Anatomy Pelvis And Peritoneum

Front 1

What passes down laterally and inserts on ischial tuberosity?

Back 1

Sacrotuberous Ligament

Front 2

What is a ligament that is short and together with sacrotuberous ligament will lineate the Greater and Lesser Sciatic Foramen?

Back 2

Sacrospinous Ligament

Front 3

What ligament runs perpendicular from sacrum to iliac in a horizontal direction?

Back 3

Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament

Front 4

What ligament serves the function to keep the sacrum and iliac together?

Back 4

Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament

Front 5

Anterior Superior Iliac Spines and Pubic Tubercles lie in the same plane. What is it?

Back 5

Coronal Plane

Front 6

The coccyx and upper margin of pubic symphysis lie what plane?

Back 6

Horizontal plane

Front 7

The sacral promontory and arcuate and iliopectinal lines form what?

Back 7

Pelvic Inlet (Brim)

Front 8

What does the Pelvic Inlet seperate?

Back 8

The Greater and Lesser Pelvis

Front 9

How wide is the Pelvic Inlet?

Back 9

11 cm

Front 10

What forms the lowest part of the abdominal cavity and is considered to be "false"?

Back 10

Greater Pelvis

Front 11

What opens above into the abdominal cavity and is closed below by the pelvic diaphragm?

Back 11

Lesser Pelvis (True)

Front 12

What joint is synovial, has an irregular surface and is reinforced by ligaments in the sacrum?

Back 12

Sacroiliac Joint

Front 13

What is a secondary cartilaginous joint (symphyseal) that is immovable?

Back 13

Pubic Symphysis (movable only in late pregnancy)

Front 14

What ligaments is the Pubic Symphysis supported by?

Back 14

Superior Pubic Lig. and Arcuate Pubic Lig

Front 15

What are the muscles of the True Pelvis?

Back 15

Piriformis, Oberturator Internus & Fascia, Levator Ani and coccygeus

Front 16

What forms the Pelvic Diaphragm floor?

Back 16

Levator Ani and Coccygeus M

Front 17

What is diamond shaped and is closed by the pelvic diaphragm and urogenital diaphragm?

Back 17

Pelvic Outlet

Front 18

How wide is the Pelvic Outlet?

Back 18

9.5 to 11 cm

Front 19

What is formed between the posterior margin of the pubic symphysis and the sacral promontory?

Back 19

Conjugate Diagonal

Front 20

What is formed between 1cm below posterior margin of the pubic symphysis and the sacral promontory?

Back 20

Conjugate Obstretical (runs same as conjugate diagonal except it starts just 1 cm lower)

Front 21

What conjugate can you palpate through the vaginal canal?

Back 21

Conjugate External

Front 22

What is formed between the depression under the sacral promontory and the upper margin of the pubic symphysis?

Back 22

Conjugate External

Front 23

What 2 pelvis types are heart shaped?

Back 23

Android and Gynecoid Pelvis Types

Front 24

What is the pelvis type of a normal female?

Back 24

Gynecoid- heart shaped

Front 25

During childbirth, the babies head must rotate 90 degrees between the ________ and ____________.

Back 25

Pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet

Front 26

What is the true obstretical diameter?

Back 26

Anteroposterior Diameter of the pelvis

Front 27

Where do you find the sacrovertebral angle? segment wise.

Back 27

between L5-S1

Front 28

What is formed between the sacrovertebral angle (promontory) and the pubic symphysis (posterior-superior margin)?

Back 28

Anteroposterior Diameter

Front 29

What diameter of the pelvis does not change with pregnancy, can be measured with palpating hand, and is the maximum diameter for the pelvic outlet?

Back 29

Anteroposterior Diameter. Since its the maximum diameter for the pelvic outlet and does not expand during pregnancy, it is used to determine whether childbirth is possible, hence the true obstretical diameter.

Front 30

What is formed between the iliopectinal eminence and sacroiliac articulation on the other side?

Back 30

Oblique Diameter of the Pelvis

Front 31

What is the maximum diameter of the pelvic inlet?

Back 31

Transverse Diameter of the Pelvis- forms from the middle of one side of the pelvic brim to the other

Front 32

What is the narrowest part of the pelvic canal?

Back 32

distance between the 2 ischial spine (interspinous)

Front 33

What is the determinant capacity of vaginal birth?

Back 33

Distance between 2 ischial spines

Front 34

What has the function of raising the pelvic floor?

Back 34

Pelvic Diaphragm

Front 35

What forms the floor of the pelvis and supports pelvic organs?

Back 35

Pelvic Diaphragm

Front 36

What seperates the pelvic cavity from perioteum?

Back 36

Pelvic Diaphragm

Front 37

What forms the medial wall of the ischiorectal fossa?

Back 37

Pelvic Diaphragm

Front 38

What is the origin of teh Levator Ani Muscle?

Back 38

Pelvic surface of body of pubis and tendinous arch

Front 39

What is the innervation of the Levator Ani Muscle?

Back 39

Perineal Br. of S4, Inferior Rectal N, direct branches of Sacral Plexus

Front 40

What is important with regards to urinary continence as well acts to prevent rectum prolapse?

Back 40

Levator Ani M

Front 41

What maintains the integrity of the pelvic floor and can become damaged with childbirth?

Back 41

Levator Ani M

Front 42

What is the posterior compartment of the Levator Ani M and fuses with opposite muscle and teh Anococcygeal Ligament and coccyx?

Back 42

Pubococcygeus M

Front 43

What functions as a sphincter to maintain anal continence and reflexes during defecation?

