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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three main types of muscle tissue? How do they differ?
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Skeletal (voluntary, striated, and attaches to bone); cardiac (striations, nucleus, intercalated disks); smooth (single nucleus, lack the striations, and are involuntary)
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What is a muscle's origin?
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Origin is the muscle’s attachment to the stationary bone.
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What is a muscle's insertion?
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Insertion is its attachment to the more movable bone.
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How do a muscle's myofilaments provide the mechanism for movement?
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Thick and thin myofilaments in a muscle fiber first attach to one another by forming “bridges” that then act as levers to ratchet or pull the myofilaments past each other.
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What are the three primary functions of the muscular system?
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Movement, posture or muscle tone, and heat production
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When a prime mover muscle contracts, what does its antagonist do?
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They produce a movement in opposition to the prime movers.
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How would you define the term posture?
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Body parts are held in the position, balancing the distribution of weight.
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How does muscle function affect body temperature?
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The contraction of muscle fibers produces most of the heat required to maintain body temperature.
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What is oxygen debt?
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Continued increased metabolism that must occur in a cell to remove excess lactic acid that accumulates during prolonged exercise. Labored breathing after the cessation of exercise is required to “pay the debt” of oxygen required for the metabolic effort.
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What is a motor unit?
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A single motor neuron, with the muscle fibers it innervates
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How does a muscle produce different levels of strength?
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The muscle fibers have a threshold stimulus and each one is different, therefore providing the body with the ability to exert different levels of strength.
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What is the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions?
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In an isotonic contraction the muscle changes length, producing movement. In an isometric contraction the muscle pulls forcefully against a load (changes tension) but does not change length.
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How does strength training affect a person's muscles?
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It increases the number of myofilaments in each muscle fiber.
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When a person flexes the knee, what movement is this?
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You are bending it.
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What happens when a person abducts his or her arm?
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You are moving the part away from the midline of your body.
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How is dorsiflexion of the foot performed?
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The toe is pointed upward and towards the head.
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What do the muscles of mastication do for a person?
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Responsible for closing the mouth and producing chewing movements
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Why is the triceps brachii muscle sometimes called the "boxer's muscle"?
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Because this muscle is responsible for delivering blows during fights
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What action does the hamstring muscle perform?
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Serve as powerful flexors of the lower leg
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