Anatomy Pelvis Clinical

Front 1

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.

Back 1

distended bladder, thus it should be expelled be diagnosis is made

Front 2

Up until the age of 8 where is the bladder located?

Back 2

abdomin

Front 3

Where would one palpate or aspirate a child's bladder?

Back 3

suprapubis

Front 4

How much liquid can an adult bladder hold?

Back 4

1 liter

Front 5

What is found at the anterior segment of the bladder and what is this a remnant of?

Back 5

median umbilical ligament: urachus

Front 6

Which direction is a full bladder face?

Back 6

forward

Front 7

What is customarily done before vaginal exams?

Back 7

emptying of the bladder

Front 8

What is a common cause of a lacerated bladder?

Back 8

fractured pubis

Front 9

What is a "vesicouterine reflex"?

Back 9

when the valve-like portion of the ureter does not function and urine reflxes back up into the ureters

Front 10

Where would mucus in the urine come from, teh bladder or the ureters?

Back 10

ureters, the bladder has no glands

Front 11

if the uterus lies in the same axis as the vagina the intra abdemal pressure pushes the uterus down the vagina, what can happen

Back 11

the uterus can prolapse

Front 12

What is a "vesicovaginal fistula?

Back 12

it is when a tear of the cervix extends into the bladder during delivery

Front 13

What is a common cause of uterine prolapse in older women?

Back 13

divarication (division) of the levator anis by multiparity

Front 14

When retroversion of the uterus was thought to be a problem, how was the uterus pulled forward?

Back 14

shortening of the round ligaments

Front 15

What does air or gas put into the cervix and then heard bubbling int eh peritoneal cavity demonstrate?

Back 15

the connecdtion between the peritonium and the uterine tube

Front 16

What can be missed behind the rectal valves (of Houston)?

Back 16

cancer

Front 17

what is coccydynia?

Back 17

pain in the coccyx regiona and easy movement of teh coccyx by rectal exam

Front 18

What can be palpated on a male via rectal exam?

Back 18

a diseased seminal vessicle, full bladder, posterior part of the prostate

Front 19

What can be palpated on a male via rectal exam?

Back 19

cervix, ovaries, and retroverted uterus

Front 20

What is an imperforate anus?

Back 20

it's when the upper 2/3s of the anal canal (endoderm-cloaca) and the lower 1/3 (proctodeum) do not meet

Front 21

Give an example of how the degree of cervical dilation can be monitored during childbirth?

Back 21

palpate the cervix

Front 22

what effects can a perforated duodenum have in the pelvis?

What are symptoms of the above ?

Give a differential diagnosis of the above symptom

Back 22

1. acid secretions flows down to the pelvic peritoneum?

2. swelling and soreness upon palpation of the peritoneal region

3. a ruptured leaking ectopic pregnancy pour s blood int the pouch

Front 23

Is it possible to palpate hte ovary?

Back 23

yes, laterally, especially if it's abnormal

Front 24

What is cryptitis?

how is this observed?

Back 24

1. inflammation of the anal glands in teh small crypts between the anal columns

2. pus can sometimes be seen in the crypts

Front 25

What is require for complete fecal continence?

How are minor degrees of fecal incontinence caused?

Back 25

1. integrity of the anorectal ring (puborectalis ring, external sphincter and circular muscle of teh internal sphincter)

2. when small portions of the internal or external sphincter are damaged

Front 26

The intrusion of the _____ lobe of the prostate into the bladder disrupts the internal sphincter and allows the urine to trickle into the urethra to produce the earliest symptoms of prostatium (pee in the middle of the night→noctuoria) site of benign prostatic hypertrophy.

2. The _____ lobe on the other hand is the lobe in which carcinoma of the prostate (older men)

Back 26

1. middle

2. prostate

Front 27

What part of the urethra do secretions and purulent collections tend to pool there and cause stricture formation

Back 27

At the beginning of the penile part of the urethra (bulb of the penis) there is a dilation called the intrabulbar fossa where this occurs

Front 28

what are the the pros and cons of women having a shorter urethra?

Back 28

26. Female urethra is much shorter which makes catheterization much easier but also makes women much more prone to urinary tract and bladder infections. Furthermore vaginal injuries tend to involve the urethra more often and can lead to vesicovaginal fistulas

Front 29

In a women, what is the lowest part of the peritoneal cavity, why is this clinically important?

Back 29

the peritoneum posterior to the fornix

27. Much easier to feel impacted foreign matter in the urethra and rectum than normal structures. Collections of blood (hematomata) or neoplastic masses can be felt in the “cul de sac” area of perineum (fornix), prolapsed ovaries in the fornix. The body of the uterus can be felt via bimanual examination with one hand in the vagina and the other on the abdomen the urterus size can be estimated

Front 30

Which direction does a cervix point in an anteverted uterus?

Retroverted?

Back 30

anteverted: backward

retroverted: forward

Front 31

What can be palpated anteriorly in vaginal examinations?

What cannot be palpated anteriorly?

Back 31

foreign bodies

the urethra

Front 32

What role do the Bartholin (bulbourethral) glands play?

what is their clinical relevance?

Back 32

1. lubrication during intercourse

2. The Bartholin (bulbourethral) glands of the women commonly become infected when its ducts block; looks like a swelling at the jnc of the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the vaginal outlet... e.g. gonorrhea