Back 43

Puborectalis M

Front 44

What forms a sling around the anorectal junction called the puborectal sling?

Back 44

Puborectalis M

Front 45

What is the most anterior compartment of the Levator Ani M?

Back 45

Puborectalis

Front 46

What is aka the Ischiococcygeus M?

Back 46

Coccygeus M

Front 47

What ligament is an atrophied part of the coccygeus?

Back 47

Sacrospinous Lig

Front 48

What forms the puboprostatic ligament, transverse cervical ligament and the pubocervical ligament?

Back 48

Pelvic Fascia

Front 49

What is an Endopelvic fascia that is continuous with extraperioneal tissue?

Back 49

Pelvic fascia

Front 50

What muscle arise from the sacrum and passes thru the Greater Sciatic Foramen?

Back 50

Piriformis M

Front 51

What muscle leaves throught the Lesser Sciatic Foramen and makes a 90 degrees turn?

Back 51

Obturator Internus

Front 52

The Obterator Internus is covered by what?

Back 52

Pelvis Fascia

Front 53

What is a thickening of the Pelvic Fascia that runs from the body of pubis to the ischial spine?

Back 53

Tendinous Arch

Front 54

What is the passage way for the rectum, urethra, and vagina?

Back 54

Urogenital Sinus

Front 55

What is the muscle surrounding the urethra?

Back 55

Bulbospongiosus M

Front 56

What artery supplies the peritoneum and takes the path thru the Greater Sciatic Foramen, around the sacrospinous ligament, and into the Lesser Sciatic Foramen, and ends up below the pelvic diaphragm?

Back 56

Internal Pudendal A

Front 57

The Sacral Plexus lays on what muscle?

Back 57

Piriformis M

Front 58

The Sacral Plexus pass thru what Sciatic Foramen?

Back 58

Greater

Front 59

What N is S2,3,4, passes thru sciatic foramen and runs with internal pudendal A?

Back 59

Pudendal N

Front 60

What are the parasympathetic nerves of the pelvis?

Back 60

Pelvic Splanchnic N (S3)

Front 61

What N is a distal continuation of the Aortic Plexus and feeds into the Pelvic Plexus?

Back 61

Hypogastric N

Front 62

Fetuses and Newborns urinary bladders are found where?

Back 62

in abdominal cavity

Front 63

Where does an empty bladder lay within an adult?

Back 63

with True Pelvis

Front 64

What is the capacity of the Urinary Bladder?

Back 64

200-300 mL

Front 65

An empty bladder is ________shaped and a distended bladder is _____________shaped.

Back 65

empty- pyramid
distended- ovoid

Front 66

The apex of the urinary bladder attaches to umbilicus via what?

Back 66

Median Umbilican Ligament (urachus)

Front 67

What represents the obliterated allantoic diverticulum?

Back 67

Urachus

Front 68

The neck of the bladder is also known as what?

Back 68

Inferior Angle of the bladder

Front 69

What rests on the prostate in males and on the urogenital diaphragm in females?

Back 69

Neck of the bladder

Front 70

The neck of the bladder is also known as what?

Back 70

Inferior Angle of the bladder

Front 71

What gender's superior bladder is completely covered with peritoneum and is related to the coils of the stomach?

Back 71

Males
(Females are only covered 2/3 with peritoneum and is related to the uterovesical pouch)

Front 72

What rests on the prostate in males and on the urogenital diaphragm in females?

Back 72

Neck of the bladder

Front 73

What seperates the fundus of the bladder from the rectum?

Back 73

Denonvillier Fascia (rectovesical septum)

Front 74

What gender's superior bladder is completely covered with peritoneum and is related to the coils of the stomach?

Back 74

Males
(Females are only covered 2/3 with peritoneum and is related to the uterovesical pouch)

Front 75

What in the female bladder is not covered with peritoneum and is related to the upper part vaginal wall?

Back 75

Fundus of the bladder

Front 76

What seperates the fundus of the bladder from the rectum?

Back 76

Denonvillier Fascia (rectovesical septum)

Front 77

What aspect of the bladder is the Fundus?

Back 77

Posterior

Front 78

What in the female bladder is not covered with peritoneum and is related to the upper part vaginal wall?

Back 78

Fundus of the bladder

Front 79

What aspect of the bladderis related to the obterator internus and the pelvic diaphragm?

Back 79

Inferolateral Aspect

Front 80

What aspect of the bladder is the Fundus?

Back 80

Posterior

Front 81

What aspect of the bladder is a suprapubic cystomy performed?

Back 81

Anterior aspect

Front 82

What aspect of the bladderis related to the obterator internus and the pelvic diaphragm?

Back 82

Inferolateral Aspect

Front 83

What forms a projection in the Trigone of the bladder?

Back 83

Uvula

Front 84

What aspect of the bladder is a suprapubic cystomy performed?

Back 84

Anterior aspect

Front 85

What is prominent in males b/c it is formed by the median lobe of the prostate and can cause obstruction to the ease of urine flow?

Back 85

Uvula

Front 86

What forms a projection in the Trigone of the bladder?

Back 86

Uvula

Front 87

What is prominent in males b/c it is formed by the median lobe of the prostate and can cause obstruction to the ease of urine flow?

Back 87

Uvula

Front 88

What surrounds the neck of the urethra forming the Internal Urethra Sphincter?

Back 88

Detrusor Muscle

Front 89

What is a highly sensitive area developed from absorbed mesonephric ducts?

Back 89

Trigone

Front 90

What is a region of the bladder that is made up of smooth mucous membrane/

Back 90

Trigone

Front 91

What is the lateral holes of the Trigone?

