Anatomy & Physiology Chap 2 Terminology Quiz

Front 1

acid

Back 1

a substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution.
Also known as: proton donors

Front 2

adenosine triphospate (ATP)

Back 2

the compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy

Front 3

atom

Back 3

the smallest part of an element; indivisible by ordinary chemical means

Front 4

atomic symbol

Back 4

a one- or two-letter symbol indicating a particular element

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base

Back 5

a substance that accepts hydrogen ions; propton acceptor

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carbohydrate

Back 6

organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose.

Front 7

chemical reaction

Back 7

process in which molecules are formed, changed, or broken down

Front 8

compound

Back 8

substance composed of two or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united

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covalent bond

Back 9

a bond involving the sharing of electrons between atoms

Front 10

decomposition reaction

Back 10

a destructive chemical reaction in which complex substances are broken down into simpler ones

Front 11

electrolyte

Back 11

a substance that breaks down into ions when in solution and is capable of conducting an electric current

Front 12

element

Back 12

any of the building blocks of matter; oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, etc.

Front 13

energy

Back 13

the ability to do work

Front 14

enzyme

Back 14

a substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in bodily chemical reactions

Front 15

exchange reaction

Back 15

a chemical reaction in which bonds are both made and broken; atoms become combined with different atoms

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hydrogen bond

Back 16

weak bond in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between two electron-hungry atoms. An important intramolecular bond.

Front 17

inorganic compound

Back 17

a compound that lacks carbon (for example, water)

Front 18

ionic bond

Back 18

bond formed by the complete transfer of electron(s) from one atom to another (or others). The resulting charged atoms, or ions, are oppositely charged and attract each other

Front 19

isotope

Back 19

different atomic form of the same element. Isotopes vary only in the number of neutrons they contain.

Front 20

lipid

Back 20

organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples are fats and cholesterol

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matter

Back 21

anything that occupies space and has mass

Front 22

molecule

Back 22

particle consisting of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

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neutron

Back 23

uncharged subatomic particle; found in the atomic nucleus

Front 24

nucleic acid

Back 24

class of organic molecules that includes DNA and RNA

Front 25

organic compound

Back 25

a compound containing carbon; examples include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats

Front 26

pH

Back 26

the symbol for hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Front 27

protein

Back 27

a complex nitrogenous substance; the main building material of cells

Front 28

proton

Back 28

subatomic particle that bears a positive charge; located in the atomic nucleus

Front 29

radioactivity

Back 29

the process of spontaneous decay seen in some of the heavier isotopes, during which particles or energy is emitted from the atomic nucleus; results in the atom becoming more stable

Front 30

radioisotope

Back 30

isotope that exhibits radioactive behavior

Front 31

salt

Back 31

ionic compound that dissociates into charged particles (other than hydrogen or hydroxyl ions) when dissolved in water

Front 32

synthesis reaction

Back 32

chemical reaction in which larger molecules are formed from simpler ones.

Front 33

valence shell

Back 33

the outermost energy level of an atom that contains electrons; the electrons in the valence shell determine the bonding behavior of the atom

Front 34

basal metabolic rate

Back 34

the rate at which energy is expended (heat produced) by the body per unit time under controlled (basal) conditions: 12 hours after a meal, at rest.

Front 35

metabolism

Back 35

the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Front 36

nutrient

Back 36

a substance in food that is used by the body to promote normal growth, maintenance, and repair

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essential nutrient

Back 37

water?

Front 38

calorie

Back 38

unit of heat; the large calorie is the amount of heat required to raise 1 kg of water 1 degree celsius; also used in metabolic and nutrition studies as the unit to measure the energy value of foods

Front 39

mineral

Back 39

inorganic chemcial compound found in nature; salts

Front 40

vitamin

Back 40

organic compound required by the body in minute amounts for physiological maintenance and growth

Front 41

catabolism

Back 41

the process in which living cells break down subtstances into simpler substances; desctructive metabolism

Front 42

anabolism

Back 42

the energy-requiring building phase of metabolism in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances

Front 43

glucose

Back 43

the principal sugar in the blood; a monosaccharide

Front 44

lipoprotein

Back 44

lipoid and protein-based substances that transport fatty acids and cholesterol in the bloodstream; major varieties are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)