Anatomy Physiology I-Nsci 280-Chapter 1

Front 1

___ studies the struture of body parts and their relationships to one another.

Back 1

Anatomy

Front 2

___ concerns the function of the body-how the body parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities

Back 2

Physiology

Front 3

___ or ___ anatomy is the study of the body's structures visible to the naked eye

Back 3

Gross, macroscopic

Front 4

In ___ anatomy, all the structures in a particular region of the body are examined at the same time.

Back 4

regional

Front 5

In __ anatomy, the body struture is studied system by system

Back 5

systemic

Front 6

___ antomy is the study of structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.

Back 6

surface

Front 7

___ anatomy deals with structures that cannot be seen by the naked eye.

Back 7

microscopic

Front 8

___ studies the cells of the body, while ___ studies the tissues.

Back 8

cytology, histology

Front 9

___ anatomy studies structural changes that occur in the body through its life span.

Back 9

Developmental

Front 10

___ studies the develomental changes that occue before birth.

Back 10

Embryology

Front 11

___ anatomy studies structural changes caused by disease.

Back 11

Pathological

Front 12

In ___ ___, the structure of biological molecules is investigated

Back 12

molecular biology

Front 13

The principal of complementarity of structure and function is defined as"

Back 13

what a structure can do depends on it's specific form

Front 14

The simplest level of the structural hierarchy is the ___ level.

Back 14

chemical

Front 15

___ are the smallest units of living things

Back 15

cells

Front 16

Directly above the chemical level of the structural hierarchy is the __ level.

Back 16

cellular

Front 17

Above the cellular level lies the ___ level

Back 17

tissue

Front 18

___ are groups of similar cells that have a common function

Back 18

tissues

Front 19

___ tissue covers the body surface lines it's cavities

Back 19

epithelium

Front 20

An ___ is a discrete structure composed of at least 2 tissue types that performs a specific function within the body.

Back 20

organ

Front 21

The ___ level lies above the tissue level in the hierarchy.

Back 21

organ

Front 22

The level above the organ is known as the ___ ___

Back 22

organ system

Front 23

Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose make up an ___ ___

Back 23

organ system.

Front 24

There are __ organ systems in the body.

Back 24

11

Front 25

Name all the organ systems in the body.

Back 25

1. integumentary 2. skeletal 3. muscular 4. lymphatic 5. respiratory 6. digestive 7. nervous 8. endocrine 9. cardiovascular 10. urinary 11. reproductive

anagram=Curler Minds

Front 26

___ is a broad term that describes all the chemical reactions that occur within bdy cells

Back 26

metabolism

Front 27

Breaking down substances into their simpler building blocks is called ___

Back 27

catabolism

Front 28

Synthesizing more complex structures from simpler substances is called ____

Back 28

anabolism

Front 29

Synthesizing more complex structures from simpler substances using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP is called ___ ____

Back 29

cellular respiration

Front 30

___ is the process of removing wastes from the body.

Back 30

excretion

Front 31

What gas is a byproduct of cellular respiration?

Back 31

carbon-dioxide

Front 32

Reproduction can occur at what two levels?

Back 32

cellular or organismal

Front 33

___ is an increase in size of a body part or the organism

Back 33

growth

Front 34

For true growth to occur, ___ activities must occur at a faster rate than ___ activites.

Back 34

constructive, destructive

Front 35

Survival needs include what 5 things?

Back 35

nutrients, oxygen, water, appropriate temp and atmospheric pressure.

Front 36

Approximately __% of the air we breathe is oxygen.

Back 36

20%

Front 37

___ is described as the ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions while the outside world changes continuously.

Back 37

homeostasis

Front 38

Describe the chain of the homeostatic control mechanism.

Back 38

receptor (detects stimuli)--> afferent pathway--> control center (determines set point, decides course of action)--> efferent pathway-->effector (output)-->either depresses stimulus(negative feedback) or enhances it (positive feedback)

Front 39

Most homeostatic control mechanisms are ___ ___ mechanisms

Back 39

negative feedback

Front 40

In negative feedback systems, the output ___ ___ the original stimulus or ___ its intensity

Back 40

shuts off, reduces

Front 41

Our internal thermostats is located in which organ?

Back 41

hypothalamus

Front 42

A rising level of ADH in the bloodstream triggers what?