Back 91

Utereric Orifices

Front 92

What is found between the two uteric orificies of the Trigone?

Back 92

Interutereric Fold

Front 93

The inferior angle of the Trigone is formed by what?

Back 93

Internal Orifice

Front 94

What is the thick muscular wall of the bladder that is innervated by parasympathetic fibers?

Back 94

Detrusor M

Front 95

What are the False Ligaments of the Bladder?

Back 95

Median Umbilical Fold
2 Medial Umbilical Folds
Lateral and Posterior False Lig.
(so, it's folds and the false ligs.)

Front 96

What is the blood supply to the bladder?

Back 96

Superior and Inferior Vesicle A
(plus Vaginal A in females)

Front 97

What is the venous drainage of the Bladder?

Back 97

Vesical and Prostatic Venous Plexus (may drain via Sacral v to the Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus)

Front 98

How are tumor cells from the bladder spread to the vertebral column and then the skull?

Back 98

Drained via Sacral V to Internal Venous Plexus (batsons)

Front 99

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the bladder?

Back 99

T11-L2

Front 100

What is the function of the Sympathetic System to the bladder?

Back 100

inhibits contraction of the Detrusor M and stimulates contraction of the Spincter Vesicae- HOLDS urine

Front 101

What ist the Parasympathetic Nerve supply to the bladder and what is it's function?

Back 101

S2,3,4 Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves and inhibits contraction of Sphincter Vesicae and stimulates contraction of Detrusor M- VOIDS urine

Front 102

Pain due to overstretching of the bladder will pass via sympathetic fibers from ___________________ and via parasympathetic fibers from_____________.

Back 102

Symp- Fundus of bladder
Para- Neck of bladder

Front 103

What are found above the ureters in the male bladder?

Back 103

Ductus Deferens

Front 104

What is found below the ureters in the male bladder?

Back 104

Seminal Vesicles

Front 105

Ductus Deferens and Seminal Vesicles join to form what?

Back 105

Ejaculatory Duct- will pass thru prostate- and will enter urethra

Front 106

What is the fluid filled envelope around the testes?

Back 106

Tunica Vaginalis

Front 107

What is the tough coat of the Testes?

Back 107

Tunica Albuginea

Front 108

What part of the penis will become continuous with the Glans?

Back 108

Corpus Spongiosum

Front 109

What part of the penis will become crura and end at the Glans?

Back 109

Corpus Cavernosum

Front 110

The penis is suspended from the pubic symphysis by what?

Back 110

Triangular Ligament

Front 111

The penis hangs off the skin by what ligament?

Back 111

Suspensory Ligament

Front 112

What is the deep fascia of the penis that houses the Deep Dorsal V?

Back 112

Buck's Fascia

Front 113

What is superficial fascia of the penis and houses the superficial Dorsal V of the Penis?

Back 113

Dartos Fascia

Front 114

What is abnormal urinary meatus that instead of opening at the tip of the glans it opens anywhere along the urethral gland and as low as the peritoneal raphe?

Back 114

Hypospadias

Front 115

What is due to lack of fusion of the urethral folds and is a birth defect of the urinary meatus?

Back 115

Hypospadias

Front 116

What is a 1 grade bladder extrophy?

Back 116

Epidspadias- urethra opens on upper aspect (dorsum) of penis

Front 117

What is the innervation to acheive an erection?

Back 117

Parasymp. via Splanchnic Nerves S2,3,4

Front 118

What is the innervation of ejaculation?

Back 118

Presyn. Sympathetic IML L1

Front 119

What conveys Presynaptic Parasympathetic and visceral afferent fibers?

Back 119

Splanchnic N

Front 120

Where do you find the Rectosigmoid Jxn? (give segment)

Back 120

S3

Front 121

What is the name for the Transverse Folds of the rectum?

Back 121

Houston

Front 122

What marks the border between the internal and external spincter muscles?

Back 122

White line of Hilton

Front 123

What is the name that cooresponds with the Anal Columns?

Back 123

Morgagni

Front 124

What is a procedure to create a connection between the bladder and the skin to drain urine?

Back 124

Suprapubic Cystomy ( aka vesicotomy)

Front 125

What is an endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra?

Back 125

Cystoscopy

Front 126

What is located superiorly to the perineal membrane?

Back 126

Deep Perineal Space

Front 127

Where do you see hypertrophy and stenosis of the urethra?

Back 127

Median Lobe of the Prostate

Front 128

What supplies arterial supply to the bladder, prostate and seminal vesicles?

Back 128

Inferior Vesical Br. A

Front 129

What is a benign enlargement of the prostate that affects older men and is usually in the middle lobe obstructing the internal urethral orifice?

Back 129

Hypertrophy of the prostate

Front 130

What are 3 symptoms common to the Hypertrophy of the Prostate?

Back 130

Nocturia
Dysuria
Urgency

Front 131

What is the surgical removal of the prostate by cytoscope?

Back 131

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)

Front 132

What is surgical removal of all of part of the prostate gland?

Back 132

Prostatectomy

Front 133

What is the most common way we remove prostates today?

Back 133

Suprapubic Prostatectomy

Front 134

Where does Prostatic Cancer grow in the prostate?

Back 134

Posterior Lobe

Front 135

What is the Normal PSA in healthy males?

Back 135

Less than 4

Front 136

As prostatic tumor increases the PSA _____________.

Back 136

increases

Front 137

In males, what is between the bladder and the rectum?

Back 137

rectovesical pouch

Front 138

What is the lower membranous part of the Rectovesical Pouch?

Back 138

Rectoprostatic Fascia- aka Denonvilliers Fascia

Front 139

What is Retzius Space?

