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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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There are 4 basic types of tissue:
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connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue
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supports other tissues and binds them together (bone, blood, and lymph tissues)
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Connective tissue
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Provides a covering (skin, the linings of the various passages inside the body)
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Epithelial tissue
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includes striated (also called voluntary) muscles that move the skeleton, and smooth muscle, such as the muscles that surround the stomach
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Muscle tissue
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Made up of nerve cells (neurons) and is used to carry "messages" to and from various parts of the body.
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Nerve tissue
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Functions of Epithelial Tissue
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Protection, Ecretion, absorption, secretion and filtration.
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Intrinsic Properties
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1. cellularity, 2. polarity 3. basement membrane, 4. specialiazed contacts, 5. avascularity, regeneration.
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Is form when basal lamina and reticular lamina are connect.
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basement membrane
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Nerve fibrous but no blood vessel
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avascularity
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property of epithelial to rebuit
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regeneration
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macula adherens
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desmosomes
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In vertebrates, there are three major types of cell junctions
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Adherens junctions or Desmosomes
Gap junctions Tight junctions |
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Is a junction between certain animal cell-types that allows different molecules and ions, mostly small intracellular signaling molecules (intracellular mediators), to pass freely between cells.
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gap junction or nexus
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Are the closely associated areas of two cells whose membranes join together forming a virtual impermeable barrier to fluid. It is a type of junctional complex only present in vertebrates.
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Tight junctions
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zonula occludens
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Tight junctions
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Is a cell structure specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion.
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desmosome
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macula adherens
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desmosome
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Made up of one or more cells that segret a product known as segreation.
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gland
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Glands that secrete their products (enzymes) into ducts (duct glands)
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Exocrine glands
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Secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands).
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endocrine glands
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Sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver and the pancreas.
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exocrine glands
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(sweat) glands are small tubular structures situated within and under the skin. They discharge sweat by tiny openings in the surface of the skin.
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sudoriferous Gland
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Glands exist in humans throughout the skin except in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
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SEBACEUOS GLAND
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Shape of cells
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flat, cubed, columnar
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number cell layers
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single simple, multiple stratified
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found in the lining of nephrons, the walls of the renal tubules, and parts of the eye and thyroid.
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Simple cuboidal eplithelia
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epithelial cells with a cuboidal shape arranged in a single layer.
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Simple cuboidal eplithelia
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Lining blood vessel heart
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endothelium
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front cavitiesline of the membrane
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mesothelium
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It forms the lining of the stomach and intestines
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Simple Columnar
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found in the lines of the trachea as well as the upper respiratory tract.
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Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia
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consists of squamous (flattened) epithelial cells arranged in layers upon a basement membrane.
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stratified squamous epithelium
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transitional columnar
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changes and found bladder and uterous
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what makes up connective tissue.
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ground, fibers, cells
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functions of connective tissue
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1. protection, 2. binoling, 3. insolation, 4. transportation and 5. support.
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what makes up ground substance?
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interstitial fluid, cell adhesion protection, and proteoglycans
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glycosamino glygan
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keratan sulfate, hyalronic acid, chondrotin sulfate
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3 type of fibers
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1. collagen, 2. elastic, 3. reticular
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connective tissue from middle layer
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mesoderm
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start of a tissue that covers the body surfaces. It emerges first and forms from the outermost of the germ layers.(outer layer)
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ectoderm
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inner layer of tissue
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endoderm
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Cell eating
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Macrophages
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give rise to antibodies
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plasma cells
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fat cells
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adipocytes
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There are two types of adipose tissue:
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white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT),
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resident(perminant) cell of several types of tissues and contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.
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mast cells
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most widely distributed connective tissue type in vertebrates.
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loose areolar
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fat loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes. Its main role is to store energy in the form of fat,
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loose adipose tissue
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consists of parallel, densely packed collagen fibers that form bands or sheets.
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Dense regular connective tissue
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The specific type of connective tissue found in the dermis
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dende irregular
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Connective tissue includes
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1.Loose or areolar C.T.
2.Dense C.T. 3.Specialized C.T. 4.Adipose tissue 5.Blood cells 6.Bone 7.Cartilage |
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wall of the aorta and the elastic ligament of the spine
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dense elastic
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dense connective tissue which contains predominantly elastic fibers rather than collagen
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Elastic tissue
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which epidermal cell type is most numerous?
a. keratinocyte, b. melanocyte, c. langerhan's cell, d merkel cell. |
a. keratinocyte
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Which cell functions as part of the immune system?
a. keratinocyte, b. melanocyte, c. langerhan's cell, d merkel cell. |
c. langerhan's cell
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The epidermis provides a physical barrier due largely to the presence of
a. melamin, b. carotese, c. collagen d. keratin |
d. keratin
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Skin color is determined by
a. the amount blood, b. pigments, c. oxygenation level of the blood, d. all these |
d.all these
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The sensation of touch and pressure are picked up by receptors located in
a. stratum germinativum b.the dermin c. the hypodermis d. the stratum corneum |
b.the dermin
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Which is not true statement about the papillary layers of the dermis?
a. it produces the pattern for fingerprints, b.it is most responsible for the toughness of the skin? c.it contains nerve endings that respond to the stimuli. d. it is highly vascular |
b.it is most responsible for the toughness of the skin?
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Skin surface marking that reflect points of tight dermal attachment to underlying tissues are called
a. tension line B. papillary ridges c. flexure line d. epidermal papillae |
c. flexure line
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which of the following is not an epidermal derivative?
a. hair b. sweat gland c. sensory receptor d. sebaceous gland |
c. sensory receptor
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An arrector pili muscle
a. is associated with each sweat gland b. can cause a hair to stand up straight c. enables each hair to be stretched when wet d. provide new cells for continued growth of its associated hair. |
b. can cause a hair to stand up straight
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The product of this type of sweat gland includes protein and lipid substance that become odoriferous as a result of bacteria action:
a. apocrine gland b. eccrine gland c. sebaceous gland d. pancreatic gland |
a. apocrine gland
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Sebum
a. lubricates the surface of the skin and hair b. consist od dead cells and fatty substances c. in excess may cause seborrhea d. all of these |
d. all of these
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The rule of nines is helpful clinically in
a. diagnosing skin cancer b. estimating the extent of a bun c. estimating how serious a cancer is d. preventing acne |
b. estimating the extent of a bun
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