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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which hexose has a left/up -OH on C3?
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glucose
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Which hexose has left/up -OH on C2 and C3?
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mannose
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Which hexose has left/up -OH on C3 and C4?
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galactose
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Which hexose has left/up -OH on C2 and C4?
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idose
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Which disaccharide has a Beta1->4 bond?
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lactose
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Which disaccharide is non-reducing?
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sucrose
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What is the deficient enzyme in VonGierke's disease?
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glucose-6-phosphatase
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What does VonGierke's disease cause?
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liver enlargement, hyperglycemis, and jaundice
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What is the deficient enzyme in McArdle's disease?
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glycogen phosphorylase
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What are proteoglycans made of?
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core protein + long unbranched glycosaminoglycans
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What do omega-3 fatty acids give rise to?
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thromboxane A3 (anti-clotting mechanism)
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What are the 2 essential fatty acids?
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linoleic acid (precursor of omega-3 fatty acids)
alpha-linolenic acid (precursor of arachadonic acid) |
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What type of sphingolipids contain a single sugar residue?
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cerebrosides
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What type of sphingolipids contain many sugar residues?
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gangliosides
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What type of sphingolipids contain phophorylcholine?
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sphingomyelin
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What enzyme is deficient in Tay-Sachs disease and what substance is increased as a result?
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Beta-hexosaminidase
increased ganglioside |
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What enzyme is deficient in Gaucher's disease?
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glucocerebrosidase
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What enzyme is deficient in Niemann-Pick disease?
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sphingomyelinase
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What is the rate-limiting step enzyme in cholesterol synthesis?
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HMG-CoA reductase
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What enzyme is necessary for the production of leukotrienes?
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lipoxygenase
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What enzyme is necessary for the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes?
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cyclooxygenase
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What is the Henderson-Hasselbech equation?
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pH = pK + log [base]/[acid]
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What are the 2 major buffers in the blood?
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bicarbonate and hemoglobin
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What is the bicarbonate buffering equation?
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pH = 6.1 + log [HCO3-]/(.03[Pco2])
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What causes sickle cell anemia?
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mutation in Beta subunit from Glu -> Val at position #6
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What enzyme is deficient in SCIDs?
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adenosine deaminase
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What do high levels of urate cause?
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gout
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What enzyme if deficient in Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome?
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HGPRT
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What is the first pyrimidine formed?
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orotate
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What is the first purine formed?
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IMP
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What are the steps involved in ELISA?
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Attach Ab
Add sample Attach secondary Ab |
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What are the steps involved in Western Immunoblotting?
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SDS-PAGE
Transfer to membrane Primary antibody Secondary antibody |
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Which cofactors are covalently bound to an enzyme, and which are non-covalently bound?
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covalent: prosthetic groups
non-covalent: coenzymes |
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What are the 6 classes on enzymes?
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Oxireductases: oxidation-reduction reactions
Transferases: transfer of functional groups Hydrolases: hydrolysis reactions Lyases: group elimination to double bonds Isomerases: isomerization Ligases: bond formation coupled with ATP hydrolysis |
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What are the 5 catalysis mechanisms?
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Proximity
Orbital Steering Strain/Distortion/Induced Fit Entropy - coupling of steps to get favorable product Active Site |
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What changes in the graph for competitive inhibition?
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Km increases
reverse inhibition by increasing [S] |
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What changes in the graph for noncompetitive inhibition?
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Vmax decreases
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What is the promary example of an isoenzyme?
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lactate dehydrogenase in heart(H) vs. muscle/liver(M)
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What is the first step in gluconeogenesis?
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pyruvate -> oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase
activated by acetly-CoA |
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What holds 2 stands of DNA together?
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base stacking
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Which form of DNA is a left-handed helix?
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Z DNA
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What is the sugar pucker for B DNA?
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C-2'endo
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What is the equation for supercoiling of DNA?
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L = W + T
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What is the main prokaryotic polymerase?
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pol III
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Which is the main polymerase on the leading stand in eukaryotes?
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pol Epsilon
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Which is the main polymerase on the lagging strand in eukaryotes?
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pol Delta
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What is the flow equation?
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Fluid Movement = K[(Pc+PIi) - (Pi+PIc)
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What is the Nernst equation?
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E = 60 log ([X]o/[X]i)
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Which type of muscle fibers are slow twitch?
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Type I
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What are the 3 types of contractions?
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Isotonic: Tension > Load
Isometric: Tension = Load Eccentric: Tension < Load |
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Where is the A band of the sarcomere found?
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spans a myosin filament
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Where is the H Zone of the sarcomere found?
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between actin filaments
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Where is the I Band of the sarcomere found?
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between myosin filaments
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Which lung volume cannot be measured with a spirometer?
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functional reserve capacity
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What is the lung volume above the normal tidal volume?
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inspiratory reserve volume
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