Back 139

Retropubic space- between the pubic symphysis and the bladder

Front 140

What is the innervation to the Trigone of the bladder?

Back 140

Sympathetic (presyn IML L1-2 and postsyn cell bodies in preaortic ganglia)

Front 141

What ligament runs between the neck of the bladder and the inferior border of the pubis bone?

Back 141

Pubovesical Ligament

Front 142

How does the pubovesical ligament in males run?

Back 142

runs parallel and medial to the puboprostatic ligament

Front 143

What is the innervation to the Detrusor M?

Back 143

parasymp. IML S2,3,4 and postsyn. neurons in terminal ganglia on bladder

Front 144

What is the Vermontanum?

Back 144

Seminal Colliculus

Front 145

What is a median elevation with orifices of prostatic urtricle, ejaculatory duct opening, and prostatic duct opening?

Back 145

Seminal Colliculus aka Vermontanum

Front 146

Damage to L1,L2 can cause what kind of damage?

Back 146

impotence

Front 147

What is a disfunction of the bladder due to disease of the CNS or peripheral N involved in microturition?

Back 147

Neurogenic Bladder

Front 148

What carries the pain fibers of the bladder?

Back 148

Dorsal Root Ganglion S2,3,4

Front 149

What is a hernia of bladder into the vaginal wall due to damage of perineal muscles?

Back 149

Cystocele

Front 150

What is a Cystogram?

Back 150

Radiogram of the bladder using Contrast Media

Front 151

What is a congenital anomaly of the bladder that is due to due to a defect of teh anterior abdom. wall?

Back 151

Ectopia Vesicae

Front 152

A fraction to what part of the Bladder would cause extravasation of urine to the peritoneal cavity?

Back 152

Superior part of UB

Front 153

In female pelvis' the obturator foramen is _____shaped and the suprapubic angle is __________.

Back 153

oval; wider

Front 154

What is larger in the female pelvis due to an everted ischial tuberosity?

Back 154

Pelvic Outlet is larger in females

Front 155

What occurs with a Pelvic Fx involving the acetabulum?

Back 155

central fx of acetabulum and dislocation of femoral head

Front 156

A double break in the anterior pelvic ring of the pelvis would cause what?

Back 156

Visceral injury (usually in males)

Front 157

What are 2 complications of episiotomies?

Back 157

Infection and poor blood supply

Front 158

What are the 2 most commonly used episiotomies?

Back 158

Mediolateral and Hockey Stick Episotomy

Front 159

What type of episiotomy goes directly thru the center but has poor blood supply?

Back 159

Midline Episiotomy

Front 160

During partrition, the baby turns _____________ so it faces_____________.

Back 160

clockwise; posteriorly

Front 161

What can tear during partrition?

Back 161

Pubococcygeus M

Front 162

What has the boundaries of the pubic symphysis in the front, ischiopubic rami on the sides and an imaginary line behind?

Back 162

Urogenital Sinus

Front 163

What in the perineum contains both the external urinary and external genital system?

Back 163

Urogenital Triangle

Front 164

What in the perineum contains the anal canal and ischiorectal fossa?

Back 164

Anal Triangle

Front 165

What forms the inferior border of the Superficial Perinrenal Space?

Back 165

Deep Membranous Layer (Colle's)

Front 166

What is a triangle fibrous sheet that provides attachment for muscles in the perineum?

Back 166

Perineal Membrane

Front 167

What are the 5 boundries of the perineum?

Back 167

ant=pubic symphysis
antlat=ischiopubic rami
lat=ischial tuberosities
postlat=sacrotuberous lig
post=coccyx

Front 168

What are the superficial and deep boundries of the superficial perineal pouch?

Back 168

Colles' fascia

perineal membrane

Front 169

What are the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm?

Back 169

deep transverse perineal and sphincter urethrae

Front 170

What is the location and contents of pudendal canal?

Back 170

b/t split in obturator internus m; pudendal n, inferior rectal n and vessels

Front 171

Site of pudendal n block

Back 171

at ischial spine

Front 172

The perineal membrane (Inferior Fascia of the Urogenital Diaphragm) lies between what 2 fascia in the perineum?

Back 172

Superficial Fascia of the Urogenital Diaphragm is superior to it and the Colle's lies inferiorly

Front 173

What is another name for the Inferior Fascia of the Urogenital Diaphragm?

Back 173

Perineal Membrane

Front 174

What is located in the middle of the posterior border of the Perineal Membrane?

Back 174

Perineal Body

Front 175

What is the potential space between Colle's fascia and the External Perineal Fascia?

Back 175

Superficial Perineal Cleft

Front 176

What is the name for the External Perineal Fascia?

Back 176

Gaulladet

Front 177

What prevents extravasted fluids from entering subcutaneous spaces of lower limb from perineum?

Back 177

Colle's and Scarpa's Fascia layers acting as barriers

Front 178

What closes the Superficial Perineal pouch?

Back 178

Fusion of the Perineal Membrane and the Colle's Fascia

Front 179

What is the roof of the Deep Perineal Pouch?

Back 179

Superficial Fascia of Urogenital Diaphragm

Front 180

What is the floor of the Deep Perineal Pouch?

Back 180

Inferior Fascia of the Urogenital Diaphragm

Front 181

What perineal pouch is closed on all sides due to the Superficial Fascia of the UG Diaphragm and the Inferior Fascia of the UG DIaphragm closing?

Back 181

Deep Perineal pouch

Front 182

3 branches of pudndal n

Back 182

inferior rectal, deep and superficial perineal n, dorsal n of the penis/clitoris

Front 183

What does inferior rectal n inn?

