Anatomy & Physiology Exam 3

Front 1

Blood - The only fluid _________ in the body

Back 1

tissue

Front 2

Blood - complex __________ tissue

Back 2

connective

Front 3

Blood has both ____________components

Back 3

solid and liquid

Front 4

living tissue of blood

Back 4

formed elements

Front 5

nonliving fluid matrix

Back 5

plasma

Front 6

erythrocytes

Back 6

red blood cells

Front 7

red blood cells

Back 7

erythrocytes

Front 8

function in oxygen transport

Back 8

formed elements

Front 9

Leukocytes

Back 9

White blood cells

Front 10

cell fragments

Back 10

platelets

Front 11

40% of blood volume

Back 11

formed elements

Front 12

1% blood volume

Back 12

White blood cells

Front 13

55% whole blood

Back 13

Plasma

Front 14

Plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood

Back 14

albumen

Front 15

Assist in clotting blood

Back 15

clotting proteins

Front 16

plasma proteins
defense and transport of lipid proteins

Back 16

Globulins

Front 17

Blood taste

Back 17

metallic

Front 18

temperature of blood

Back 18

100.4 - slightly higher than body temp

Front 19

blood is what % of body weight

Back 19

8%

Front 20

how many liters

Back 20

~6

Front 21

Formed elements

Back 21

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

Front 22

Blood volume ___________ in altitude

Back 22

increases

Front 23

Biconcave discs

Back 23

erythrocytes

Front 24

do erythrocytes have a nucleus?

Back 24

No

Front 25

Erythrocytes are full of

Back 25

hemoglobin

Front 26

responsible for oxygen transport

Back 26

hemoglobin

Front 27

1000:1

Back 27

ratio of RBC's to White blood cells

Front 28

how many RBCs in 1 cu mm

Back 28

~5 million

Front 29

Which body organ plays the main role in producing blood proteins?

Back 29

liver

Front 30

Single RBC contains 250 million

Back 30

Hemoglobin Molecules

Front 31

Hemoglobin Molecule

Back 31

4 mols of Oxygen

Front 32

Decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of blood

Back 32

Anemia

Front 33

Reduced RBCs or reduced or abnormal hemoglobin production

Back 33

Anemia

Front 34

Abnormal hemoglobin

Back 34

sickle cell anemia

Front 35

RBCs dam up small blood vessels

Back 35

sickle cell anemia

Front 36

Defends body against damage by pathogens

Back 36

leukocytes

Front 37

able of move in and out of blood vessels

Back 37

luekocytes - diapedesis

Front 38

Able to locate areas of damage via chemical signals

Back 38

leukocytes - positive chemotaxsis

Front 39

numbers can be doubled in a few hours

Back 39

leukocytes

Front 40

Granule containing WBC's

Back 40

granulocytes

Front 41

lobed nuclei

Back 41

granulocytes

Front 42

phagocytes of acute infection

Back 42

neutrophils

Front 43

responds to allergies and infections or parasitic worms

Back 43

eosinophils

Front 44

contain histamine, which attracts other wbcs in an infection area

Back 44

basophils

Front 45

granulocytes

Back 45

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Front 46

lack granules with normal nuclei

Back 46

agranulocytes

Front 47

largest of WBCs

Back 47

monocytes

Front 48

macrophages against chronic infections like tuberculosis

Back 48

monocytes

Front 49

megakaryocytes

Back 49

platelets

Front 50

RBC formation is regulated by

Back 50

erythropoietin

Front 51

Hormone that targets bone marrow cells when Oxygen levels are low

Back 51

erythropoietin

Front 52

why are leukocytes produced

Back 52

when a pathogen enters the body

Front 53

decrease blood flow to the vessel reducing blood loss until clotting can occur

Back 53

vascular spasms

Front 54

Platelet plug releases

Back 54

serotonin

Front 55

serotonin enhances

Back 55

vascular spasms

Front 56

When vascular ___________ is damaged ____________ are exposed and ________ stick to them

Back 56

endothelium
collagen fibers
platelets

Front 57

------------- are released to attract more platelets to the site of a cut

Back 57

chemicals

Front 58

________ is released by damaged cells

Back 58

tissue factor

Front 59

_______ is released and it interacts with tissue factor, vitamin K and calcium to trigger the clotting cascade

Back 59

PF3

Front 60

PF3 is released and it interacts with tissue factor, vitamin K and calcium to trigger the ____________

