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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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URINARY SYSTE STRUCTURE
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KIDNEYS, URETERS, URETHRA, URINARY BLADDER
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URINARY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
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*REMOVE WASTE FROM BLOOD
*MAINTAIN pH, & ION BALANCE *FORM, TRANSPORT, COLLECT, & ELIMINATE URINE |
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KIDNEYS LOCATION
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*BETWEEN THE 12TH THORACIC & 3RD LUMBAR
*LEFT KIDNEY SLIGHTLY HIGHER *BEHIND PARIETAL PERITONEUM OF ABDONMINAL CAVITY |
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KIDNEYS FUNCTIONS
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*REGULATE VOLUME & COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS
*CONTROL pH OF BODY FLUIDS *CONTROL RATE OF BLOOD CELL FORMATION-HORMONE ERYTHROPOIEN *REGULATE BLOOD PRESSURE-ENZYME RENIN *REGULATE ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM IONS BY ACTIVATING VITAMIN D |
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KIDNEYS STRUCTURE
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*HILUM
->RENAL PELVIS *2MAJOR REGIONS: ->RENAL CORTEX ->RENAL MEDULLA |
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HILUM
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*LOCATED ON CONCAVE SURFACE OF KIDNEY.
*WHERE BLOOD VESSELS, LYMPHATIC VESSELS, NERVES & URETERS PASS |
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RENAL PELVIS
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WHERE URETERS & KIDNEYS MEET, CAN BE SUBDIVIDED INTO MAJOR & MINOR CALYCES
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RENAL CORTEX
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*MAJOR REGION OF KIDNEY*
*OUTER SHELL AROUND MEDULLA, ENTERS MEDULLA FORMING THE RENAL COLUMNS THAT SUBDIVIDE MEDULLA INTO RENAL PYRAMIDS *SURRONDED BY RENAL CAPSULE: FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSURE |
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RENAL MEDULLA
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*MAJOR REGION OF KIDNEY*
*SUBDIVIDED INTO RENAL PYRMIDS-CONE SHAPED REGIONS OF TISSUES *CONTAINS MANY TUBULES |
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RENAL ARTERIES
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*SUPPLY BLOOD TO KIDNEYS
*BRANCHING STRUCTURE ->BRANCHES INTO INTERLOBAR ARTERIES-BETWEEN RENAL PYRAMIDS ->INTERLOBAR ARTERIES FORM ARCUATE ARTERIES @ CORTEX, CURVE AROUND BASE OF PYRAMIDS ->ARCUATE ARTERIES GIVE RISE TO INTERLOBULAR ARTERIES ->INTERLOBULAR ARTERIES GIVE RISE TO AFFERENT ARTERIOLES WHICH LEAD TO NEPHRONS *ENTER THROUGH HILUM *ARISE FROM THE ABDOMINAL AORTA |
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RENAL VEIN
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*BLOOD RETURNING FOLLOWS PATH: INTERLOBULAR TO ARCUATE, TO INTERLOBAR TO RENAL VEIN
*BRINGS BLOOD FROM KIDNEYS *ENTERS INFERIOR VENA CAVA |
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NEPHRON FUNCTION
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CONTROL COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS & REMOVE WASTE FROM BLOOD
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NEPHRON STRUCTURE
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MAKE UP OF RENAL CORPUSCLE & RENAL TUBULE
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RENAL CORPUSCLE
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*GLOMERULUS
*GLOMERULAR CAPSULE (BOWMAN'S CAPSULE) |
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GLOMERULUS
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*MIX OF BLOOD CAPILLARIES
*LEADING FROM AFFERENT ARTERIOLES, BLOOD EXITS THROUGH EFFERENT ARTERIOLES ->AFFERENT ARTERIOLE HAS MUCH LARGER DIAMETER THAN CAPILLARIES OR EFFERENT ARTERIOLE ->>PROVIDES HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE (HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE) INSIDE GLOMERULUS |
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GLOMERULAR CAPSULE (BOWMAN'S CAPSULE)
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*THIN, SAC-LIKE STRUCTURE THAT SURRONDS GLOMERULUS
*2 LAYERS ->VISCERAL LAYER-COVERS GLOMERULUS ->PARIETAL LAYERS-CONTINUOUS W/RENAL TUBULE |
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RENAL TUBULE
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*LEADS FROM CAPSULE
*COILED *RECEIVES FLUID FILTERED @ THE GLOMERULUS *BLOOD SUPPLIED BY PERITUBULAR CAPILLARY SYSTEM ->LOW PRESSURE ->FORMS VASA RECTA @ NEPHRON LOOP |
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PATHWAY OF BLOOD THROUGH THE BLOOD VESSELS OF THE KIDNEY & NEPHRON
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*RENAL ARTERY