Back 183

sphincter and externus and perianal skin

Front 184

What does perineal n inn?

Back 184

deep br= perineal pouch m, sphincter ani externus, levator ani
superficial br= skin of scrotum and labia major

Front 185

What are the contents of the broad ligament?

Back 185

fallopian tube, round lig, ovarian lig, uterine vessels, lymphatics, parametrial CT

Front 186

What is the lig that attaches the lateral part of the ovary to the pelvic wall and its contents?

Back 186

infundibulopelvic lig(suspensory lig of the ov), transmits ov vessels

Front 187

What does the Deep Perineal Pouch, the Superficial and Inferior Fascia of UG all together form?

Back 187

Urogenital Diaphragm

Front 188

What perineum pouch do you find the Bulborethal Glands (Cowpers)?

Back 188

Deep Perineal Pouch

Front 189

What perineum pouch do you find the Greater Vestibule Glands (Bartholin)?

Back 189

Superficial Perineal Pouch

Front 190

What is another name for the External Urethral Sphincter?

Back 190

Sphincter Urethrae

Front 191

Is the External Urethral Spinchter voluntary or involuntary?

Back 191

Voluntary

Front 192

What innervates the External Urethral Sphincter?

Back 192

Perineal branch of Pudendal N

Front 193

In the male, the external urethral sphincter surrounds the __________.

Back 193

Membranous Urethra

Front 194

In the female, the external urethral sphincter acts like a _______.

Back 194

Urogenital Sphincter

Front 195

What is formed by the imaginary line, sacrotuberous ligament, and the coccyx?

Back 195

Anal Triangle

Front 196

What do you find on either side of the Anal Canal?

Back 196

Ischiorectal Fossa

Front 197

What is the lymph drainage of the vagina?

Back 197

upper 4/5=internal iliac nodes
lower 1/5=superficial inguinal nodes

Front 198

What is the innervation of the vagina?

Back 198

upper 4/5=urovaginal plexus
lower 1/5=deep perineal br of internal pudendal

Front 199

Which part of the urethra contains the bulbar fossa?

Back 199

spongy urethra

Front 200

What stops the spread of extravasated urine into testes, ischiorectal fossa, pelvic cavity, and thigh?

Back 200

scarpa's fascia

Front 201

What is the v, a, n, and lymph above the pectinate line?

Back 201

sup rectal a, sup rectal v(->portal system), symp=L1, 2 PS=S3,4, int iliac nodes

Front 202

What is the v, a, n, and lymph below pectinate line?

Back 202

inf rectal a, inf rectal v(->IVC), somatic inn=inf rectal n (so pain sensitive), superficial inguinal nodes

Front 203

What does the dorsal a of the penis supply?

Back 203

glans penis

Front 204

Where does the dorsal v of the penis drain?

Back 204

prostatic plexus

Front 205

What are the root values of the lumbosacral trunk? It connects with? And location?

Back 205

VPR L4,5;
contributes to sacral plexus;
stays in pelvic cavity

Front 206

What is the location and root value of the sup gluteal n?

Back 206

it leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis; L4-S1

Front 207

What functions as an extension of the rectum?

Back 207

Ischiorectal Fossa

Front 208

Where does the pair of Ischiorectal Fossa communicate with one another?

Back 208

Deep Postanal Space- space over anococcygeal ligament

Front 209

What is a forward extension of fossa above UG diaphragm as far as the body of the pubis?

Back 209

Anterior Recess

Front 210

What is a gap seen in the apex of the Ischiorectal Fossa due to a defective Levator Ani Muscle?

Back 210

Hiatus of Schwalbe

Front 211

What can occur in the Hiatus of Schwalbe?

Back 211

Ischiorectal Hernia can occur

Front 212

What starts at the sacrotuberous ligament laterally and fuses with the anal fascia medially, resulting in a dome shape?

Back 212

Lunate Fascia

Front 213

What is the apex of the Lunate Fascia known as?

Back 213

Tegmentum

Front 214

The space locateda above the Lunate Fascia is known as what?

Back 214

Suprategmental Recess

Front 215

What are the 3 contents of the Ischiorectal Fossa?

Back 215

1. Ischiorectal pad of fat
2. Inferior Rectal Vessels & N
3. Perianal Br. S4

Front 216

What innervates the Sphincter Ani Externa?

Back 216

Perianal Br. S4

Front 217

What in the Ischiorectal fossa keeps the lower end of the anal canal closed?

Back 217

Ischiorectal Pad of Fat

Front 218

What is the arterial blood supply to the Sphincter Ani Externa and the periana skin?

Back 218

Inferior Rectal Vessels and N

Front 219

What would cause fecal matter to enter the Ischioanal Fossa?

Back 219

A weakness or perforation in the anal canal wall at the level of the anal valves

Front 220

What is formed by splitting of the obturator fascia?

Back 220

Pudendal canal

Front 221

What are the contents of the Pudendal Canal?

Back 221

1. Pudendal N and Branches
2. Internal Pudendal Vessels

Front 222

What is the inn of the scrotum?

Back 222

ilioinguinal, pudendal, genitofemoral, post femoral cutaneous

Front 223

Superficial inguinal nodes receive lymph from? And drain to?

Back 223

penis, scrotum, buttocks, labia major, lower vagina, anal canal;

ext iliac nodes and common iliac to lumbar (aortic nodes)

Front 224

Internal iliac nodes receive lymph from? and drain to?

Back 224

upper rectum, upper vagina, uterus;

common iliac to lumbar(aortic) nodes

Front 225

Where does lymph from the glans of penis drain to?

