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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy
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cutting up and study of parts and organization
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Physiology
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study of function
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Hematopoiesis
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making of blood in the bones
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Metabolisim
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physical and chemical events that obtain, release, and utilitize energy
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Catabolism
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breakdown of a substance into its smaller parts, either by mechanical or chemical.
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Anabolism
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putting something together; building an energy source
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Homeostasis
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balance
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Homeostasis Mechanism:
Receptor |
tells body what is happening; relays info
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Homeostasis Mechanism:
Control Center |
determines response to info provided by receptor
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Homeostasis Mechanism:
Effector |
responds to events
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Integumentary System
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Skin
Protects tissue, regulate body temp. |
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Skeletal System
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Bones, ligaments, cartilage
Framework, protect organs and soft tissue, produce blood |
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Muscular System
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Muscles
gives form and shape, causes movement |
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Endocrine System
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Hormone glands
control metabolic activities |
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Cardiovascular System
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Heart, arteries, capillaries
Move blood and transport substances and O2 to organs |
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Lymphatic System
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Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
defend against infection, return tissue fluid to the blood |
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Digestive System
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Mouth and path out
receive, break down, and absorb food, eliminate unabsorbed material |
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Respiratory System
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lungs, bronchi, trachea
intake and output of air, gas exchange between air and blood |
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Urinary System
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Kidneys, ureters, bladder
remove waste from blood, maintain water/electrolyte balance |
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Reproductive System
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Produce sperm and egg cells
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Positive feedback
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quick response: child birth, lacerations
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Negative feedback
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response to fix a situation
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Dorsal
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back
dorsal cavity: head, spinal column |
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Ventral
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front
thoracic, pleural, mediastinum, abdominal and pelvic cavities |
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midsagital
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vertical line dividing body into equal parts
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sagital
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vertical section of a body, running parallel to the median
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transverse
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horizontal section
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frontal or coronal
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separates body into anterior and posterior
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Ipsilateral
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structures on the same side
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Contralateral
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structures on the opposite side
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3 major parts of a cell
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nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
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Mitochondrion
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produces power for the cell
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Microvilli
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absorption and cellular adhesion
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Secretory vesicles
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contains material to be excreted
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Golgi apparatus
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post office of a cell
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Lysosomes
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garbage disposal / self destruct
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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produces proteins/ Ribosomes for the cell
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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processes made proteins
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3 parts of a Nucleus
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Nuclear envelope (gatekeeper), nucleolus (ribosome formation), chromatin (medium containing dna)
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Centrioles
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responsible for cellular division, making it orderly
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3 forms of Endocytosis
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pinocytosis (cell drinking),
phagocytosis (cell eating), receptor-mediated endocytosis (quickly acquiring specific particles) |
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Exocytosis
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expulsion of material out of a cell
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What do ribosomes do?
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protein synthesis
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ATP is produced where?
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Mitochondria
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Function of nucleoli?
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create ribosomes
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A cell's supporting framework.
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Cytoskeleton
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Smallest cell fibers.
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microfilaments
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Thick, hollow, cell fiber tubes.
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microtubules
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Clip that holds chromosomes
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Centrosome
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Plasma membrane is made up of what?
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a phospholipic bilayer consisting of hydrophilic heads and lipid tails
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What does the cholesterol do in the plasma membrane?
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stabilize the cell membrane
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What kind of proteins form specialized doorways for specific molecules?
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integral proteins
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What is the function of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs, desmosomes, gap junctions)?
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allow cells to stick together and to allow small molecules to move between the the cytoplasm of the adjacent cell(s)
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What do Peroxisomes do?
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disarms free radicals by turning them in to hydrogen peroxide
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What is active transport?
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moving substances into the cell, against the grain
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Two types of cell division
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Meiosis - form sex cells
Mitosis - general propose cells |
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Five phases of cell division
IP MAT |
Interphase
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
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What is Interphase?
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DNA duplicates
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What is Prophase?
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DNA condenses (chromosomes), centrioles form mitotic spindle
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What is Metaphase?
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lining up of chromosomes along spindle
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What is Anaphase?
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seperation of duplicated chromosomes and migration to opposite ends of the cell
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What is Telophase?
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Chromosomes uncoil and cell divides.
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Anaerobic cellular metabolisim
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w/o o2, glucose is split into two pyruvic acids and yields 2 ATP
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