Anatomy: Male Reproductive System

Front 1

What is the process called in which organisms produce offspring by means of germ cells called gametes?

Back 1

sexual reproduction

Front 2

What are the organs of reproduction grouped as?

Back 2

gonads, ducts, and accessory glands

Front 3

what do gonads produce and secrete?

Back 3

gametes and secrete hormones

Front 4

what group of reproductive organs transports , receives , and stores gametes? (hint: groups are gonads,ducts, accessory glands)

Back 4

ducts transport, receive and store gametes

Front 5

what is describes as a cutaneous outpouching of the abdomen that supports the testes?

Back 5

scrotum

Front 6

Internally what divides the scrotum into two sacs , each containing a single testis?

Back 6

scrotal septum

Front 7

What is the temperature of the testis regulated by ?

Back 7

cremaster muscle

Front 8

What does the reproduction and survival of spermatozoa require a temperature lower then?

Back 8

requires a temperature lower then normal core body temperature.

Front 9

what is described as a pair of oval shaped glands in the scrotum?

Back 9

testis

Front 10

When do the testis begin their descent into the scrotum through the inguinal canal in fetal development?

Back 10

later half of the seventh month

Front 11

what tubules are sperm cells made in?

Back 11

seminiferous tubules

Front 12

Where are these seminiferous tubules that are the site for sperm production?

Back 12

in the testis

Front 13

what is the function of sustentacular cells that are embedded among the spermatogenic cells?

Back 13

form blood testis barrier

Front 14

How do sustenacular cells form the blood testis barrier?

Back 14

by forming tight junctions

Front 15

What does the blood testis barrier created by sustenacular cells prevent?

Back 15

immune response against the surface antigens on the spermatogenic cells

Front 16

What do sustenacular cells nourish?

Back 16

spermatocytes, spermatids,spermatozoa

Front 17

What two hormones do sustenacular cells mediate the effects of on spermatogenesis?

Back 17

testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone

Front 18

what do sustenacular cells phagocytize as development proceeds?

Back 18

excess spermatids cytoplasms

Front 19

what do sustenaular cells control movement of?

Back 19

spermatogenic cells

Front 20

What do sustenacular cells control the release of into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule?

Back 20

sustentacular cells control the release of spermatozoa in into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

Front 21

what do sustenacular cells secrete fluid for ?

Back 21

sperm transport

Front 22

what hormone do stustenacular cells secrete ?

Back 22

hormone inhibin

Front 23

what cells found in spaces between seminferous tubules secrete testosterone?

Back 23

interstitial endocrinocytes (leydig cells)

Front 24

What does spermatogensis always begin with?

Back 24

mitosis

Front 25

What is the process called where where seminiferous tubules of the testis produce haploid sperm?

Back 25

spermatogenesis

Front 26

where does spermatogenesis begin?

Back 26

diploid spermatogonia (stem cell)

Front 27

Why do spermatogonia(stem cell) undergo mitosis?

Back 27

to reserve future sperm cells and to develop diploid primary spermatocytes for sperm production

Front 28

what is the maturation of the spermatids into sperm called?

Back 28

spermiogenesis

Front 29

What stage does spermiogenesis occur?

Back 29

final stage of spermatogenesis

Front 30

What does a diploid primary spermatocyte after undergoing meiosis 1 create?

Back 30

two haploid secondary spermatocytes

Front 31

what is the result when two haploid secondary spermatocytes undergoe meiosis 1

Back 31

formation of 4 haploid spermatids

Front 32

what are the spermatids connect by that are formed during Meiosis 11 of the secondary spermatocytes

Back 32

cytoplasmic bridges

Front 33

What is the release of sperm from its connection to a sertoli cell known as?

Back 33

spermination

Front 34

how many sperms are produced a day?

Back 34

300 million

Front 35

what is the life expectancy of a sperm once it is ejaculated?

Back 35

48 hours within the female reproductive tract

Front 36

what is the function of sperm?

Back 36

to fertilize a secondary oocyte

Front 37

what cells "nurse" developing sperm cells?

Back 37

sertoli cells/ sustenacular cells- they surround developing sperm to protect sperm from immune system and antibodies

Front 38

At puberty what hormone stimulates anterior pituitary secretions of follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)?

Back 38

gonadotropin releasing hormone

Front 39

What hormone initiates spermatogenesis?

Back 39

follicle stimulating hormone

Front 40

What hormone stimulates spermatogenesis and stimulates production of testosterone?

Back 40

luteinizing hormone

Front 41

What hormones controls the growth, development, functioning and maintenance of the male sex organs?

