchila tree lungs are innervated by Autonomic N.S. |
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Regulatory Respiration Centers located
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reticular formation through medulla oblongata and pons
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Pulmonary Plexus
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stretch receptors in bronchiloes---send impulses about stretch and cause change in breathing rate
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Chemoreceptors
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in caroid and aortic bodies---- use blood chemistry to signal brain to change breathing rate
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