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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of Skeletal Muscles |
1. Movement 2. Posture 3. Temperature Regulation 4. Storage and Movement of Materials 5. Support |
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Muscle Tissue Types |
1. Skeletal 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth |
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Which kind of muscle is short and branched with 1-2 nuclei, only in heart wall, short but large, and regeneration is very limited? |
CARDIAC |
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Which kind of muscle has spindle-shaped cells, 1 nucleus, NOT striated, found in hollow organs and walls of blood vessels, short but small, and extensive? |
SMOOTH MUSCLE |
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Which kind of muscle has long cylindrical fibers, is MULTInucleated, attached to bones, long and large, limited satellite cells, and MAIN PURPOSE is movement? |
SKELETAL MUSCLE |
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Name the make-up of a muscle in order from small to large... |
1. myofilaments 2. myofibril 3. muscle fiber (cell) 4. fascicle 5. muscle |
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What part of the muscle gives the STRIATED look? |
myofibril |
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Which level of the epithelial tissue is innermost and surrounds and insulates each muscle fiber? |
endomysium |
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Which level of the epithelial tissue surround fascicles, has dense irregular tissue, and has extensive arrays of blood vessels and nerves that branch to supply each fascicle? |
perimysium |
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Which level of the epithelial tissue is the layer of dense irregular that surrounds entire muscle? |
epimysium |
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What is the Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) ? |
The synapse where the motor neuron communicates with a muscle |
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What purposes do blood vessels serve? |
Blood delivers nutrients (oxygen and ATP) necessary for muscle contraction and removes waste |
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What are layers of flat broad tendons, shiny whitish color, sparingly supplied by blood vessels and nerves, and join muscles to bones like tendons? |
Aponeurosis |
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What is an origin when talking about muscle attachment? |
proximal, greater mass, and more stability during a contraction |
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What is an insertion when talking about muscle attachment? |
a bone, tends to be distal and has greater motion during contraction |
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Where can muscles attach? |
1. bone 2. skin (facial muscles) 3. mucous membrane (tongue) 4. fascia (surrounding organs) 5. other muscles, including itself |
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What causes carpal tunnel syndrome? |
Inflammation of one of the nine tendons that pass through the hand puts pressure on the retinaculum (aponeurosis) |
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What are the four categories of skeletal muscle fiber organization pattern? |
1. circular 2. parallel 3. convergent 4. pennate |
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Which skeletal muscle fiber category is described as a sphincter, located at openings of internal passageways? (i.e. orbicularis oris) |
CIRCULAR |
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Which skeletal muscle fiber category is described to run parallel to its long axis, have central belly, muscle shortens with contraction and body grows in diameter? (i.e. rectus abdominis, biceps brachii) |
PARALLEL |
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Which skeletal muscle fiber category is described as widespread muscle fibers that converge at a common attachment site (tendon, tendinous sheet), versatile, direction of pull can be modified (i.e. pectoralis major) |
CONVERGENT |
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Which skeletal muscle fiber category is described to resemble a large feather, one or more tendons extending through the body, fascicles are arranged oblique angle to the tendon, moves less but generates more tension and strength |
PENNATE |
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Explain uni, bi, and multipennate |
uni: muscle fibers on SAME SIDE of tendon (extensor digitorum) bi: on both sides of tendon (palmar and dorsal interosseus muscles) multi: branches of tendon within the muscle (deltoid) |
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Explain FIRST-CLASS LEVER of BIOMECHANICS |
Fulcrum between effort and resistance arms R-F-E (i.e. scissors, neck) |
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Explain SECOND-CLASS LEVER of BIOMECHANICS |
Resistance arm between fulcrum and effort point F-R-E (i.e. wheel barrow, plantar flexion) |
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Explain THIRD-CLASS LEVER of BIOMECHANICS |
Effort arm between fulcrum and resistance R-E-F (i.e. forceps, flexing the arm) |
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Explain agonist, antagonist, and synergist |
agonist- prime mover antagonist- works against the agonist synergist- assists the prime mover |
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When extending the arm, the agonist would be ______ and antagonist would be _____ . Vice versa for flexion. |
agonist- triceps antagonist- biceps |
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What does a single motor unit consist of? |
1. 1 motor neuron 2. Muscle fibers innervated by motor neuron 3. Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) |
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What is the structural unit of a muscle? |
cell/fiber |
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What is the functional unit of a muscle? |
motor unit |
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What kind of unit has 1 neuron to several hundred muscle fibers, (e.g. large trunk and thigh muscles), strength? |
Large motor units |
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What kind of unit has 1 neuron to just a few muscle fibers, (e.g. small eye and hand muscles), precision, has discreet and complex motions? |
Small motor units |
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What is tone? |
State of excitability of the nervous system controlling or influencing skeletal muscles |
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What is hyperplasia? |
Increase in fiber number |
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Innervated vs. Denervated? |
Innervated: fast quick motion Denervated: less force, slow motion |
