Anatomy - Pevlis And Perineum

Front 1

Greater Sciatic Foramen (contents)

Back 1

Sciatic nerve

Gluteal

Pudendal neurovascular bundles

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 2

Greater Sciatic Foramen (walls)

Back 2

Inferior - Sacrospinous ligament

Superior - Ilium

Posterior - Sacrum

Anterior - Ischium

Front 3

Lesser Sciatic Foramen (contents)

Back 3

Tendon of the obturator internus muscle

Pudendal neurovascular bundles

Front 4

Pelvic diaphragm (composition)

Back 4

Pubococcygeus

Iliococcygeus

Ischiococcygeus

Front 5

Levator ani (composition)

Back 5

Made of the pubococcygeus and the iliococcygeus

Front 6

Pelvic diaphragm (utility)

Back 6

Supports the abdominal muscles when the abdominal pressure is increased

Front 7

Sphincters (names and origins)

Back 7

Come from slips of the pubococcygeus

Pubovaginalis

Puborectalis

Front 8

Puborectalis (re: defecation)

Back 8

Must relax in defecation

Front 9

Internal pelvic sphincters (properties and innervation)

Back 9

Tonically active

Innervated by S2-4 ventral rami

Front 10

External pelvic sphincters (properties and innervation)

Back 10

Tonically closed

Innervated by inferior rectal nerve and perineal nerve

Front 11

Ischiorectal fossa

Back 11

Fat-filled space below the pelvic diaphragm

Allows distention for fecal passage

Front 12

Urogenital diaphragm (location and innervation)

Back 12

External to the levator ani

Covers only the urogenital triangle

Innervated by pudendal nerve

Front 13

Urogenital diaphragm (composition)

Back 13

Deep transversus perinei muscles

Fascia above and below

Front 14

Perineum (walls)

Back 14

Anterior - pubis

Posterior - coccyx

Lateral - Ischiopubic rami

Front 15

Upper half of anal triangle (embryological origin, innervation, arteries)

Back 15

Derived from the hindgut

Same innervation and arteries as rectum

Front 16

Lower half of anal triangle (embryological origins and innervation)

Back 16

Derived from the proctodeum

No anal columns

Inferior rectal nerve

Front 17

Lower half of anal triangle (arteries and lymphatics)

Back 17

Inferior rectal artery (comes from pudendal artery)

Lymphatics go to superfical inguinal nodes)

Front 18

Rectal sphincters

Back 18

Subcutaneous

Superficial (middle region of anal canal)

Deep (upper end of anal canal)

Front 19

Ischiorectal fossa (contents)

Back 19

Pudendal canal

Front 20

Pudendal canal (contents)

Back 20

Pudendal nerve

Internal pudendal vessels

Front 21

Pudendal nerve (branches)

Back 21

Inferior rectal nerve

Dorsal nerve of the penis

Perineal nerve

Front 22

Internal pudendal artery (branches)

Back 22

Inferior rectal artery

Branches to the penis or labia and clitoris

Front 23

Urogenital triangle fatty fascia

Back 23

Continuous with Camper's fascia

In the penis, fascia is turned into dartos muscle

Front 24

Urogential triangle membraneous fascia

Back 24

Colles' fascia

Continuous with Scarpa's fascia

Front 25

Deep fascia of the penis

Back 25

Buck's fascia

Forms a sleeve around the penis

Front 26

Root of the penis (location)

Back 26

Superficial perineal pouch

Front 27

Root of the penis (muscles)

Back 27

Bulb of the penis

Right and left crura of the penis (attached to the ischiopubic rami)

Front 28

Erectile tissue of the penis

Back 28

Corpus spongiosum (continuation of the bulb)

Corpora cavernosa

Front 29

Corpus spongiosum

Back 29

Contains the urethra

Forms the glans penis

Front 30

Corpora cavernosa

Back 30

Formed from the two crura

Dorsal part of the penis

Front 31

Bulbospongiosus muscle (location and purpose)

Back 31

In the superficial perineal pouch

Cover the bulb of the penis

Compress the penile part of the urethra

Front 32

Ischiocavernosus muscles (location and purpose)

Back 32

Cover the crura

Compress the crus and assist in erection (retarding venous return)

Front 33

Perineal body

Back 33

Small mass in the center of perineum

Point of attachment for sphincters and muscles

Front 34

Deep perineal pouch (male contents) (4)

Back 34

Membraneous part of the urethra

Sphincter urethra muscle (voluntary)

Bulbourethral glands (ducts enter the penile urethra)

Internal pudendal vessels

Front 35

Contents of urogential triangle (female)

Back 35

Clitoris

Bulb of vestibule and crura

Labia majora and minora

Front 36

Unique contents of female superficial perineal pouch (2)

Back 36

Greater vestibule glands

Paraurethral glands

Front 37

Greater vestibule glands

Back 37

Secrete lubricating mucus

Open in to the vestibule

Front 38

Paraurethral glands

Back 38

Similar to prostate

Open in to the vestibule

Front 39

Vestibule (female)

Back 39

Similar to bulb of penis

Front 40

Somatic innervation of perineum (location)

Back 40

Innervates the pelvic floor muscles and external sphincters

Front 41

Sympathetic innervation of the perineum (location)

Back 41

Innervates the internal sphincters

Front 42

Parasympathetic innervation of the perineum (location)

Back 42

Innervates the smooth muscle in the walls of the organs

Innervates the penis/clitoris

Front 43

Urinary internal sphincter (innervation, purpose, damage)

Back 43

Allows overfilling of the bladder

Sympathetic control

Damage leads to retrograde ejaculation

Front 44

Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder and rectum

Back 44

Motor - contracts the sphincters; prevents reflux of semen into the bladder

Sensory - carry pain to spinal cord

T12-L2

Front 45

Which of the following physical security practices is the best security solution implementation?
A. Placing a halon fire extinguisher system in the new cafeteria.
B. Erecting parking lot lighting on poles in the center of periodic islands, on which trees and bushes have been planted for beautification.
C. Installing emergency exit fire doors that fail close in the event of a power failure and that have push panic bars for emergency release.
D. Placing outside windows in a data center looking at the parking lot so that employees can see their vehicles.

Back 45

Answer: C. When possible, you want emergency doors to fail open in the case of a power failure. However, when fail-open is not appropriate, it is critical that the doors have a push panic bar that permits people to exit in the event of an emergency. Not only are halon fire systems no longer available for deployment, but they would be inappropriate for a cafeteria. On the customer side of a cafeteria, water should be deployed as the suppression agent. On the kitchen side of a cafeteria, wet chemicals are used. Trees should not be planted under the poles that provide safety lighting, because their foliage will block the light. Data centers should be located in the center of an organization’s building, where outside windows are unavailable and inappropriate.

Front 46

Erection (arteries)

Back 46

Helicine arteries dilated

Front 47

Nitric oxide (re: erection)

Back 47

Converts GTP to GMP

Calcium is sequestered in cells, moving them apart

Blood fills the sinusoids

Erection is maintained by compression of small veins

Front 48

Piriformis muscle (location)

Back 48

Closes the anterior wall of the sacrum

Front 49

Obturator internus muscle (location)

Back 49

Hugs the pelvis wall

Front 50

Perineum vs Pelvis

Back 50

Pelvis is above the pelvic diaphragm

Front 51

Sexual innervation (male)

Back 51

Erection - parasympathetic

Emission - sympathetic

Ejaculation - somatic