Back 225

deep inguinal to ext iliac

Front 226

What does the subcostal n inn?

Back 226

ext oblique, int oblique, transverse, rectus abdominus, pyrimidalis

Front 227

What does ilioypogastic n inn?

Back 227

ant cutaneous br=skin above pubis; lat cutaneous=skin of gluteals

Front 228

What does ilioinguinal n inn?

Back 228

ant scrotal/labial br= afferent to cremaster/ labia major

Front 229

What does genitofemoral n inn?

Back 229

gential br=efferent to cremaster/labia major;

femoral br=skin of femoral triangle

Front 230

The Pudendal Canal begins at the Lesser Sciatic Notch and ends at what?

Back 230

Deep Perineal Pouch

Front 231

What is the origin of the Pudendal N?

Back 231

Sacral Plexus S2,3,4

Front 232

What is the main N supply to the Perineum?

Back 232

Pudendal N

Front 233

What are the 3 branches off the Pudendal N?

Back 233

1. Inferior Rectal N
2. Perineal N
3. Dorsal N of Penis or Clitoris

Front 234

What provides sensory to the anal triangle?

Back 234

Inferior Rectal N

Front 235

What provides motor to the external anal sphincter and Levator Ani M?

Back 235

Inferior Rectal N

Front 236

What provides sensory to skin of the scrotum/labia?

Back 236

Perineal N

Front 237

What provides motor to muscles of the superficial and deep pouches?

Back 237

Perineal N

Front 238

What provides sensory innerv. to the shaft of the penis/clitoris?

Back 238

Dorsal N of Penis or Clitoris

Front 239

What provides innervation to the muscles of the Perineal Pouches, Sphincter Ani Externi, and the Levator Ani M?

Back 239

Deep Perineal N

Front 240

What provides innervation to the posterior scrotum/labia?

Back 240

Superficial Perineal N

Front 241

What provides the principle blood supply to the perineum?

Back 241

Internal Pudendal A

Front 242

What are the 5 branches of the Internal Pudendal A?

Back 242

Inferior Rectal A
Perineal A
Artery of the Bulb
Deep A Penis/Clitoris
Dorsal A

Front 243

What vein enters the pelvis gap between the transverse perineal ligament and the arcuate pubic ligament?

Back 243

Deep Dorsal V of the Penis/Clitoris

Front 244

The unpaired Deep Dorsal V of the male will drain to what?

Back 244

Prostatic Venous Plexus

Front 245

The Unpaired Deep Dorsal V of the Female will drain to what?

Back 245

Vesical Venous Plexus

Front 246

Where does MOST of the Perineum lymph drain from?
(+anal canal)

Back 246

Superficial Inguinal Nodes along the external pudendal vessels

Front 247

Where the does lymph of the body of the penis drain?

Back 247

Internal Iliac Nodes (along with the deep dorsal v)

Front 248

What 4 things in the Perineum drain to the Internal Iliac Nodes?

Back 248

Deep Perineal Space
Membranous Urethra
Most Vagina
Body of the Penis

Front 249

What is the Central Tendinum?

Back 249

Perineal Body

Front 250

What is a central fibromuscular raphe that is 1.25cm long and lies between the junction of the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle?

Back 250

Perineal Body

Front 251

What can tear during childbirth that can then lead to herination or prolapse of the uterus?

Back 251

Perineal Body

Front 252

What 4 muscles attach to the Perineal Body?

Back 252

Bulbospongiosus
External Anal Sphincter
Superficial Transverse Perineal
Deep Transverse Perineal M

Front 253

What is a sling of Puborectalis M that surrounds the Anorectal Junction?

Back 253

Anorectal Ring

Front 254

What is another name for the Anorectal Ring?

Back 254

Anorectal Sphincter Complex

Front 255

Where do the Deep part of the External Sphincter and Internal Sphincter merge to form a ring?

Back 255

At the Anorectal Ring

Front 256

What is the blood supply to the Rectum?

Back 256

Inferior Rectal A
Middle Rectal A
Superior Rectal A
Median Sacral A

Front 257

What type of hemorrhoid pain is dull and has visceral innervation?

Back 257

Internal Hemorrhoids

Front 258

What type of hemorrhoid is seen with superior and middle rectal A anastomosis?

Back 258

Internal Hemorrhoids

Front 259

What hemorrhoids are very painful and are innervated by the Inferior Rectal N?

Back 259

External Hemorrhoids

Front 260

What veins drain from the Rectum?

Back 260

Superior Rectal V
MIddle Rectal V
Inferior Rectal V

Front 261

What veins of the Rectum drain to Systemic Circulation?

Back 261

Middle Rectal V and Inferior Rectal V

Front 262

What veins of the Rectum drain to the Portal Circulation?

Back 262

Superior Rectal V

Front 263

What starts at S3 and ends at the Anorectal Junction?

Back 263

Rectum

Front 264

What does the Rectum have instead of tenae coli?

Back 264

complete longitudinal muscle layer

Front 265

What is the Rectal Ampulla?

Back 265

Lower part of the Rectum

Front 266

Internal Hemorrhoids are due to variscosities of the submucosa venous plexus. Venous columns at what "time" in the submucosa is likely to have hemorrhoids?

Back 266

3, 7, and 11 oclock

Front 267

Anorectal Flexure (Perineal Flexure) is important for what clinical reason?

Back 267

Fetal continence

Front 268

What are the lateral curves of the rectum?

Back 268

2 lateral curves to the right and 1 to the left

Front 269

What is the pathway for the lymph drainage of the Superior 1/2 of the Rectum?

