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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anatomy
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study of the shape and structure of the body
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physiology
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how the body functions
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histology
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study of cells and tissues
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pathology
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study of diseases, not properly functioning body
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homeostasis
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the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment
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receptor
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sends signals to control center by nerves
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control center
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(brain) sends signals to effector organ
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effector
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(lungs, diaphram)
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anatomical position
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standing up, arms out to side, palms facing forward (for a human)
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superior (cranial)
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nearer to the head
ex head is superior to the neck |
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inferior (caudal)
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nearer to the feet
ex feet are inferior to the ankles |
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anterior (ventral)
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nearer to the front (stomach)
ex nose is anterior to your eyes |
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posterior (dorsal)
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nearer to the back (back)
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medial
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nearer to the middle
ex. neck is more medial than your shoulders |
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lateral
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farther from the middle
ex. thumb more lateral than pinky |
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negative feedback
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when you have a pathway and something send a signal back to the beginning and says 'stop'
-->-->-->-->-->-->-->--> "stop" <--<--< |
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positive feedback
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amplified signals
--> --> --> --> --> --> --> --> |
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intermediate
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between a lateral and a medial structure
ex. quads |
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proximal
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nearer to the trunk or point of origin
ex knee is proximal to ankle |
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distal
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farther from trunk
ex hand is distal to elbow |
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superficial
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nearer to or on the surface
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deep
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farther from the surface
ex muslces deep to skin |
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acromial
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shoulders
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antecubital
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'elbow pits'
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axillary
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armpit
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brachial
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upper arm
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buccal
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upper cheek
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carpal
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wrist
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cervical
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neck(bone)
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coxal
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hip / tailbone
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crural
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lower leg (anterior)
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digital
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fingers and toes (anterior)
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femoral
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upper leg/thigh (anterior)
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fibular
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lateral sie legs (anterior)
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inguinal
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where thigh meets trunk (anterior)
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nasal
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nose (anterior)
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oral
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mouth (anterior)
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orbital
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eyes (anterior)
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patellar
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knee (anterior)
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pelvic
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pelvis (anterior)
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tarsal
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ankle (anterior)
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thoracic
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chest (anterior)
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umbilical
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bellybutton (anterior)
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cephalic
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head (posterior)
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deltoid
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shoulder (posterior)
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gluteal
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butt (posterior)
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lumbar
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lower back curve(posterior)
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occipital
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back of brain (vision control)(posterior)
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popliteal
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back of knee(posterior)
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sacral
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bone in butt(posterior)
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scapular
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shoulder blade(posterior)
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sural
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calf(posterior)
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vertebral
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all spine(posterior)
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dorsal
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backside
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ventral
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front side
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thoracic
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top (ribcage)
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in ribcage
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heart, lungs, esophagus
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abdominopelvic
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bottom (stomach, liver)
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diaphram
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seperates thoracic and adominopelvic border
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quadrants
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upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left
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right hypochondriac region
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lung
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epigastric region
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heart, lungs, liver
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left hypochondriac region
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lung
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right lumbar region
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liver , large intestine
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umbilical region
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stomach, liver, large intestine
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left lumbar region
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spleen, stomach, large intestine
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right iliac region
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large/small intestine
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hypo-gastric region
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rectum, small and large intestines
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left iliac region
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small and large intestines
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integumentary organs
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sin
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integumentary function
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waterproofs the body and cushions and protects deeper tissue from injury. helps regulate body temp.
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skeletal organs
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cartilages, join, bones
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skeletal function
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protects and supports body organs and provides framework for mucles , used to cause movement
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nervous organs
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brain, sensory receptor, spinal cord, nerves
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nervous function
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controls systems of body, responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands
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Endocrine system organs
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pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis
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Endocrine function
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glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth , reproduction, ovaries and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
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Muscular system organs
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skeletal muscles
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muscular system function
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allows manipulation of environment, locomotion, and facial expression. maintatins posture, produces heat.
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respiratory system organs
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nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, left lung
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respiratory system function
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keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, gaseous exchanges occur through walls of air sacs of lungs
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lymphatic system organs
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thoracic duct, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessells
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lymphatic system function
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picks up fluid leaked from blood vesseslls and returns it to bood, disposes of debris in the lymphatic strea,; houses white blood cells in
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digestive system organs
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oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestinse, rectum, anus
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urinary system organs
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kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
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midsaggital body plane (median)
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cuts body in half down the front (one leg one side, one on the other...)
1 1 1 1 1 |
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frontal plane
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cuts body in half longways (front legs on one half, back of legs on the other)
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transverse plane
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cuts body in half horizontally (head in top half, legs in bottom half)
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