Back 41

testosterone

Front 42

What system regulates testosterone production?

Back 42

negative feedback system

Front 43

What are the functions of testosterone besides growth, development, functioning and maintenance of sex organs?

Back 43

stimulate bone growth,protein anabolism,sperm maturation,development of male secondary characteristics

Front 44

what does inhibition of FSH by inhibin (produced by sertoli cell) help regulate?

Back 44

spermatogenesis

Front 45

what duct is sperm transferred through out of the rete testis?

Back 45

efferent duct in the epididymus

Front 46

what is the site of sperm maturation?

Back 46

epididymus

Front 47

How long does sperm remain in the epididymus for?

Back 47

upto 1 month

Front 48

how long does spermatogenesis take?

Back 48

65-75 days

Front 49

what happens to sperm that are not ejaculated?

Back 49

they are reabsorbed or degenerated

Front 50

what does the spermatic cord consist of?

Back 50

ductus deferens, the testicular artery, autonomic nerves, veins that drain the testes, lymphatic vessels, and cremaster muscle

Front 51

what is the ejaculatory duct formed by the union of?

Back 51

ducts from the seminal vesicles and ducti deferens

Front 52

what is the function of the ejaculatory ducts?

Back 52

eject spermatozoa into the prostatic urethra

Front 53

What is the name of the anatomy that is described as a shared terminal duct of the reproductive and urinary system which serves as passageway for urine and semen?

Back 53

male urethra

Front 54

what are the three portions the male urethra is subdivided into?

Back 54

prostatic, membranous, spongy

Front 55

What do the accessory sex glands secrete the liquid portion of?

Back 55

most of the liquid portion of semen.

Front 56

what anatomy is part of the accessory sex glands?

Back 56

seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands

Front 57

what type of fluid do the seminal vesicles secrete?

Back 57

alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins, clotting proteins

Front 58

what is the purpose of the alkaline nature of semen?

Back 58

to neutralize acid in the male urethra and female reproductive tract

Front 59

why does sperm contain fructose?

Back 59

so it can be used for ATP production by the sperm

Front 60

How does prostaglandins help sperm?

Back 60

contribute to its mobility and viability

Front 61

what is the main protein found in sperm that causes coagulation of semen after ejaculation?

Back 61

semenogelin

Front 62

what percentage of fluid from the seminal vesicles does sperm consist of?

Back 62

60%

Front 63

which accessory sex gland secretes a milky , slightly acidic fluid?

Back 63

prostate gland

Front 64

what does the milky , slightly acidic fluid secreted by the prostate contain?

Back 64

citric acid (ATP), proteolytic enzymes (liquefy coagulated semen), seminalplasmin (antibiotic)

Front 65

what percentage of semen volume do prostatic secretions make?

Back 65

25%

Front 66

which accessory sex gland secretes mucous for lubrication and an alkaline substance that neutralizes acid?

Back 66

bulbourethral glands

Front 67

what is semen a mixture of?

Back 67

spermatozoa and accessory sex gland secretions .

Front 68

How do the secretions produces by accessory sex glands help the spermatozoa?

Back 68

provides fluid in which spermatozoa is transported, nutrients, neutralizes acidity of male urethra and female vagina

Front 69

what antibiotic does semen contain?

Back 69

seminalplasmin

Front 70

how do the prostatic enzymes aid semen's movement through the uterine cervix?

Back 70

prostatic enzymes coagulate then liquefy semen to aid in movement in the uterine cervix

Front 71

how fast does it take semen to coagulate once ejaculated due to the presence of coagulant proteins from the seminal vesicles?

Back 71

about 5 minutes

Front 72

What causes semen to reliqufie after about 10-20 minutes after ejaculation?

Back 72

PSA and other proteolytic enzymes produced by the prostate gland break down the clot.

Front 73

what is the male organ of copulation that is used to introduce spermatozoa into the vagina?

Back 73

penis!

Front 74

what does the root of the penis attach to?

Back 74

urogential diaphragm and pelvis

Front 75

What are the 3 cylindrical masses of tissue that compose the body of the penis?

Back 75

Corpora spongiosum- encircles the spongy urethra, Corpora cavernosa- pair of masses located above the spngiosum

Front 76

what type of reflex is an erection? (sympathetic, or parasympathetic)

Back 76

parasympathetic reflex

Front 77

what type of reflex is ejaculation?

Back 77

sympathetic

Front 78

During an erection where is the expansion of erectile tissue located?

Back 78

corpora cavernosa