Back 269

Superior 1/2 Rectum lymph along the superior Rectal vessels to Pararectal Nodes and empty into the Inferior Mesenteric and Lumbar Nodes

Front 270

What does the Inferior 1/2 of the Rectum drain to?

Back 270

Internal Iliac Nodes

Front 271

How is the rectum seperated from the sacrum?

Back 271

by Waldeyer's fascia

Front 272

What fossa do you have on the lateral aspect of the Rectum?

Back 272

Pararectal Fossa

Front 273

What seperates the posterior fornix of the vagina from the Rectouterine Pouch of Douglas?

Back 273

Rectovaginal Septum

Front 274

In males the Rectovesical Pouch is how high above the Anal Orifice?

Back 274

7.5cm (length of index finger)

Front 275

The Rectouterine Pouch of Douglas is in what relations to the anal orifice?

Back 275

5.5 cm above it

Front 276

What is another name for the Transverse Folds of the Rectum?

Back 276

Valves of Houston

Front 277

Valves of Houston are made up of what?

Back 277

Mucosa
Submucosa
Circular M

Front 278

How many valves of Houston are there in the Rectum?

Back 278

usually 3-4.
2 on the left (sup. & inf. folds)
1 on right (middle)

Front 279

What is the Sympathetic innervation to the Rectum?

Back 279

Lumbar Splanchnic N and Hypogastric Plexus

Front 280

What is the Parasymp. innervation to the Rectum?

Back 280

Pelvic Splanchnic N and Hypogastric Plexus

Front 281

What is 3.8cm long and is continuous with the rectum at the pelvic diaphragm?

Back 281

Anal Canal

Front 282

The anal canal at the junction of the rectum bends posteriorly forming what?

Back 282

Perineal Flexure- b/c of forward pull of the Puborectalis M

Front 283

How is the Anal Canal attached to the Coccyx?

Back 283

Anococcygeal Ligament

Front 284

What anal sphincter is made up of a thickened ring of circular smooth muscles?

Back 284

Internal Anal Sphincter

Front 285

_________ Anal Sphincter surrounds the upper part of the Anal Canal and _____________anal sphincter surrounds the entire length of the anal canal.

Back 285

Internal; External

Front 286

What anal sphincter is made up of 3 adjacent rings of skeletal muscle and is controlled voluntarily by the Inferior rectal N?

Back 286

External Anal Sphincter

Front 287

What are 5-10 longitudinal columns of mucosa in the upper 1/2 of the anal canal limited below by valves?

Back 287

Anal Columns

Front 288

What are cresenteric folds of mucosa that join bases of adjacent anal columns?

Back 288

Anal Valves (remnants of anal membrane)

Front 289

What are pocket like recesses above anal valves leading into anal crypts?

Back 289

Anal sinuses

Front 290

What nerve should be anesthesized for the upper vulva and labia?

Back 290

Iliolingual N and Genital Br. of Genitofemoral N

Front 291

What nerve should be anesthesized for the lower parts of the labia?

Back 291

Posterior Labial Br. of Perineal Br. (S2,S4)

Front 292

Where would you do a Pudendal block to numb the lateral aspect of the perineum?

Back 292

Perineal Br. of Posterior Femoral Cutaneuous (S2.S3)

Front 293

What nerve should be anesthesized for the skin of the ischioanal fossa and anal orifice?

Back 293

Inferior Rectal N (S2,3,4)

Front 294

Where do Levator Ani Muscles meet?

Back 294

Anococcygeal Lig

Front 295

What is the tough outer covering on the Ischiocavernosus M?

Back 295

Tunica Albingeus

Front 296

What provides the pulsive force for ejaculation?

Back 296

Bulbospongiosus M

Front 297

What 4 things are found in the Broad Ligament?

Back 297

Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium
Suspensory Lig. of Ovary

Front 298

What is another name for the Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary?

Back 298

Infundibulopelvic Ligament

Front 299

What is the function of the Infundibulopelvic Ligament?

Back 299

Attaches ovary to pelvic wall. Contains Ovarian A, Ovarian V, Ovarian Plexus and Lymph Vessels

Front 300

How is the Ovary attached to the Uterus?

Back 300

Proper Ovarian Ligament

Front 301

What runs between the uterus and the mesovarium?

Back 301

mesometrium

Front 302

What runs from the Uterus to the Inguinal Canal within the Broad Ligament?

Back 302

Round Ligament

Front 303

What is a periotneal fold attaching the lateral borders of the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall?

Back 303

Broad Ligament

Front 304

What is a periotneal fold between the Fallopian tube and the mesovarium?

Back 304

Mesosalpinx

Front 305

What is a constriction of the uterus that divides it into a larger body and a cylindrical cervix?

Back 305

Isthmus

Front 306

What is the preferred site for a C-section?

Back 306

Isthmus

Front 307

What position of the uterus includes in Long axis of the cervis is bent forwards over long axis of vagina?

Back 307

Anteversion

Front 308

What uterus position includes the body of the uterus bent forward over the cervix at the isthmus?

Back 308

Anteflexion

Front 309

What is the primary ligament supporting the cervix?

Back 309

Transverse Cervial Ligament (Mackendrodts)

Front 310

What is a thickening of endopelvic fascia that extends from the sides of the cervix and vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis?

Back 310

Transverse Cervical Ligament
(Mackendrodts)

Front 311

What is another name for the Transverse Cervical Ligament?

Back 311

Mackendrodts

Front 312

What is the Arbor Vitae Uteri?

Back 312

Median Longitudinal Ridges in mucosa of the Cervix with Transverse Palmate fold extending laterally from ridges

Front 313

What is the arterial supply to the Uterus?