Back 42

prompts the kidneys to absorb more water and return it to the bloodstream

Front 43

In __ __ systems, the result or response enhances the original stimulus so that the activity is accelerated.

Back 43

positive feedback

Front 44

Positive feedback systems usually control ___ events that do not require continous adjustments.

Back 44

infrequent

Front 45

Give two examples of homeostatic mechanisms using positive feedback.

Back 45

labor contractions and blood clotting.

Front 46

___ causes labor contractions to become both more frequent and more powerful.

Back 46

oxytocin

Front 47

____ is to head and trunk, as ____ is to legs and arms

Back 47

axial, appendicular

Front 48

Define superior

Back 48

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or body.

Front 49

Define inferior

Back 49

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or body.

Front 50

Define ventral (anterior)

Back 50

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Front 51

Define dorsal (posterior)

Back 51

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

Front 52

Define medial

Back 52

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.

Front 53

Define intermediate

Back 53

between a more medial and lateral structure

Front 54

Define proximal

Back 54

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Front 55

Define distal

Back 55

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Front 56

Superficial (external)

Back 56

Toward or at the body surface

Front 57

Deep (internal)

Back 57

away from the body surface; more internal

Front 58

Regional Terms

Acromial

Back 58

point of shoulder

Front 59

Regional Terms

Axillary

Back 59

armpit

Front 60

Regional Terms

Antecubital

Back 60

front of elbow

Front 61

Regional Terms

Antebrachial

Back 61

forearm

Front 62

Regional Terms

Pollex

Back 62

thumb

Front 63

Regional Terms

Palmer

Back 63

palm

Front 64

Regional Terms

Crural

Back 64

leg

Front 65

Regional Terms

Tarsal

Back 65

ankle

Front 66

Regional Terms

Frontal

Back 66

forehead

Front 67

Regional Terms

Mental

Back 67

chin

Front 68

Regional Terms

Coxal

Back 68

hip

Front 69

Regional Terms

Fibular or peroneal

Back 69

side of leg

Front 70

Regional Terms

hallux

Back 70

Great toe

Front 71

Regional Terms

Manus

Back 71

hand

Front 72

Regional Terms

Olecranal

Back 72

back of elbow

Front 73

Regional Terms

Popliteal

Back 73

back of knee

Front 74

Regional Terms

Sural

Back 74

calf

Front 75

Body Planes

Sagittal

Back 75

vertical plane that divies the body into left and right halves

Front 76

Regional Terms

Median plane (midsaggital)

Back 76

sagittal plane that lies directly on midline

Front 77

Regional Terms

parasagittal

Back 77

sagittal plane offest from midline

Front 78

Regional Terms

Frontal plane (coronal)

Back 78

vertical planes that divide body into anterior and posterior

Front 79

Regional Terms

Transverse (horozontal)

Back 79

horizontal plane from right to left dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

Front 80

Regional Terms

A transverse section is also called a

Back 80

cross section

Front 81

Regional Terms

Oblique

Back 81

cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes

Front 82

The dorsal body cavity is divided into what two body cavities?

Back 82

cranial and spinal

Front 83

The two main subdivisions of the ventral body cavity are the __ and __

Back 83

thoracic and abdominopelvic

Front 84

The thoracic cavity is further subdivided into ___ and ___

Back 84

lateral plueral cavities and the mediastinum

Front 85

The mediastinum contains the ___ cavity, which contains the heart

Back 85

pericardial

Front 86

Name the 3 organs housed in the abdominal cavity.

Back 86

stomach, intestines, spleen, liver

Front 87

The walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surface of the organs it contains are covered by the ___ membrane.

Back 87

serous (serosa)

Front 88

The part of the membrane covering the cavity walls in the ventral body cavity is called the ____ ____

Back 88

parietal serosa

Front 89

The parietal serosa folds in on itself to form the ___ serosa, covering the organs in the ventral body cavity

Back 89

visceral.

Front 90

The potential space between serous membranes is filled by ___ ___.

Back 90

serous fluid

Front 91

Name the regions of the abdonimopelvic cavity starting at 12:00 when looking at a person in the anatomical position

Back 91

Epigastric, left hypochondriac, l lumbar, l iliac, hypogastric (pubic), right iliac, r lumbar, r hypochondriac, umbilical (middle), also, LUQ, LLQ, RLQ, RUQ