*INTERLOBAR ARTERY *ARCUATE ARTERY *INTERLOBULAR ARTERY *AFFERENT ARTERIOLE *GLOMERULAR CAPILLARY *EFFERENT ARTERIOLE *VASA RECTA & PERITUBULAR CAPILLARY *INTERLOBULAR VEIN *ARCUATE VEIN *INTERLOBAR VEIN *RENAL VEIN |
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RENAL TUBULE
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*PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
->LONG, COILED TUBE *NEPHRON LOOP(LOOP OF HENLE) ->DESCENDING & ASCENDING LIMB *DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE ->SHORTHER THAN PROXIMAL ->PASSES NEAR GLOMERULUS @ JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS ->IMPORTANT IN SECRETING RENIN *EMPTIES INTO COLLECTION DUCTS |
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TYPES OF NEPHRONS
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*CORTICAL NEPHRONS
->80% OF NEPHRONS ->SHORT NEPHRON LOOPS ->LOCATED IN RENAL CORTEX *JAUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRONS ->NEPHRON LOOPS EXTEND DEEP INTO RENAL MEDULLA ->REGULATE WATER BALANCE |
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URETERS
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*LEAVES KIDNEY @ RENAL PELVIS
*EXTEND DOWNWARD POSTERIOR TO THE PARIETAL PERITONEUM *IN PELVIC CAVITY, JOIN URINARY BLADDER ->FLAP LIKE FOLD OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE ACTS AS VALVE ALLOWING ONE WAY FLOW OF URINE INTO BLADDER *WALL OF URETER ->MUCOUS COAT ->MUSCULAR COAT-PROPEL URINE ->FIBROUS COAT |
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URINARY BLADDER LOCTION
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*PELVIC CAVITY
**MALES: LIES AGAINST RECTUM **FEMALES: ANTERIOR TO UTERUS AND VAGINA |
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URINARY BLADDER STRUCTURE
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*WALLS HAVE 4 LAYERS
->MUCOUS COAT: TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM ->SUBMUCOUS COAT: CONNECTIVE TISSUE(HIGH ELASTIC CONTENT) ->MUSCULAR COAT: SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE FORMS DETRUSOR MUSCLE ->OUTER COAT: UPPER SURFACE=PARIETAL PERITONEUM(SEROUS COAT), LOWERS SURFACE=FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
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URINARY BLADDER FUNCTION
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*RECEIVE, STORE, RELEASE URINE
->URINE ENTERS FROM URETERS & LEAVES THROUGH NECK LEADING TO URETHRA |
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URETHRA STRUCTURE
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WALL LINED W/MUCOUS MEMBRANE, SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBERS, MUCOUS GLANDS
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URETHRA FUNCTION
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TUBE CARRIES URINE FROM URINARY BLADDER TO OUTSIDE OF BODY
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URETHRA LOCATION
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*FEMALE: BLADDER-BELOW SYMPHYSIS PUBIS, EMPTIES BETWEEN LABIA MINORA
*MALE: PASSES THROUGH PROSTRATE & PENIS ->FUNCTIONS AS URINARY CANAL & PASSAGEWAY FOR SPERM |
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URINE FORMATION
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*URINE:PRODUCED BY NEPHRONS
^CONTAINS WASTES & EXCESS WATER & ELECTROLYTES *3 STEPS: ^GLOMERULAR FILTRATION ^TUBULAR REABSORPTION ^TUBULAR SECRETION |
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GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
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FILTRATION OF BLOOD PLASMA BY GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES
^PRODUCES LOTS OF FLUID(180L/24HRS) |
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TUBULAR REABSORPTION
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REABSORBS MUCH OF WATER, ELECTROLYTES, & GLUCOSE LEAVING WASTES
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TUBULAR SECRETION
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SUBSTANCES SECRETED INTO RENAL TUBULE FROM CAPILLARIES FOR EXCRETION INTO URINE
^END UP IN HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS THAN FROM FILTRATION ALONE ^WASTE PRODUCTS LIKE HYDROGEN IONS & TOXINS |
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GLOMERULAR FILTRATE
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*CONSISTS OF MAINLY WATER, SMALL DISSOLVED MATERIALS, IONS
*FILTRATE PASSES THROUGH THE FENESTRAE(SMALL OPENINGS) OF THE GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES ENDOTHELIUM TO ENTER GLOMERULAR CAPSULE *COMPOSITION IS MOSTLY WATER & SAME SOLUTES AS BLOOD PLASMA ^FEW LARGER PROTEINS ^^WATER, GLUCOSE, AMINO ACIDS, UREA, URIC ACID, CREATINE, CREATININE, SODIUM, CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM, BICARBONATE, PHOSPHATE & SULFATE |
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HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
*glomerular filtration* |
FORCES PRODUCTS THROUGH CAPILLARY WALLS
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