Back 313

Uterine A
Ovarian A( only during pregnancy)

Front 314

What do the Uterine V and Ovarian V of the Uterus drain to?

Back 314

Ovarian and Internal Iliac V

Front 315

What is the lymph drainage of the Cervix?

Back 315

External Iliac Nodes
Internal Iliac Nodes
Sacral Nodes

Front 316

What is the lymph drainage of the lower part of the body of the uterus?

Back 316

External Iliac Lymph Nodes

Front 317

What is the lymph drainage of the upper part of the body, fundus and fallopian tubes?

Back 317

SOME- Lateral Aortic Nodes
few- External Iliac Nodes

Front 318

What is the lymph drainage near the opening of the Fallopian Tube?

Back 318

Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Front 319

What makes up the symp. and parasym. parts of the Uterovaginal Plexus?

Back 319

Sympath- T11-L3
Parasym- S2.3.4

Front 320

Sympathetic innervation to the uterus causes what?

Back 320

Uterine Contraction and Vasoconstriction

Front 321

Parasymp. Innervation to the uterus causes what?

Back 321

Uterine Inhibition and vasodilation

Front 322

What is the name for the radio exam of the uterine tubes?

Back 322

Hysterosalpingography

Front 323

What ureter is more vulnerable during a hysterectomy to become damages?

Back 323

Left ureter bc it runs close to the lateral aspect of the cervix

Front 324

What is the embryonic Gubernaculum in the female?

Back 324

Round Ligament

Front 325

Where does the Round Ligament attach to?

Back 325

skin of the Labium Majorum

Front 326

What is another name for the Transverse Cervical Ligament?

Back 326

Mackendrotts or Cardinal Lig.

Front 327

What artery is contained in the Transverse Cervical Ligament?

Back 327

Uterine A

Front 328

What is the lateral end of the Fallopian called that opens into the anterior abdominal wall?

Back 328

Ovarium Ostium

Front 329

What is the name for the largest fimbriae at the Infundibulum?

Back 329

Ovarian Fimbria

Front 330

What is the dilated part medial to the infundibulum of the Fallopian Tube?

Back 330

Ampulla

Front 331

Of the Fallopian tube, what is the narrow part medial to the ampulla?

Back 331

Isthmus

Front 332

Where does Fertilization occur in the Fallopian Tube?

Back 332

lateral 1/3 and medial 2/3 in Ampulla

Front 333

The upper end of the ovary is the_______________ and the lower end of the ovary is the___________________.

Back 333

upper end- tubal end
lower end- uterine end

Front 334

What periotoneal fold is the ovary suspended in?

Back 334

Mesovarium

Front 335

During the 5th month of pregnancy the ovary dislodges from where?

Back 335

Ovarian Fossa

Front 336

What is the blood supply to the ovary?

Back 336

Ovarian A

Front 337

The right Ovarian V drains to_____________ and the left Ovarian V drains to________________.

Back 337

Right- IVC
Left- L Renal V

Front 338

The ovary may get dislodged in the Pouch of Douglas. This may cause what?

Back 338

Dysparenia

Front 339

What is the lymph flow of the Ovary?

Back 339

to Lateral Aortic Lymph Nodes

Front 340

What is the symp and parasym. innervation of the ovary?

Back 340

Symp- T10-11
Paras- vagus

Front 341

Of the vagina, the upper 1/3 is ______________, the middle 1/3 is ________________, and the lower 1/3 is _______________.

Back 341

upper- circular
middle- transverse slit
lower- H shaped lumen

Front 342

Injury to the posterior fornix of the vagina will open into the peritoneal cavity and infection can spread where?

Back 342

Douglas Pouch

Front 343

What is the blood supply of the Vagina?

Back 343

Uterine A
Vaginal A
Internal Pudendal A

Front 344

What are the Azygous Arteries?

Back 344

anastomose of the Uterine A, Vaginal A, and Internal Pudendal A to form 2 longitudinal arterial chains.

Front 345

The upper 4/5 of the vagina lymph drains to____________ and the lower 1/5 lymph drains to_____________.

Back 345

4/5 to Internal Iliac Nodes
1/5 to Superficial Inguinal Nodes

Front 346

What is the nerve supply to the upper 4/5 and lower 1/5 of the vagina?

Back 346

upper part- symp and para
lower part- Pudendal N Br

Front 347

What is an endoscope that magnifies the epithelia of the vagina and cervix in vivo?

Back 347

Colposcope

Front 348

What is an endoscope into the vagina that goes thru the posterior fornix to examine the pelvic viscera and rectovaginal pouch?

Back 348

Culdoscopy

Front 349

What runs between the Lumbosacral Trunk and S1?

Back 349

Superior Gluteal vessels

Front 350

What runs between S2 and S3?

Back 350

Inferior Gluteal Vessels

Front 351

What prevents cystocele into the vagina?

Back 351

Pubocervial Lig.

Front 352

In the broad ligament, what is a remnant of the mesonephric tubules?

Back 352

Epoophoron

Front 353

In the broad ligament, what is a remnant of the paramesonephric tubules?

Back 353

Paraopharon

Front 354

What is it called when cervical carcinoma spreads to the ureters?

Back 354

hydronephrosis

Front 355

What are three possible was Cervical Carcinoma can persist?

Back 355

Subendometrial
Subserosal
Intramural

Front 356

What is a bladder herniation into the anterior abdominal wall?

Back 356

Cystocele

Front 357

What is a rectum herniation into the posterior vaginal wall?

Back 357

Rectocele