Back 60

clotting cascade

Front 61

Thrombin joins ___________ proteins into hairlike molecules called _______

Back 61

fibrogen
fibrin

Front 62

Characteristics of RBCs

Back 62

biconcave
anucleate
hemoglobin
few organelles
Antigens

Front 63

our immune systems would attack cells with unfamiliar _________ but we tolerate our own

Back 63

antigens

Front 64

Blood with and unfamiliar antigen cause antibodies to

Back 64

agglutinate

Front 65

Antigens first identified in Rhesus monkeys

Back 65

Rh blood group

Front 66

Most americans are Rh

Back 66

+

Front 67

If an Rh- person receives Rh+ blood they begin making

Back 67

antibodies

Front 68

When does a person reject the wrong Rh blood

Back 68

after the first blood transfusion

Front 69

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Back 69

it an Rh- woman has two Rh+ babies

Front 70

fragments of blood cells used for clotting

Back 70

platelets

Front 71

Plasma is made mostly of water which

Back 71

absorbs a lot of metabolic heat

Front 72

Plasma is made of

Back 72

water
electrolytes
plasma protein

Front 73

blood plasma transports over

Back 73

100 different solutes

Front 74

what are the most abundant solutes

Back 74

plasma proteins

Front 75

plasma proteins are made mostly in the

Back 75

liver

Front 76

Plasma Proteins

Back 76

fibrinogen
albumen
globulin

Front 77

albumen is responsible for

Back 77

osmotic pressure of blood

Front 78

antibodies are types of

Back 78

globulins

Front 79

Composition of blood is always

Back 79

dynamic

Front 80

Hemoglobin is made of four

Back 80

amino acid chains

Front 81

hemoglobin carries

Back 81

oxygen through the body

Front 82

Hemoglobin in adults - types and # amino acid chains

Back 82

two alpha chains and two beta chains

Front 83

Embryonic hemoglobin

Back 83

beta chain replaced with gamma chain

Front 84

In embryonic hemoglobin replacing a beta with a gamma chain produces a

Back 84

higher grip on oxygen

Front 85

One iron molecule behind the oxygen molecule

Back 85

Heme group

Front 86

Heme group is responsible for

Back 86

the red color of blood

Front 87

Horseshoe crab has ________ in hemoglobin which makes it appear blue

Back 87

copper

Front 88

blood is heavy because of

Back 88

iron

Front 89

diapedesis

Back 89

WBCs move in and out of blood vessels at will

Front 90

positive chemotaxis

Back 90

able to locate areas of damage via chemical signals

Front 91

when cells are damaged they

Back 91

call for help

Front 92

in case of infection WBCs numbers can be

Back 92

doubled in a few hours

Front 93

Hematopoiesis

Back 93

RBC production

Front 94

Hemocytoblasts

Back 94

stem cells in bone marrow

Front 95

Lymphoid stem cells

Back 95

lymphocytes

Front 96

Myeloid stem cells

Back 96

Erythrocytes
Platelets
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes

Front 97

Secondary stem cells

Back 97

Lymphoid stem cells
Myeloid Stem cells

Front 98

Steps in regulating RBC production

Back 98

Reduced Oxygen
Kidney releases erythropoietin
binds to receptors in red bone marrow (erythropoiesis)
more RBCs
increased Oxygen

Front 99

Kidney has sensors for the

Back 99

oxygen concentration of the blood

Front 100

Hemostasis

Back 100

stop bleeding

Front 101

Hemostasis steps

Back 101

vascular spasms
formation of platelet plug
coagulation
blood clotting

Front 102

vascular spasm

Back 102

slows or stops blood flow to the area
reduces blood flow until clotting

Front 103

Phagocytes of acute infection

Back 103

neutrphils

Front 104

allergies
infections
worms

Back 104

eosinophils

Front 105

histamine
attracts WBC
chemotaxis

Back 105

Basophils

Front 106

found in lymphatic tissue
immune response

Back 106

lymphocytes

Front 107

Chronic infections
Tuberulosis
macrophages

Back 107

monocytes