Anatomy: Pelvis & Perineum I

Front 1

pelvis & perineum are separated by

Back 1

pelvic diaphragm

Front 2

pelvis lies superior to

Back 2

pelvic diaphragm

Front 3

perineum lies inferior to

Back 3

pelvic diaphragm

Front 4

two main regions of pelvis

Back 4

false pelvis & true pelvis

Front 5

false pelvis aka

Back 5

greater pelvis

Front 6

false pelvis lies superiorly between

Back 6

alae (wings) of ilium

Front 7

true pelvis is _______ shaped

Back 7

bowl

Front 8

true pelvis aka

Back 8

lesser pelvis

Front 9

true pelvis lies inferiorly and

Back 9

posteriorly

Front 10

true pelvis is related to which bones?

Back 10

sacrum, coccyx, & pelvic bones

Front 11

pelvis contains & supports portions of which systems?

Back 11

urinary, reproductive, & digestive systems

Front 12

bladder is located in the ______ portion of the pelvis

Back 12

anterior

Front 13

rectum is located in the _______ portion of the pelvis

Back 13

posterior

Front 14

in the female, _______ systems pass through the pelvic diaphragm

Back 14

urinary (urethra), reproductive (vagina), & digestive (rectum --> anal canal)

Front 15

order of three systems that pass through pelvic diaphragm in women, anterior to posterior

Back 15

urinary (urethra), reproductive (vagina), & digestive (rectum --> anal canal)

Front 16

in the male, _______ systems pass through the pelvic diaphragm

Back 16

urogenital & digestive systems

Front 17

in the male, the ______ system joints the urinary system while in the pelvis

Back 17

the reproductive system

Front 18

in males, these two systems join within the prostate gland

Back 18

the reproductive and urinary systems

Front 19

reproductive organs in the female

Back 19

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia

Front 20

reproductive organs in the male

Back 20

testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, external genitalia

Front 21

perineum, function

Back 21

anchors roots of external genitalia

Front 22

______ attaches to bone & perineal membrane in females

Back 22

clitoris

Front 23

______ attaches to bone & perineal membrane in males

Back 23

penis

Front 24

pelvic inlet aka

Back 24

pelvic brim

Front 25

5 structures that comprise the pelvic inlet

Back 25

sacral promontory, ala of sacrum, arcuate line of ilium, pectineal line of pubis, pubic symphysis

Front 26

four shapes of pelvic inlet

Back 26

anthropoid, gynecoid, android, platypelloid

Front 27

most common shape of pelvic inlet

Back 27

gynecoid

Front 28

lateral wall muscles of pelvis

Back 28

obturator internus & piriformis

Front 29

obturator internus & piriformis exit to

Back 29

go to lower limb

Front 30

lateral wall bones of pelvis

Back 30

pelvic bone

Front 31

pelvic bone is a composite of which three bones?

Back 31

pubis, ilium, & ischium

Front 32

greater sciatic notch is ______ to ischial spine

Back 32

superior

Front 33

lesser sciatic notch is ________ to ischial spine

Back 33

inferior

Front 34

obturator foramen is

Back 34

that big hole in the hipbone!

Front 35

ligaments that convert the sciatic notches into foramina

Back 35

sacrotuberous & sacrospinous ligaments

Front 36

two foramina into which the sciatic notches are converted

Back 36

greater sciatic foramen & lesser sciatic foramen

Front 37

the piriformis muscle passes through

Back 37

the greater sciatic foramen

Front 38

the obturator internus passes through

Back 38

the lesser sciatic foramen

Front 39

pelvic outlet is shaped like

Back 39

a diamond

Front 40

boundaries of the pelvic outlet

Back 40

pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, sacrotuberous ligaments, & coccyx

Front 41

pelvic outlet can be divided into

Back 41

the UG triangle & the anal triangle

Front 42

ischiopubic ramus is comprised of

Back 42

inferior pubic ramus & ischial ramus

Front 43

pelvic floor of the pelvic diaphragm has two (paired portions), which include

Back 43

levator ani & coccygeus mm.

Front 44

perineal membrane

Back 44

thick, triangular fascia located only anteriorly between paired rami

Front 45

perineal membrane, function

Back 45

strengthens (supports) pelvic floor anteriorly

Front 46

perineum lies _______ to pelvic floor

Back 46

inferior

Front 47

imaginary line between paired ischial tuberosities forms these two triangles

Back 47

UG and anal

Front 48

three major foramina of pelvis

Back 48

obturator, greater sciatic, lesser sciatic

Front 49

obturator foramen connects

Back 49

pelvis with thigh

Front 50

greater sciatic foramen connects

Back 50

pelvis with gluteal area

Front 51

lesser sciatic foramen connects

Back 51

perineum with gluteal area

Front 52

ASIS & pubic tubercle lie in the same

Back 52

vertical plane

Front 53

UG & anal triangles are located in

Back 53

different planes

Front 54

pelvic cavity projects

Back 54

posteriorly

Front 55

pelvic inlet is angled at ____ degrees forward relative to horizontal

Back 55

50-60

Front 56

pudendal n., fiber type

Back 56

somatic

Front 57

pudendal n., arises from

Back 57

S 2-4

Front 58

as it exits the pelvis, the pudendal n. becomes

Back 58

the greater pudendal n.

Front 59

as it enters the perineum, the pudendal n. becomes

Back 59

the lesser pudendal n.

Front 60

the ischial spine is used as a landmark for locating

Back 60

the pudendal n.

Front 61

erection is made possible by

Back 61

pelvic splanchnic nn.

Front 62

pelvic splanchnic nn, fiber type

Back 62

parasympathetic

Front 63

pelvic splanchnic nn, arise from

Back 63

S 2-4

Front 64

pelvic splanchnic nn arise from ______ plexus

Back 64

pelvic plexus

Front 65

in males, the pelvic splanchnic nn follow

Back 65

the urethra

Front 66

in females, the pelvic splanchnic nn follow

Back 66

the vagina

Front 67

perineal body is

Back 67

the place where the structures of the pelvic floor intersect with structures in the perineum; it's a fibromuscular node

Front 68

perineal body covered by

Back 68

levator ani mm & muscles in the UG & anal triangles (including the skeletal muscle sphincters associated with the urethra, vagina, & anus)

Front 69

the course of the urethra differs in

Back 69

males vs. females

Front 70

in the male, there are _____ angles within the penile urethra

Back 70

two

Front 71

in men, the urethra first passes through the

Back 71

prostate

Front 72

after passing through the prostate, the urethra courses through

Back 72

the deep perineal pouch & perineal membrane

Front 73

the male urethra finally becomes enclosed within

Back 73

the erectile tissues of the penis before opening at the end of the penis

Front 74

the fixed angle of the male urethra is the location where

Back 74

the urethra bends anteriorly in the root of the penis after passing through the perineal membrane

Front 75

the non-fixed angle of the male urethra occurs

Back 75

distally where the unattached part of the penis curves inferiorly; when the penis is erect, this second angle disappears

Front 76

this angle disappears when the penis is erect

Back 76

the non-fixed angle of the male urethra

Front 77

pelvic (hip) bone comprised of

Back 77

three bones

Front 78

three bones of hip

Back 78

ilium, ischium, & pubis

Front 79

female bony pelvis, three characteristics

Back 79

wider subpubic angle (80-85); larger pelvic inlet; larger pelvic outlet

Front 80

male bony pelvis, three characteristics

Back 80

narrower subpubic angle (50-60); smaller pelvic inlet; smaller pelvic outlet

Front 81

pelvic inlet, true conjugate diameter

Back 81

A-P diameter; upper margin of symphysis to midpoint of sacral promontory

Front 82

pelvic inlet, oblique diameter

Back 82

sacroiliac joint to iliopectineal eminence of opposite side

Front 83

pelvic inlet, most common type

Back 83

gynecoid

Front 84

pelvic inlet, second most common type

Back 84

anthropoid

Front 85

anthropoid shape, characteristics

Back 85

ape-like, larger A-P diameter

Front 86

platypelloid shape, characteristics

Back 86

large transverse diameter

Front 87

sacroiliac joint, type

Back 87

mixed: cartilaginous & synovial

Front 88

sacroiliac joint has _______ mobility with age

Back 88

decreased

Front 89

sacroiliac joint is more mobile in

Back 89

females (females have greater synovial component that lasts longer before becoming cartilaginous

Front 90

two main ligaments of pelvic wall

Back 90

sacrospinous ligament & sacrotuberous ligament

Front 91

pelvic ligaments, function

Back 91

stabilize sacrum & convert notches into foramina

Front 92

lumbosacral joint, characteristics

Back 92

typical cartilaginous joint of vertebral column with ligaments similar to other intervertebral joints

Front 93

iliolumbar ligament, characteristic & attachments

Back 93

triangular-shaped, attached to tip of TP of L5, iliac crest, & ala of sacrum

Front 94

iliolumbar ligament, function

Back 94

checks against L5 sliding forward on S1 and limits rotation of L5 on S1

Front 95

two muscles of lateral wall of pelvis

Back 95

piriformis & obturator internus

Front 96

pelvic diaphragm, function

Back 96

closes pelvic outlet; separates pelvis & perineum

Front 97

two portions of pelvic diaphragm

Back 97

levator ani & coccygeus mm.

Front 98

levator ani innervated on both __________

Back 98

inferior & superior surfaces; important clinically

Front 99

UGD, function

Back 99

aids pelvic diaphragm in supporting the bladder & reproductive organs of pelvis (both sexes)

Front 100

UGD, composition

Back 100

two layers of fascia & two muscles

Front 101

two fascial layers of UGD

Back 101

superior fascia of UGD and perineal membrane

Front 102

two muscles of UGD

Back 102

deep transverse perineus and sphincter urethrae

Front 103

in males, UGD contains

Back 103

Cowper's glands

Front 104

in females, Bartholin's glands located

Back 104

in superficial space